1971 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
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Aleksandr Tvardovsky, who died this year, was a Soviet poet who, as editor of Novy Mir, fought for more independence and published Alexandr Solzhenitsyn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich in 1962
Events
- Winter — This magazine founded in the United States by Robert Grenier and Barrett Watten
- March – Cuban poet Herberto Padilla is arrested in Havana and released only after signing a confession stating he is a "vicious character" who took part in counterrevolutionary activities. A letter to Fidel Castro published May 20 in Paris from 60 leftist intellectuals, all supporters of the Cuban revolution, protests Padilla's treatment and accuses Castro of imposing Stalinism on Cuba. Among the 60: Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Susan Sontag, Alberto Moravia, Carlos Fuentes, and Mario Vargas Llosa (who saya he continues to support the Cuban revolution). Julio Cortázar of Argentina says he stands by Castro in a verse manifesto, Policrítica en la hora de los chacales
- April 8 – Release of Right On!, a film directed by Herbert Danska, of poetry recitations with bongo accompaniments on New York City streets
- April 21 – The 13th century Codex Regius is returned from Denmark to Iceland under naval escort.
- July 2 – Release of The Canterbury Tales, a film directed by Pier Paulo Pasolini, providing a soft-pornographic, controversial version of four tales by Geoffrey Chaucer
- Counter/measures magazine is founded in the United States by X. J. Kennedy and his wife, Dorothy. The magazine champions poetry written in traditional patterns[1] and is an influence in the later creation of the New Formalism movement.
Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
Canada
- Margaret Atwood, Power Politics
- bill bissett, Nobody Owns the Earth
- George Bowering, Touch: Selected Poems 1960–1970
- Louis Dudek, Collected Poetry. Montréal: Delta Canada.[2]
- Northrop Frye, The Bush Garden (scholarship)[3]
- John Glassco, Selected Poems. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
- Bill Howell, The Red Fox
- Irving Layton, The Collected Poems of Irving Layton. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.[4]
- Irving Layton, Nailpolish. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.[4]
- Kenneth Leslie, The Poems of Kenneth Leslie [ed. Sean Haldane.] Ladysmith, Quebec: Ladysmith Press.[5]
- Richard Lewis, editor, I Breathe a New Song anthology of poems by Eskimos
- Dorothy Livesay:
- Plainsongs. Fredericton, NB: Fiddlehead Poetry Books.
- Plainsongs Extended. Fredericton, NB: Fiddlehead Poetry Books.
- Disasters of the Sun. Burnaby, BC: Blackfish Press.[6]
- Anne Marriott, Countries, Fredericton, NB: Fiddlehead Poetry Books.[7]
- George McWhirter, Catalan Poems (winner of the 1972 Commonwealth Poetry Prize)
- Alden Nowlan, Between Tears and Laughter
- Michael Ondaatje, editor, The Broken Ark, animal verse; Ottawa: Oberon; revised as A Book of Beasts, 1979 (anthology)[8] ISBN 0-88750-050-1
- Andreas Schroeder, File of Uncertainties, a chapbook (Sono Nis Press)
- Raymond Souster, The Years.Ottawa: Oberon Press.[9]
- Phyllis Webb, Selected Poems 1954–65
- Dale Zieroth and four other poets, Mindscapes
India, in English
- Jayanta Mahapatra:
- Arvind Krishna Mehrotra, Pomes / Poemes / Poemas ( Poetry in English ),[11]
- G. S. Sharat Chandra, April in Nanjangud ( Poetry in English ), London: London Magazine[12]
