1997 Conservative Party leadership election

The 1997 Conservative Party leadership election was triggered in the British Conservative Party when John Major resigned on 2 May 1997, following his party's landslide defeat at the 1997 general election, which ended 18 years of Conservative Government of the United Kingdom.[1] Major had been Conservative leader and Prime Minister since November 1990.[1]

1997 Conservative Party leadership election
10–19 June 1997 (1997-06-10 – 1997-06-19)
 
Candidate William Hague Kenneth Clarke John Redwood
First ballot 41 (25.0%) 49 (29.9%) 27 (16.5%)
Second ballot 62 (37.8%) 64 (39.0%) 38 (23.2%)
Third ballot 90 (55.2%) 72 (44.2%) Eliminated
 
Candidate Peter Lilley Michael Howard
First ballot 24 (14.6%) 23 (14.0%)
Second ballot Withdrew Eliminated
Third ballot Withdrew Eliminated
Leader before election

John Major

 Elected Leader

William Hague

Candidates

Announced
Clarke (pictured) had led the first two rounds of balloting but lost in the final run-off against Hague.

The following candidates announced their intention to stand:

Announced but withdrew
  • Stephen Dorrell – withdrew in favour of Clarke before the ballot.[1] Dorrell had the support of 8 or 9 MPs, some of whom did not transfer their support to Clarke due to his pro-European opinions.[2]

Declined candidates
  • Michael Heseltine – had been widely expected to contest the leadership but declined to do so following health concerns. Heseltine supported Kenneth Clarke during the contest.[3]

Not an MP at the time

In the months before the general election a number of other prominent Conservatives were talked about as potential leaders; however, several failed to hold their seats in the general election including the following:

In addition, many had speculated about Chris Patten returning to Westminster (he had lost his seat in the 1992 election) and becoming leader; however, the contest took place before Patten's term of office as Governor of Hong Kong ended.

Results
First ballot: 10 June 1997
Candidate Votes %
Kenneth Clarke 49 29.9
William Hague 41 25.0
John Redwood 27 16.5
Peter Lilley 24 14.6
Michael Howard 23 14.0
Turnout 164 100
Second ballot required

Howard was eliminated. He was regarded as a serious contender but had been damaged by the criticisms of Ann Widdecombe (who had served under him at the Home Office) that he had "something of the night about him"[4] and by the decision of William Hague, who had originally agreed to support Howard and become Deputy Leader, to stand in his own right.[1]

Peter Lilley withdrew voluntarily. He and Howard gave their backing to William Hague.[1][5]

Second round
Second ballot: 17 June 1997
Candidate Votes %
Kenneth Clarke 64 39.0
William Hague 62 37.8
John Redwood 38 23.2
Turnout 164 100
Third ballot required

Redwood was eliminated.

Final round
William Hague won the 1997 Conservative Party leadership election

For the final round, Clarke, facing likely defeat by Hague, offered to stand aside in Michael Heseltine's favour. Heseltine was less unpopular with eurosceptics than Clarke, who was seen as the main Conservative Party champion of potential British membership of the planned euro. Heseltine, who had had a stent fitted after an attack of angina the day after the General Election, was tempted by the offer, but declined on medical advice.[6][7]

Redwood gave his backing to Clarke, an unusual development in that Redwood (eurosceptic) and Clarke (europhile) held opposite views on the main issue of dispute amongst Conservatives.[8] In return for the endorsement, it was generally understood that Clarke would name Redwood Shadow Chancellor.[1]

This pact backfired, however, and the agreement was seen as so cynical that it drew comparison to the Nazi–Soviet Pact of the late 1930s.[8] It prompted former Conservative Prime Minister Baroness Thatcher to publicly endorse Hague.[8] In the event, most of Redwood's supporters switched to Hague rather than to Clarke.

Third ballot: 19 June 1997
Candidate Votes %
William Hague 90 55.2
Kenneth Clarke 72 44.2
Abstentions 1 0.6
Turnout 163 99.4
William Hague elected

Julian Lewis announced that he was the only MP who did not vote.

Aftermath

Under William Hague's leadership, the party would fail to make any significant advance at the 2001 general election, and he was succeeded by Iain Duncan Smith.

In 1998, the system of leadership elections was altered to one where MPs vote in rounds to select a shortlist of two candidates, who are then presented to the mass membership to choose. This system was first used in the 2001 leadership election and a modified form of these rules remains in place today.

An incumbent leader can still be ousted by a no confidence vote of Conservative MPs, as was done to Iain Duncan Smith in October 2003. A leader could therefore (in principle) be ousted by MPs despite still enjoying the support of the mass membership.

References
  1. "The 1997 Conservative Leadership Contest". BBC Politics 97. BBC. 1997. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  2. "Dorrell Pulls Out of Leadership Race". BBC Politics 97. BBC. 1997. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  3. "Kenneth Clarke". BBC Politics 97. BBC. 1997. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  4. "Howard Under Attack by Former Minister". BBC Politics 97. BBC. 1997. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  5. "Lilley and Howard Quit Leadership Race". BBC Politics 97. BBC. 1997. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  6. Michael Heseltine, Life in the Jungle, Hodder & Stoughton, 2000, ISBN 0-340-73915-0, pp. 532–4.
  7. Clarke 2016, p. 399.
  8. "John Redwood". BBC Politics 97. BBC. 1997. Retrieved 19 June 2012.

Books used for references
  • Kenneth Clarke, Kind of Blue, Macmillan, 2016, ISBN 1-509-83719-1
  • Michael Heseltine, Life in the Jungle, Hodder & Stoughton, 2000, ISBN 0-340-73915-0
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