1979 Chicago mayoral election

In the 1979 Chicago mayoral election, Democrat Jane Byrne defeated Republican Wallace Johnson by a landslide 66 percent margin of victory, winning more than 82 percent of the vote and becoming Chicago's first female mayor, and the first female mayor of any major American city.[2]

1979 Chicago mayoral election

April 3, 1979
Turnout61%[1] 21 pp
 
Nominee Jane Byrne Wallace D. Johnson
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 700,874 137,664
Percentage 82.1% 16.1%

Mayor before election

Michael A. Bilandic
Democratic

Elected Mayor

Jane Byrne
Democratic

Byrne's 82 percent of the vote is the most any candidate has received in a Chicago mayoral election.

Primaries and nominations

Democratic primary

In what was regarded to be a major upset to the Chicago Democratic political machine, Jane Byrne succeeded in pulling off an insurgent challenge to incumbent mayor Michael Bilandic.[3]

Byrne, whom Bilandic had previously fired from the post of the city's Commissioner of Consumer Sales in 1977,[3][4] had launched an underdog challenge to Bilandic, who had received the backing of the Cook County Democratic Party.[3]

Turnout in the primary was among the greatest in Chicago mayoral history.[3] By some reports, turnout was 839,443, which was 58.97% of Chicago's 1,423,476 voters.[3] Turnout exceeded the average mayoral primary election turnout in the years since 1955 by more than 10 percentage points.[3]

Byrne was a first-time candidate for elected office.[5] She campaigned as a progressive reformer.[2] Her campaign manager was Don Rose, who had previously served as the Chicago press secretary for Martin Luther King Jr.[2] She attacked alderman such as Edward M. Burke and Ed Vrdolyak as an "evil cabal" who ran the city's government.[2] Her candidacy was seen as a longshot.[2]

Byrne was endorsed by Jesse Jackson.[6]

Byrne had lambasted Bilandic's government's slow response to the 1979 Chicago blizzard, criticism which was greatly credited with fueling her upset victory.[7][8]

Polls, up to the election day, had shown Bilandic in the lead.[2]

Results

 
Chicago Democratic Party Mayoral Primary, 1979[9][10]
Candidate Votes %
Jane Byrne 412,909 51.04%
Michael A. Bilandic (incumbent) 396,194 48.96%
Majority 16,775 2.07%
Total 809,043100.00%

Byrne won a majority of the vote in 29 of the city's 50 wards, with Bilandic winning a majority in the remaining 21 wards.[10] She swept the city's black wards, winning more than 2/3 of votes from them.[3]

Republican primary

Wallace D. Johnson, an investment banker who was the chairman of the firm Howe, Barnes & Johnson Inc.,[3][11] won a landslide victory in the Republican primary over his sole opponent. The total number of votes cast in the Republican primary was 21,144, equal to roughly 2.6% the 809,043 votes cast in the Democratic primary.

Johnson had, from 1970 through 1976, been a member of the Chicago Transit Authority board, where he was involved in creating the Super Transfer and Culture Bus, and in 1973 helped to lay the groundwork for the creation of the Regional Transportation Authority.[11]

Results

 
Chicago Republican Party Mayoral Primary, 1979[12]
Candidate Votes % +/-
Wallace D. Johnson 18,268 86.39% N/A
Raymond G. Wardingley 2,877 13.61% N/A
Majority 15,391 72.79% N/A
Total 21,144100.00% N/A

Socialist Workers nomination

The Socialist Workers Party nominated Andrew Pulley. Pulley was a steelworker that had been the party's vice presidential nominee in 1972.[13][14]

General election

Democrat Byrne had the support of such trade unions as the Chicago Federation of Labor and United Auto Workers.[14]

Republican nominee Johnson failed to attract much support.

Socialist Workers Party nominee Pulley sought to convince voters that neither Democrats nor Republicans offered an adequate alternative for workers.[14] He argued that, despite having support of trade unions, Byrne was "an anti-labor, anti-strike candidate".[14] During his campaign, he urged trade union members to organize to form a labor party in Chicago, urging them to run independent labor candidates in the following year's congressional elections.[14] Pulley, himself a member of United Steelworkers 1066 at U.S. Steel's Gary Works, argued, "If we don't act to establish a political party, the unions will be destroyed."[14]

Results

With 82.05% of the vote, Byrne won the largest vote share in the history of Chicago mayoral elections[15] (excluding the, invalid, April 1876 election). Wallace D. Johnson only carried 2 of the city's 3,100 precincts.[16]

Mayor of Chicago 1979[17] (General Election)
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jane Byrne 700,874 82.05
Republican Wallace D. Johnson 137,663 16.12
Socialist Workers Andrew Pulley 15,625 1.83
Turnout 854,162

Byrne won a majority of the vote in each of the city's 50 wards.[17] In fact, Byrne won all but two of the city's 3,100 precincts.[11]