- Michael Chacko Daniels, Split into Two ( Poetry in English ), Calcutta: Writers Workshop, India .[12]
- Keki N. Daruwalla, Apparition in April ( Poetry in English ), Calcutta: Writers Workshop, India .[12]
- Amaresh Datta, Captive Moments ( Poetry in English ), Calcutta: Writers Workshop, India[12]
- Subhoranjan Das Gupta, Bodhisattva and Other Poems ( Poetry in English ), Calcutta: Writers Workshop, India .[12]
- Gopal R. Honnalgere, A Wad of Poems, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, India[12]
- Suniti Namjoshi:
- More Poems ( Poetry in English ), Calcutta: Writers Workshop, India.[13]
- Cyclone in Pakistan ( Poetry in English ), Calcutta: Writers Workshop, India .[13]
- Nolini Kanta Gupta, Collected Works, five volumes, published this year through 1976; Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Book Distribution Agency[12]
- Subhas Chandra Saha, editor, Modern Indo-Anglian Love Poetry, anthology; Calcutta: Writers Workshop, India[14]
New Zealand
- Fleur Adcock, High Tide in the Garden, London: Oxford University Press (New Zealand poet who moved to England in 1963)[15]
- James K. Baxter, Jerusalem Daybook
- Bob Orr, Blue Footpaths[16]
- Ian Wedde, Homage to Matisse
United Kingdom
- Fleur Adcock, High Tide in the Garden, New Zealand native living in and published in the United Kingdom
- George Barker, Poems of Places and People
- Frances Bellerby, Selected Poems
- George Mackay Brown
- Fishermen with Ploughs[17]
- Poems New and Selected
- Tony Connor, In the Happy Valley
- John Cotton, Old Movies
- Maureen Duffy, Love Child[17]
- Michael Ffinch, Voices Round a Star
- Veronica Forrest-Thomson, Language-Games
- Elaine Feinstein, The Magic Apple Tree, Hutchinson
- Robert Garioch, pen name of Robert Garioch Sutherland, The Big Music, and Other Poems[17]
- Thom Gunn, Moly, with some poems written under the influence of LSD; others described the experience of taking it
- Adrian Henri, Autobiography[17]
- Geoffrey Hill, Mercian Hymns, prose poems[17]
- James Kirkup, The Body Servant[17]
- Paul Muldoon, Knowing My Place,[17] Northern Ireland native published in the United Kingdom
- Sylvia Plath, American poet published in the United Kingdom (posthumous):
- Crossing the Water, published this year but containing poems written in 1960 and 1961
- Winter Trees[17]
- Jeremy Robson, editor, The Young British Poets anthology
- Vernon Scannell, Selected Poems
- Jon Silkin, Amana Grass[17]
- Stephen Spender, The Generous Days[17]
- Donald Ward, The Dead Snake
- Patricia Whittaker (poet), The Flying Men
United States
- Dick Allen, Anon and Various Time Machine Poems
- Maya Angelou, Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie
- Gwendolyn Brooks:
- Black Steel: Joe Frazier and Muhammad Ali
- The World of Gwendolyn Brooks
- Aloneness
- Ted Berrigan and Anne Waldman, Memorial Day
- Ted Berrigan, Train Ride
- Paul Blackburn, The Journals: Blue Mounds Entries
- John Ciardi, Lives of X
- Cid Corman, Sun Rock Man (New Directions)
- Ed Dorn:
- Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Back Roads to Far Places (New Directions)
- Robert Fitzgerald, Spring Shade, collected poems and translations, 1931–1970 (New Directions)
- Donald S. Fryer, Songs and Sonnets Atlantean
- Michael S. Harper, History Is Your Own Heartbeat, won the Black Academy of Arts & Letters Award for poetry[19]
- John Hollander, The Night Mirror
- Hugh Kenner, The Pound Era (University of California Press), Canadian writing and published in the United States; criticism
