1695
1695 (MDCXCV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1695th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 695th year of the 2nd millennium, the 95th year of the 17th century, and the 6th year of the 1690s decade. As of the start of 1695, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1695 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1695 MDCXCV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2448 |
| Armenian calendar | 1144 ԹՎ ՌՃԽԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6445 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1616–1617 |
| Bengali calendar | 1102 |
| Berber calendar | 2645 |
| English Regnal year | 7 Will. & Mar. – 8 Will. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2239 |
| Burmese calendar | 1057 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7203–7204 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲戌年 (Wood Dog) 4391 or 4331 — to — 乙亥年 (Wood Pig) 4392 or 4332 |
| Coptic calendar | 1411–1412 |
| Discordian calendar | 2861 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1687–1688 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5455–5456 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1751–1752 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1616–1617 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4795–4796 |
| Holocene calendar | 11695 |
| Igbo calendar | 695–696 |
| Iranian calendar | 1073–1074 |
| Islamic calendar | 1106–1107 |
| Japanese calendar | Genroku 8 (元禄８年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1618–1619 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 4028 |
| Minguo calendar | 217 before ROC 民前217年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 227 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2237–2238 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木狗年 (male Wood-Dog) 1821 or 1440 or 668 — to — 阴木猪年 (female Wood-Pig) 1822 or 1441 or 669 |
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July 12: Siege of Namur begins.
It was also a particularly cold and wet year. Contemporary records claim that wine froze in the glasses in the Palace of Versailles.
Events
January–June
- February 6 – Mustafa II (1695–1703) succeeds Ahmed II as Ottoman Emperor.
- April – The Parliament of England decides not to renew the Licensing Order of 1643 requiring press censorship.[1]
- Spring – Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700): Russia begins the Azov campaigns (1695–96) against the Ottoman Empire.
- June 24 – The Commission of Enquiry into the Massacre of Glencoe in Scotland in 1692 reports to the Parliament of England, blaming Sir John Dalrymple, Secretary of State over Scotland, and declares that a soldier should refuse to obey a "command against the law of nature".
July–December
- July 12 – The Siege of Namur begins.
- July 17 – The Bank of Scotland is founded.
- August 8 – The Wren Building is started in Williamsburg, Virginia (completed in 1700).
- August 13–15 – Nine Years' War: Brussels is bombarded by French troops.
- September 1 – Nine Years' War: France surrenders Namur, Spanish Netherlands to forces of the Grand Alliance, led by King William III of England, following the 2-month Siege of Namur.[2]
- September 7 – English pirate Henry Every perpetrates one of the most profitable raids in history, with the capture of the Grand Mughal ship Ganj-i-Sawai. In response, Emperor Aurangzeb threatens to put an end to all English trading in India.
- December 31 – A window tax is imposed in England.[2] Some windows are bricked up to avoid it.
Date unknown
- English manufacturers call for an embargo on Indian cloth, and silk weavers picket the House of Commons of England.
- A £2 fine is imposed for swearing in England.
- After 23 years of construction, Spain completes Castillo de San Marcos to protect St. Augustine, Florida, from foreign threats.
- After many years of construction, the Potala Palace in Lhasa is completed.
- Gold is discovered in Brazil.
- Johanne Nielsdatter is executed for witchcraft, the last such confirmed execution in Norway.
- In Amsterdam, the bank Wed. Jean Deutz & Sn. floats the first sovereign bonds on the local market. The scheme is designed to fund a 1.5 million guilder loan to the Holy Roman Emperor. From this date on, European leaders commonly take advantage of the low interest rates available in the Dutch Republic, and borrow several hundred millions on the Dutch capital market.[3]
- The Great Famine of 1695–1697 begins as the Great Famine of Estonia (1695–97) in Swedish Estonia and spreads across Finland, Latvia, Norway and Sweden, while the "seven ill years" of famine in Scotland are ongoing.
