2020s

The 2020s (pronounced "twenty-twenties", shortened to "the '20s"[1][2]) is the current decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 2020, and will end on 31 December 2029. It is the third and current decade of the 21st century.

Millennium: 3rd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • By topic
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments
Scanning electron microscope image of SARS-CoV-2 (center, yellow), the virus that causes COVID-19, which became a pandemic in the year 2020.

As the decade began, the COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world, causing widespread social and economic disruption.

Politics and conflicts
Main article: 2020s in political history

Conflicts and peace
Main article: List of wars: 2003–present

The prominent wars of the decade include:

International wars
Name Start date End date Description
Israeli–Palestinian conflict 14 May 1948 Ongoing The conflict between Jewish and Arab communities in Israel and the West Bank has been ongoing since 1948.[3] After Israel occupied the West Bank, it began making settlements there, which has been an obstacle to the peace process.[4] Tensions remained high as Hamas, which controls the Gaza Strip, launched rockets and cross-border raids into Israeli territory, to which Israel responded with military force.[5]
Kurdish-Turkish conflict 27 November 1978 Ongoing Numerous Kurdish groups, including the Kurdistan Workers' Party (the PKK) have fought for an independent Kurdistan incorporating parts of Turkey. In 2016, Turkey has occupied parts of Northern Syria and in 2019, invaded Kurdish-held areas of Northern Syria. In 2020, Turkey launched an insurgency in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict February 1988 Ongoing The region of Karabakh has been disputed over the Republic of Artsakh, which is supported by the Armenian government. A ceasefire was held in 1994. In July 2020, a series of border skirmishes left at least 15 dead. From September–November 2020, a second war broke out in the region, in which Azerbaijan ended up emerging victorious.
War on terror 11 September 2001
  • 7 October 2001
  • 20 March 2003
 Ongoing Motivated by the September 11 attacks, the United States and other governments started a large scale effort to eliminate terrorism.[6] With support from NATO, the United States invaded Taliban-controlled Afghanistan and overthrew the government, however remained in the country to stabilise the situation.[7] Two years later, on the pretext that the government of Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction,[8] the United States and a coalition of partners invaded Iraq and overthrew Hussein's regime,[9] after which the U.S. occupied the country, officially leaving in 2011.[10] However, insurgencies remained active in both countries, long after the invasions.[11]
Russian military intervention in Ukraine 20 February 2014 Ongoing After the fall of Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych, Russian soldiers took control of strategic positions in the Ukrainian territory of Crimea and subsequently annexed the region after a controversial referendum.[12] In the months that followed, demonstrations in Donbass escalated into an armed conflict between the government of Ukraine and Russia-backed separatist forces.
Military intervention against ISIL 13 June 2014 Ongoing In late-2013, a terrorist organisation called the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant began making rapid advances and territorial gains in Iraq and Syria. It captured Mosul in June[13] and made Raqqa its capital.[14] Various international coalitions were formed to help fight the militants.[15][16] By December 2017, ISIL had lost much of its former territory.
Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen 26 March 2015 Ongoing During the Yemeni Civil War, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and other countries part of a coalition invaded parts of Yemen in order to depose the Houthi-controlled government.
Turkish occupation of northern Syria 24 August 2016 Ongoing During the Syrian Civil War, Turkey invaded parts of northern Syria in order to combat the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Syrian Democratic Forces, and the PKK.

Civil wars
Name Start date End date Description
War in Darfur 26 February 2003 Ongoing
Mexican drug war 11 December 2006 Ongoing Following a rise in criminal violence as a result of drug trafficking in the country, Mexican President Felipe Calderón declared a war on drugs in December 2006.[17] Since the start of the war, the death toll from drug violence had sharply increased.[18] Arrests of key cartel leaders led to increasing violence as cartels fought for control of trafficking routes into the United States.[19][20][21]
War in Somalia 31 January 2009 Ongoing In 2009, Al-Shabaab, an Islamist militant group, began waging an insurgency against the newly formed Transitional Federal Government. In 2011, the federal government captured Mogadishu[22] and subsequently retook several towns across the country.[23] Since then, the government has attempted to clean out the remaining Al-Shabaab strongholds with help from AMISOM soldiers.[24]
Mali War 16 January 2012 Ongoing In January 2012, a rebellion by Tuaregs in Northern Mali began. After Malian president Amadou Toumani Touré was ousted in a coup d'état, Tuaregs captured Northern Mali,[25] and declared it to be the independent state of Azawad.[26] However, shortly afterward, various Islamists groups took over Northern Mali from the Tuaregs and imposed sharia law on the region.[27]
South Sudanese Civil War 15 December 2013 22 February 2020
Second Libyan Civil War 16 May 2014 Ongoing Following the factional violence that engulfed Libya after the fall of Muammar al-Gaddafi, a second civil war broke out among rival factions seeking control of the territory and oil of Libya. The conflict at the beginning was mostly between the House of Representatives (HoR) government that was controversially elected in 2014, also known as the "Tobruk government"; and the rival General National Congress (GNC) government, also called the "National Salvation Government", based in the capital Tripoli, established after Operation Odyssey Dawn and the failed military coup.
Yemeni Civil War 19 March 2015 Ongoing Preceded by a decade-long Houthi insurgency,[28] the Yemeni Civil War began between two factions: the then-incumbent Yemeni government, led by Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, and the Houthi militia, along with their supporters and allies. Both claim to constitute the Yemeni government.[29]
Philippine drug war 30 June 2016 Ongoing Following a rise in criminal violence as a result of drug trafficking in the country, the Philippines has been engaged in a drug war since Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte was inaugurated on 30 June 2016. It has caused 3,000 deaths.[30]
Iraqi insurgency 9 December 2017 Ongoing A part of the larger Iraqi conflict that has been waged since 2003, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has been engaged in an insurgency against the Iraqi government and CJTF-OIR since the loss of territorial control in the Iraqi Civil War in 2017.
Main article: List of protests in the 21st century