- Galway Kinnell, The Book of Nightmares
- Stanley Kunitz, The Testing Tree
- James McMichael, Against the Falling Evil
- Carl Rakosi, Ere-Voice
- Adrienne Rich, The Will to Change
- Richard Shelton, The Tattooed Desert
- Charles Simic, Dismantling the Silence
- Clark Ashton Smith, Selected Poems
- Richard Wilbur, translator, The School for Wives by Molière (in verse)
- James Wright, Collected Poems, including 30 new poems
Other in English
- Kofi Awoonor, Night of My Blood, Ghana
- John Figueroa, editor, Caribbean Voices, anthology, Evans Brothers, Caribbean[20]
- Oswald Mbuyiseni Mtshali, Sounds of a Cowhide Drum, South Africa
- Geoff Page and Philip Roberts, Two Poets, St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, Australia
- Chris Wallace-Crabbe, Australia:
- Editor: Australian Poetry 1971, anthology, Sydney: Angus & Robertson
- Where the Wind Came, Sydney: Angus and Robertson
Works published in other languages
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
Denmark
- Jørgen Leth, Eventyret om den sædvanlige udsigt
- Klaus Rifbjerg, Mytologi
Canada, in French
- Jacques Brault, La Poésie ce matin (published in Paris)
- Raoul Duguay, L'Apokalypso
- Paul-Marie Lapointe, Le Réel absolu (Editions de l'Hexagone)
- Gilbert Langevin:
- Ouvrir le feu
- Stress
- Rina Lasnier, La Salle des rêves
- Olivier Marchand, Par Détresse et tendresse (Editions de l'Hexagone)
- Pierre Nepveu, Voies rapides, Montréal: HMH[21]
- Claude Péloquin, Pour la Grandeur de l'Homme
France
- Anne-Marie Albiach, Etat[22]
- M. Bataille, Le Cri dans le mur
- L. Bérimont, L'Évidence même
- Yves Bonnefoy, ' 'Traité du pianiste
- René Char:
- L'Honneur devant Dieu
- Le nu perdu ("Nakedness Lost")[23]
- P. Damarix, L'Expérience magique
- Alain Delahaye, L'Eveil des traversees[22]
- Jean Follain, Éspaces d'instants, the poet was killed in an accident days after publication
- Robert Marteau, Sibylles[22]
- Francis Ponge, La Fabrique du Pré[22]
- Jacques Roubaud, Octavio Paz, Charles Tomlinson and Edoardo Sanguineti, Renga[22]
Anthologies
- J. L. Bédouin, editor, La Poésie Surréaliste
- Pierre Seghers, editor, La Poésie symboliste
Hebrew
- Leah Goldberg, Shearit ha-Chaim (posthumous)
- I. Efros, Shirim, collected poems
- D. Avidan, Shirim Hitzoniim
- Y. Amichai, Al Menat Lo Lizkor
- N. Yonatan, Shirim ba-Arov ha-Yam
- D. Pagis, Gilgul
- R. Adi, Mishaa le-Shaa
- A. Eldon, Levado ba-Zerem ha-Koved
- R. Shani, Shalom la-Adoni ha-Melech
- M. Meir, ha-Aretz Hahi Mitahat la-Mayim
- M. Oren, Adam Muad
- M. Megged, editor, Shirim Liriim, anthology of modern Hebrew poetry
- E. Silberschlag, Igrotai le-Dorot Aherim
- R. Avinoam, be-Misholai
- R. Lee, El Parvarai ha-Shemesh
Hungary
- György Petri, Magyarázatok M. számára
India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:
Assamese
- Hiren Bhattacharya, Mor Des Mor Premar Kavita ("Poems of My Country and of My Love"); Assamese language[24]
- Nilmani Phookan; Assamese language:
Other languages in India
- K. Satchidanandan, Malayalam-language:
- Nirendranath Chakravarti, Ulongo Raja, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers; Bengali-language[28]
- Udaya Narayana Singh, Amrtasya Putraah, Calcutta: Lok Sahitya Parishad, Maithili-language[29]
- Vinod Kumar Shukla, Lagbhag Jai Hind, Sindhi: Ashok Vajpeyi; Hindi-language[30]
Italy
- Attilio Bertolucci, Viaggio d'inverno ("Winter Voyage"), marking a change of style in the author's poetry
- Libero De Libero, Di brace in brace[31]
- Eugenio Montale:
