2009 in archaeology

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The year 2009 in archaeology

Excavations

Finds

Events

  • January: A new analysis of old excavation reports, combined with newly done fieldwork, leads researches to conclude that the Sassanid Persian besiegers used poison gas against the Roman defenders during the Fall of Dura Europos.[37] The gas, made by adding sulfur crystals and bitumen to prepared fires, was used in tunnels undermining the walls. Almost two dozen Roman soldiers were killed.
  • February: Egypt renews its request for the return of the famous bust of Nefertiti from the Egyptian Museum of Berlin in Germany, after an article by Der Spiegel reports that German archaeologists deceived Egyptians about the worth of the piece after its initial discovery.[38]
  • February: Bulgarian archaeologists report that looters have plundered a partially excavated Roman site near Rousse.[39]
  • February: Experimental archaeology on replicas of the cannons found on a sunken Elizabethan warship indicate that the British employed revolutionary naval tactics at the time, explaining the rise of British marine power during the 16th century.[40]
  • February: An auction at Christie's in Paris, France, makes a record-breaking 370 million euros (US$490 million). The auction sells of the private collection of Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé, which includes Greek and Roman sculptures. The selling of two Chinese bronze pieces is controversial. They were looted in the 19th century, prompting China to demand restitution.[41][42]
  • 20 June: The Acropolis Museum in Athens is officially opened.[43]

Publications

  • January: A publication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences finds no evidence of a single event causing many simultaneous fires throughout North America nearly 13,000 years ago, contradicting the theory that a comet explosion may have caused the Quaternary extinction event.[44]
  • February: The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany publishes the first draft of the Neanderthal genome, covering 63% of the 3.2 billion base pairs.[45]
  • February: A publication in Science discusses the results from a study into over a dozen early hominid footprints, discovered over the last couple of years in Kenya. The prints date back 1.5 million years and were most likely produced by several individuals of the species Homo erectus. The results confirm that hominids evolved a modern walking gait even before Homo sapiens existed.[46]
  • March: British archaeologists publishing in Science lay out new evidence confirming that the Botai culture in prehistoric Kazakhstan may have been the first to domesticate horses, during the 4th millennium BC.[47][48]
  • March: At a conference in Rome, scientists report that a new analysis of frescoes in the Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi reveals that they were covered in cow's milk. The milk was used as a binder for the paint. The fragments were analyzed as part of a restoration project, after a 1997 earthquake caused part of the vault to collapse.[49]
  • Mark S. Anderson – Marothodi: the historical archaeology of an African capital (Atikkam).[50]
  • Ann Garrison Darrin and Beth Laura O'Leary – Handbook of space engineering, archaeology and heritage.[51]
  • Vincent Gaffney, Simon Fitch and David Smith – Europe’s Lost World: the Rediscovery of Doggerland (Council for British Archaeology).[52]