Results by ward[17]
WardJane Byrne
(Democratic Party)
Wallace D. Johnson
(Republican Party)
Andrew Pulley
(Socialist Workers Party)
Total
Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes
1 10,79986.4%1,49712.0%1971.6%12,493
2 11,27389.3%8636.8%4943.9%12,630
3 9,05091.2%6036.1%2712.7%9,924
4 10,41987.0%1,0488.8%5024.2%11,969
5 11,92979.8%2,04813.7%9716.5%14,948
6 14,02689.5%1,0056.4%6394.1%15,670
7 10,97281.9%1,95614.6%4763.6%13,404
8 15,88189.3%1,0786.1%8234.6%17,782
9 13,44189.2%1,0787.2%5483.6%15,067
10 15,17676.0%4,41122.1%3721.9%19,959
11 22,51189.6%2,4489.7%1600.6%25,119
12 16,58378.8%4,32520.5%1400.7%21,048
13 22,79778.5%6,11321.0%1310.5%29,041
14 13,95783.7%2,53915.2%1851.1%16,681
15 14,22883.5%2,49814.7%3231.9%17,049
16 10,13292.4%5435.0%2892.6%10,964
17 11,96190.7%8276.3%3963.0%13,184
18 18,45383.5%3,28014.8%3741.7%22,107
19 18,44175.3%5,81523.7%2310.9%24,487
20 10,72990.6%7716.5%3442.9%11,844
21 18,49790.3%1,1395.6%8564.2%20,492
22 9,45985.1%1,51913.7%1401.3%11,118
23 20,98980.5%4,92618.9%1550.6%26,070
24 8,38993.1%4204.7%2022.2%9,011
25 10,05689.2%1,1139.9%1020.9%11,271
26 11,39286.4%1,66412.6%1311.0%13,187
27 11,78694.9%4453.6%1911.5%12,422
28 8,33892.8%4234.7%2232.5%8,984
29 8,87091.3%5775.9%2652.7%9,712
30 13,35781.5%2,89017.6%1320.8%16,379
31 12,88690.0%1,3049.1%1290.9%14,319
32 11,28286.4%1,64212.6%1341.0%13,058
33 12,60883.9%2,26615.1%1571.0%15,031
34 15,97191.7%7864.5%6683.8%17,425
35 15,09075.1%4,82024.0%1911.0%20,101
36 20,79077.6%5,82721.7%1890.7%26,806
37 11,49287.3%1,34710.2%3222.4%13,161
38 18,18874.3%6,15025.1%1360.6%24,474
39 14,92977.2%4,26222.0%1470.8%19,338
40 13,06374.7%4,22924.2%1911.1%17,483
41 19,85270.6%8,11928.9%1630.6%28,134
42 13,87677.1%3,86721.5%2601.4%18,003
43 12,94473.3%4,29424.3%4292.4%17,667
44 13,62277.7%3,44619.7%4532.6%17,521
45 19,78672.7%7,25926.7%1830.7%27,228
46 13,13377.7%3,27119.4%4932.9%16,897
47 15,66979.5%3,86319.6%1740.9%19,706
48 11,33574.5%3,56823.4%3172.1%15,220
49 13,41979.0%3,16718.6%4092.4%16,995
50 17,04879.0%4,31420.0%2171.0%21,579
Totals 700,87482.1%137,66316.1%15,6251.8%854,162

References

  1. Denvir, Daniel (May 22, 2015). "Voter Turnout in U.S. Mayoral Elections Is Pathetic, But It Wasn't Always This Way". City Lab (The Atlantic). Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  2. Hautzinger, Daniel (12 March 2019). "Chicago's First (And Only) Female Mayor". WTTW Chicago. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  3. Kneeland, Douglas A. (March 1, 1979). "Jane Byrne's Defeat of Mayor Shatters Image of Democratic Machine in Chicago". New York Times.
  4. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=266&dat=19771219&id=P5AzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HeEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=923,6168601
  5. Mouat, Lucia (23 August 1982). "Jane Byrne: off and running for reelection in Chicago". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  6. Felsenthal, Carol (14 November 2014). "Remembering Jane Byrne". www.chicagomag.com. Chicago magazine. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  7. https://interactive.wttw.com/remembering-chicago/mayor-jane-byrne-1979-1983
  8. "Chicago elects Byrne". Bangor Daily News. Bangor, Me. April 4, 1979. p. 1. Retrieved June 17, 2012 via Google News Archive.
  9. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=8134
  10. http://chicagodemocracy.org/ElectionResults.jsp?election=crdd_primary%2Ccrdd_1979_primary_election%2Cil_chi_mayor
  11. Heise, Kenan (3 December 1993). "WALLACE JOHNSON, BANKER WHO RAN FOR MAYOR IN '79". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  12. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=388002
  13. Martin Waldron. The Socialist Campaign: Low Funds, High Hopes. St. Petersburg Times. January 2, 1972:9-A.
  14. Jenness, Doug (30 March 1979). "Chicago socialist candidate: 'Why workers need a labor party now'" (PDF). The Militant. 43 (12). Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  15. Peterson, Bill (4 April 1979). "Jane Byrne Sweeps to Victory in Chicago's Mayoral Race". Washington Post. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  16. Heise, Kenan (3 December 1994). "WALLACE JOHNSON, BANKER WHO RAN FOR MAYOR IN '79". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  17. "Election Results for 1979 General Election, Mayor, Chicago, IL".
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