Norway
- Hans Borli, Isfuglen
- Alfred Hauge, Det evige sekund
- Peter R. Holm, Synslinjer
- Ernst Orvil, Dikt i utvalg
- Sigmund Skard, Popel ved flypass
Brazil
- Joaquim Cardozo, De uma noite de festa
- Murilo Mendes, Convergência
- Henriqueta Lisboa, Nova lírica
- Manuel Bandeira, Meus pemas perferidos, a selection from previous books
- Foed Castro Chamma, O andarilho e a aurora
- Anderson Braga Horta, Altiplano
Latin America
- Delmira Agustini, Poesías completas, prólogue and notes by Manuel Alvar, posthumously published (died 1914), Barcelona: Editorial Labor, Uruguayan poet published in Spain[33]
- Herberto Padilla, Por el momento, published before his arrest in Cuba (see Events above)
- Roberto Fernández Retamar, A quien pueda interesar (Cuba)
- José Lezama Lima, Poesía completa (Cuba)
- Ernesto Mejía Sánchez, Estelas/homenajes (Nicaragua)
- Carlos Solórzano, Las celdas (Guatemala)
- Five authors, including Agustín del Rosario, Poesía joven de Panamá
- M.L. Mendoza, Con él, conmigo, con nosotros tres
Spain
- Delmira Agustini, Poesías completas, prólogue and notes by Manuel Alvar, posthumously published (died 1914), Barcelona: Editorial Labor, Uruguayan poet published in Spain[33]
- Vicente Aleixandre, Poesía superrealista
- Justo Jorge Padrón, Los oscuros fuegos
- José Angel Valente, Las palabras de la tribu, essays
- José María Valverde, Enseñanzas de la edad, 1945–70
Sweden
- Ylva Eggehorn, Ska vi dela
- Bo Setterlind, Himlen har landat
- Karl Vennberg, Sju ord pa tunnelbanan
- Lars Forssell, Oktober dikter ("October Poems")
- Gören Palm, Varför har nätterna inga namn?
- Kerstin Thorvall, Följetong i skärt och svart
Yiddish
- Brakha Coodley, Not on Bread Alone
- Leo Kussman, Ballads of a Generation
- Berl Siegal, Poems for Children
- Mier Shtiker, Jewish Landscape, Volume 2
- M. M. Saffir, Creator of Various Dreams
- Menakhem Stern, Songs at Midnight
- Rochelle Weprinski, The Only Star
- Aaron Zeitlin, Poems of Destruction and Faith
- Joseph Kerler, Song Between Teeth
- Jacob Sternberg, The Circle of Years
Other
- Simin Behbahani, Rastakhiz ("Resurrection"), Persia
- Paul Celan, Snow Part (Schneepart), German
- Odysseus Elytis, Ο ήλιος ο ηλιάτορας ("The Sovereign Sun"), Greece
- Alan Llwyd, Y March Hud ("The Magic Horse"), Welsh
- F. Pratz, Deutsche Gedichte von 1900 bis zur Gegenwart, anthology, German[34]
- Ndoc Gjetja, Rrezatim ("Radiation"), his first book of poetry; Albania[35]
- Seán Ó Ríordáin, Línte Liombó (Limbo Lines), Irish language in Ireland[36]
- Siegbert Prawer, editor, Seventeen Modern German Poets, anthology published by Oxford University Press in the United Kingdom, poems in German[34]
- Hans Verhagen, Duizenden zonsondergangen ("Thousands of sunsets"), Netherlands
Awards and honors
- Nobel Prize in Literature: Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet and diplomat
Canada
- See 1971 Governor General's Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.
United Kingdom
- Alice Hunt Bartlett Prize: Geoffrey Hill, Mercian Hymns
- Cholmondeley Award: Charles Causley, Gavin Ewart, Hugo Williams
- Eric Gregory Award: Martin Booth, Florence Bull, John Pook, D. M. Warman, John Welch
- Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Stephen Spender
- First Whitbread Award for Poetry: Geoffrey Hill, Mercian Hymns
United States
- Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (later the post would be called "Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress"): Josephine Jacobsen appointed this year.