Births
- February 2 – William Borlase, English naturalist (d. 1772)
- February 6 – Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1726)
- March 9 – Martín Sarmiento, Spanish scholar and writer (d. 1772)
- March 15 – Alexander Joseph Sulkowski, Polish and Saxon general (d. 1762)
- April 8 – Johann Christian Günther, German poet (d. 1723)
- May 2 – Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni, French architect and painter (d. 1766)
- May 3 – Henri Pitot, French engineer (d. 1771)
- June 6 – Adriaan Valckenier, Dutch Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1737-1741) (d. 1751)
- September 3 – Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (d. 1764)
- September 5 – Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (d. 1770)
- October 5 – John Glas, Scottish minister (d. 1773)
- November 10 – John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (d. 1771)
- date unknown – Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie, Swedish salonniére (d. 1745)
Deaths
- January 4 – François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, Marshal of France (b. 1628)
- January 16 – Hans Adam Weissenkircher, Austrian painter (b. 1646)
- January 29 – Paul Hermann, German botanist (b. 1646)
- February 6 – Ahmed II of Turkey (b. 1643)
- February 14 – Georg von Derfflinger, field marshal in the army of Brandenburg-Prussia (b. 1606)
- February 18 – Sir William Phips, governor of Massachusetts (b. 1650)
- March 5 – Henry Wharton, English writer (b. 1664)
- April 3 – Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Dutch painter (b. c. 1636)
- April 5 – George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, English writer and statesman (b. 1633)
- April 6 – Richard Busby, English clergyman (b. 1606)
- April 13 – Jean de La Fontaine, French writer (b. 1621)
- April 17 – Juana Inés de la Cruz, Mexican nun, writer and poet (b. 1651)
- April 27 – John Trenchard, English statesman (b. 1640)
- April 28 – Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet (b. 1621)
- May 9 – Lambert van Haven, Danish architect (b. 1630)
- May 17 – Cornelis de Heem, Dutch painter (b. 1631)
- May 30 – Pierre Mignard, French painter (b. 1612)
- June 11 – André Félibien, French architect (b. 1619)
- July 8 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician and physicist who developed the wave theory of light (b. 1629)
- July 18 – Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)
- August 2 – Mattia de Rossi, Italian painter (b. 1637)
- August 6
- François de Harlay de Champvallon, Archbishop of Paris (b. 1625)
- Thomas Moore, English politician (b. 1618)
- August 12 – Huang Zongxi, Chinese political theorist, philosopher, writer, and soldier (b. 1610)
- August 19 – Christopher Merret, English physician and scientist (b. 1614)
- August 20 – Giuseppe Francesco Borri, Italian alchemist (b. 1627)
- September – Thomas Tew, English pirate
- October 6 – Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and last Administrator of Ratzeburg (b. 1633)
- October 16 – William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford, member of England's House of Lords (b. 1626)
- October 17 – Arthur Rawdon, English Member of Parliament (b. 1662)
- October 19 – Johann Wilhelm Baier, German theologian (b. 1647)
- October 21 – Johann Arnold Nering, German architect (b. 1659)
- November 16 – Pierre Nicole, French Jansensist (b. 1625)
- November 20 – Zumbi, Brazilian leader of a runaway slave colony (b. 1655)
- November 21 – Henry Purcell, English composer (b. 1659)
- November 22 – Francis Nurse, husband of Rebecca Nurse (accused during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692), (b. 1618)
- November 28 – Anthony Wood, English antiquarian (b. 1632)
- November 29 – James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, Scottish lawyer and statesman (b. 1619)
- December 8 – Barthélemy d'Herbelot de Molainville, French orientalist (b. 1625)
- December 12 – Jacob Abendana, British rabbi (b. 1630)
- December 15 – Richard Hampden, English politician (b. 1631)
- December 24 – Louis Thomassin, French bishop and theologian (b. 1619)
References
- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 198–200. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 287. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- Eeghen, I. H. van (1961). "Buitenlandse manopolies van de Amstersamse kooplieden in de tweedee helft van de zeventiende eeuw". Jaarboek Amstelodamum. 53: 176–184.
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