Deaths

References

  1. Gillott, Emily (2010). "A cast iron legacy". In Belford, Paul; et al. (eds.). Footprints of Industry. Oxford: Archaeopress. pp. 107–14. ISBN 978-1-4073-0727-5.
  2. Mummy of female pharaoh uncovered, by the BBC retrieved 9 February 2009
  3. Malaysia says 1.8 million-year-old axes unearthed, by the Associated Press retrieved 11 February 2009
  4. New evidence of the cult of Zeus is 3,200 years old, by The Philadelphia Inquirer retrieved 14 February 2009
  5. China Exclusive: Archaeologists unearth earliest man-made cave houses, by the Xinhua News Agency retrieved 14 February 2009
  6. Oldest Human Hair Found in Hyena Poop Fossil?, by National Geographic retrieved 11 February 2009
  7. Chamber of mummies found in Egypt, by the BBC retrieved 9 February 2009
  8. 3,960 yr old organic material found in Pakistan points to continuity of Indus Valley civilization, by Thaindian News retrieved 14 February 2009
  9. Aztec 'warrior' mass grave found, by the BBC retrieved 14 February 2009
  10. Mexico mass grave may be Aztec resistance fighters, by the Associated Press retrieved 14 February 2009
  11. Archaeologists dig up rare medieval waterwheel, by the East London Advertiser retrieved 18 February 2009
  12. Major cache of fossils unearthed in L.A., by the Los Angeles Times retrieved 18 February 2009
  13. Fragments of Ancient Egyptian Papyrus Found, by Discovery News retrieved 27 February 2009
  14. I faraoni scomparsi nel buco Archived 23 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, by La Stampa retrieved 27 February 2009
  15. Ancient tomb rediscovered under sands of Egypt, by the Associated Press retrieved 2 March 2009
  16. ‘Royal granddaughter’s tomb’ found near Cairo, by The Times retrieved 4 March 2009
  17. Des archéologues japonais affirment avoir découvert le tombeau d'une princesse égyptienne Archived 6 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, by RTL retrieved 4 March 2009
  18. Civil War-Era Shipwreck Uncovered by Hurricane Ike, by Fox News Channel retrieved 11 March 2009. Archived 11 September 2009.
  19. "Battle for the treasure chest that changed the course of the Great War". The Independent. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  20. (in Dutch) Grote muntschat gevonden in Groningen, by De Telegraaf retrieved 5 June 2009. Archived 11 September 2009.
  21. (in Dutch) Oude Groningse vuilstort geeft muntschat prijs, by Nederlands Dagblad retrieved 5 June 2009
  22. (in Dutch) Romeinse muur ontdekt onder Utrechts Domplein, by NU.nl retrieved 7 June 2009. Archived 11 September 2009.
  23. Sea gives up Neanderthal fossil, by the BBC retrieved 16 June 2009
  24. (in Dutch) De eerste Nederlandse Neanderthaler, by Leiden University retrieved 16 June 2009. Archived 11 September 2009.
  25. "Dismembered skeletons discovered". BBC News. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  26. "Neolithic Age: Prehistoric Complex Including Two 6,000-year-old Tombs Discovered in Britain". Science Daily. 9 June 2009.
  27. "Huge Anglo-Saxon gold hoard found". BBC News. 24 September 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
  28. Kennedy, Maev (25 September 2009). "A beep, and Mr Lucky opened the door on a lost world". The Guardian. pp. 6–7.
  29. Pett, Daniel (7 September 2009). "Recent discovery of a Roman Coin Hoard in the Shrewsbury Area". Portable Antiquities Scheme. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
  30. Keys, David (11 August 2009). "Ancient royal tomb found in Scotland". The Independent. London. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
  31. "Neolithic 'temple' revealed at site on Orkney". The Herald. Glasgow. 14 August 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
  32. "Scottish treasure trove revealed". BBC News Online. 2 September 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  33. "Rising seas 'clue' in sunken world off Orkney". BBC News Scotland. 17 December 2009. Archived from the original on 17 December 2009. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  34. Fogarty, Philippa (30 December 2014). "The search for Australia's lost hospital ship". BBC News Australia. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  35. "The Rutland Island Wreck". Archaeology Ireland: 38–40. Autumn 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  36. Starr, Michelle (23 July 2019). "A 500-Year-Old Shipwreck Has Turned Up Perfectly Intact on Bottom of The Baltic Sea". sciencealert.
  37. Earliest Chemical Warfare Felled Roman Fort Archived 3 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, by Discovery News retrieved 9 February 2009
  38. Egyptian Queen in Berlin: Cairo Demands Clarification on Nefertiti Bust, by Der Spiegel retrieved 14 February 2009
  39. Roman fortress near Rousse ravished by treasure-hunters, by The Sofia Echo retrieved 14 February 2009
  40. 'Superguns' of Elizabeth I's navy, by the BBC retrieved 21 February 2009
  41. Yves of destruction: Paris queues ahead of great Saint Laurent sell-off, by The Guardian retrieved 2 March 2009
  42. Record-breaking YSL art auction shrugs off crisis, by Reuters retrieved 2 March 2009
  43. Beard, Mary (2010). The Parthenon (Rev. ed.). London: Profile. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-84668-349-7.
  44. Mammoth-killing comet questioned, by the BBC retrieved 23 February 2009.
  45. Team in Germany maps Neanderthal genome, by the Associated Press retrieved 14 February 2009.
  46. Prints Are Evidence of Modern Foot in Prehumans, by The New York Times retrieved 26 February 2009.
  47. Horses first domesticated 5,000 years ago, by the Associated Press retrieved 8 March 2009.
  48. Hoe het paard tot ons kwam, by de Volkskrant retrieved 8 March 2009. Archived 11 September 2009.
  49. Rossella Lorenzi (10 March 2009), Francis Basilica Frescoes Bound With Milk, Discovery News, archived from the original on 8 October 2012
  50. Wynne-Jones, Stephanie; Fleisher, Jeffrey (2015). Theory in Africa, Africa in Theory: Locating Meaning in Archaeology. Routledge. ISBN 9781317506829.
  51. CRC Press. ISBN 9781420084313.
  52. "Europe's Lost World: the Rediscovery of Doggerland, by Gaffney Vince, Fitch Simon & Smith David, 2009. York: Council for British Archaeology. (CBA Research Report 160.); ISBN 978-1-902771-77-9, paperback £12 & US$30; xxi+202 pp., many col. pls., 119 figs". Cambridge Archaeological Journal: 145–146. 2010. doi:10.1017/S095977431000017X. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  53. Lohman, Jack (28 April 2009). "Alan Vince - Obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
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