- Bollingen Prize: Richard Wilbur and Mona Van Duyn
- Frost Medal: Melville Cane
- National Book Award for Poetry: Mona Van Duyn, To See, To Take
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: William S. Merwin, The Carrier of Ladders
- Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets: James Wright
Elsewhere
- Goodman Fielder Wattie Book Award for Poetry: Rosemary Rolleston, William & Mary Rolleston
Births
- June 28 – Sophie Hannah, English poet and novelist
- September 27 – Petrus Akkordeon, German poet
- October 18 – Jan Wagner, German poet
- November 18 – Terrance Hayes, American poet
- Jason Walford Davies, Welsh poet and academic
- Matthew Hollis, English poet, literary biographer and editor
Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- January 2 – E. V. Knox (born 1881), English poet and satirist
- May 9 – Ogden Nash, 68, American poet best known for writing pithy and funny light verse
- March 7 – Stevie Smith, 67, British poet and novelist, of a brain tumor
- March 9 – Jean Follain, French poet
- March 17 – Hiraide Shū 平出修 (born 1878), Japanese, late Meiji period novelist, poet, and lawyer; represented defendant in the High Treason Incident; a co-founder of the literary journal Subaru
- June 5 – Clifford Dyment (born 1914), British poet, literary critic and editor, and journalist
- June 6 – Edward Andrade (born 1887), English physicist and poet.
- June 13 – Hinatsu Kōnosuke 日夏耿之介, a pen-name of Higuchi Kunito (born 1890), Japanese, poet, editor and academic known for romantic and gothic poetry patterned after English literature; fervent Roman Catholic, co-founder, with Horiguchi Daigaku and Saijo Yaso, of Shijin ("Poets") magazine
- June 25 – Charles Vildrac, French poet and playwright
- July 3 – Jim Morrison, 27, American singer, songwriter, poet; best known as the lead singer and lyricist of The Doors
- July 13 – R. A. K. Mason (born 1905), New Zealand
- September (exact date not known) — Paul Blackburn, 44, American poet and translator, from esophageal cancer
- September 9 – Lenore G. Marshall, 72
- September 20 or September 21 (sources differ) – Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet and winner of a Nobel Prize for Literature
- October 10 – J. C. Beaglehole (born 1901), New Zealand historian and poet
- November 14 – Kyōsuke Kindaichi 金田一 京助 (born 1882), Japanese linguist and poet, father of linguist Haruhiko Kindaichi
- November 19 – Jacob Glatstein, 75, American Yiddish poet and critic
- November 25 – Andrew Young (born 1885), Scottish-born poet and clergyman
- December 14 – Munir Chowdhury also "Munier Chowdhury" (born 1925), Bengali educator, playwright, literary critic and political dissident
- December 18 – Aleksandr Tvardovsky, 61, Russian poet, editor of the official Soviet literary journal Novy Mir who fought hard to maintain its independence
See also
Notes
- Web page titled "Dictionary of Literary Biography on Joseph Charles Kennedy", at Bookrags website, retrieved March 6, 2009.
- "Louis Dudek: Publications," Canadian Poetry Online, UToronto.ca, Web, May 6, 2011.
- Preminger, Alex and T.V.F. Brogan, et al., editors, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 1993, Princeton University Press and MJF Books, "Canadian Poetry" article, English "Anthologies" section, p. 164.
- "Irving Layton: Publications," Canadian Poetry Online, Web, May 7, 2011.
- Burris Devanney, Sandra Campbell and Domenico Di Nardo. "Kenneth Leslie: A Preliminary Bibliography Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine." Canadian Poetry: Studies/Documents/Reviews No.05 (Fall/Winter 1979), UWO, Web, April 15, 2011.
- "Dorothy Livesay (1909–1996): Works", Canadian Women Poets, Brock University. Web, March 18, 2011.
- "Anne Marriott (1913–1997)", Canadian Woman Poets, BrockU.ca, Web, April 21, 2011.
- Web page titled "Archive: Michael Ondaatje (1943– )" at the Poetry Foundation website, accessed May 7, 2008.
- "Notes on Life and Works Archived August 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine," Selected Poetry of Raymond Souster, Representative Poetry Online, UToronto.ca, Web, May 7, 2011.
- Purnima Mehta, "16. Jayanta Mahapatra: A Silence-bound Pilgrim", pp 184–185, in Indian English Poetry: Critical Perspectives, edited by Jaydipsinh Dodiya, 2000, Delhi: Prabhat Kumar Sharma for Sarup & Sons, ISBN 81-7625-111-9, retrieved via Google Books on July 17, 2010.
- Mehrotra, Arvind Krishna, editor, A History of Indian literature in English, p 259, Columbia University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-231-12810-X, retrieved July 18, 2010.
- Naik, M. K., Perspectives on Indian poetry in English, p. 230, (published by Abhinav Publications, 1984, ISBN 978-0-391-03286-6), retrieved via Google Books, June 12, 2009.
- Web page titled "Suniti Namjoshi" Archived February 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Poetry International website, retrieved July 28, 2010
- Rajyalakshmi, P. V., The Lyric Spring: The Poetic Achievement of Sarojini Naidu, p. 214, Abhinav Publications, 1977.
- Web page titled "Fleur Adcock: New Zealand Literature File" Archived December 21, 2006, at the Wayback Machine at the University of Auckland Library website, accessed April 26, 2008.
- Web page titled "Bob Orr" at Best of New Zealand Poems 2001 website, accessed April 23, 2008.
- Cox, Michael, editor, The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-19-860634-6.
- Web page titled "Archive / Edward Dorn (1929–1999)" at the Poetry Foundation website, retrieved May 8, 2008.
- Web page titled "Michael S. Harper" at the Academy of American Poets website, accessed April 23, 2008.
- Breiner, Laurence A., An Introduction to West Indian Poetry, p. 253, Cambridge University Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0-521-58712-9, retrieved February 7, 2009.
- Web page titled "Pierre Nepveu" Archived November 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine at L’Académie des lettres du Québec website (in French), retrieved October 20, 2010.
- Auster, Paul, editor, The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets, New York: Random House, 1982 ISBN 0-394-52197-8
- Denis Hollier, editor, A New History of French Literature, p 1024, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1989 ISBN 0-674-61565-4.
- George, K. M., editor, Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: An Anthology: Surveys and Poems, p. 65, published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, ISBN 978-81-7201-324-0, retrieved January 8, 2009.
- Web page titled "Nilmani Phookan" at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved July 16, 2010
- Web page titled "K. Satchidanandan" Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Poetry International website, retrieved July 11, 2010
- Resume for K. Satchidanandan titled "K. Satchidanandan/Bio data: Highlights" at the National Translation Mission website, retrieved July 11, 2010
- Web page title "Nirendranath Chakravarti" Archived February 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, at the Poetry International website, retrieved July 15, 2010.
- Web page title "Udaya Narayana Singh" Archived January 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, at the Poetry International website, retrieved August 2, 2010.
- Web page titled "Vinod Kumar Shukla" at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved August 3, 2010.
- Britannica Book of the Year 1974 (for events of 1973), "Literature" article, "Italian" section, page 438, mentioned this book in passing, from an earlier year than the events covered in the volume
- Eugenio Montale, Collected Poems 1920–1954, translated and edited by Jonathan Galassi, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998, ISBN 0-374-12554-6
- Web page titled "Delmira Agustini" Archived September 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine at the Universitat Jaume's "Modernismo en España e Hispanoamérica" website, retrieved September 1, 2011
- Preminger, Alex and T. V. F. Brogan, et al., editors, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 1993, Princeton University Press and MJF Books, "German Poetry" article, "Anthologies in German" section, pp. 473–474.
- "Ndoc Gjetja, hera e fundit në bibliotekën publike", June 8, 2010, Telegrafi of Pristina (Google translation of Web page), retrieved June 10, 2010
- Boylan, Henry (1998). A Dictionary of Irish Biography (3rd ed.). Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. p. 350. ISBN 0-7171-2945-4.
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