Terrorist attacks
Main article: List of terrorist incidents § 1970–present

Note: To be included, entries must be notable (have a stand-alone article) and described by a consensus of reliable sources as "terrorism". They also must have 100 or more fatalities reported.

Further information: 2020s in political history

Deaths

Αs did former leaders Hosni Mubarak,[31] Valery Giscard d'Estaing,[32] John Turner and Daniel arap Moi.

Coups
Event Date Country Ref.
Malian coup d'état 18 August 2020  Mali
Myanmar coup d'état 1 February 2021  Myanmar

Africa
Further information: Category:2020s in Africa, 2020 in West Africa, 2020 in North Africa, 2020 in Middle Africa, 2020 in East Africa, and 2020 in Southern Africa
Event Country Date Description References

Americas
Event Country Date Description References
First Impeachment of Donald Trump 24 September 2019 – 5 February 2020 Under Article I, Section 3, Clause 6, of the U.S. Constitution, President Donald Trump was impeached for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress on 18 December 2019 by the United States House of Representatives. The United States Senate trial began on 16 January 2020 and ended on 5 February 2020, concluding with an acquittal on both charges. [33]
2020 United States presidential election 3 November 2020 The 59th United States presidential election was held on 3 November 2020. Democrat and former Vice-President Joe Biden defeated Republican incumbent President Donald Trump, with the Electoral College formally declaring Biden the winner on 14 December 2020.[34] Trump refused to concede, and filed lawsuits challenging the results in several states,[35][36] though most of the legal challenges have been either dismissed or dropped, with judges citing lack of evidence to suggest voter fraud occurred.[37][38] Trump had also unsuccessfully attempt to undo the election results by forcing government officials to block Pennsylvania and four other states from certifying Biden as the winner,[39] and urging his supporters to "walk" to the United States capitol to demand Trump be declared the winner of the election.[40]
2021 storming of the United States Capitol 6 January 2021 Supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump gathered in Washington, D.C., to protest against the result of the 2020 presidential election, and support Trump's demand for Vice President Mike Pence and the United States Congress to reject President Joe Biden's victory. Following a rally nearby, hundreds of Trump supporters broke into the Capitol building during a Joint session of Congress to disrupt the counting of the electoral votes.[41][42]
Second impeachment of Donald Trump 13 January 2021 President Donald Trump was impeached for the second time by the House of Representatives, on this occasion for insurrection in relation to the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, which left five people dead, including one law enforcement officer.[43] Trump became the first U.S. President to be impeached twice.[44]
Inauguration of Joe Biden 20 January 2021 Democrat Joe Biden became the 46th and current President of the United States after his successful victory of the 2020 presidential election. Joe Biden had also previously served as the Vice President to 44th President of the United States Barack Obama. Republican and former President Donald Trump has delivered his farewell address the previous day, and he refused to attend Biden's ceremony.[45] In addition, Kamala Harris became the first female to assume the role of Vice President, in addition to becoming the first Black American and the first Asian American to become Vice President.[46]

Asia
Event Country Date Description Reference
2019–2021 Persian Gulf crisis 5 May 2019 The Persian Gulf region saw tensions between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran escalate in mid-2019. The crisis saw oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz sabotaged and seized, drone shootdowns, and efforts by the U.S. and United Kingdom to pursue military patrols to protect shipping in the gulf, known as the International Maritime Security Construct. On 31 December 2019 tensions reached a breaking point as Iranian-backed Shiite militia stormed into the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq, leading to the targeted killing of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani in a U.S. drone strike on 3 January 2020. [47]

[48] [49]

2020 China–India skirmishes 5 May 2020 Since 5 May 2020, Chinese and Indian troops have engaged in aggressive melee, face-offs and skirmishes at locations along the Sino-Indian border, including near the disputed Pangong Lake in Ladakh and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and near the border between Sikkim and the Tibet Autonomous Region. Additional clashes also took place at locations in eastern Ladakh along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). [50]
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war 27 September 2020 Starting on 27 September fierce clashes erupted along the line of contact between the armed forces of Azerbaijan and Joint Artsakh and Armenian forces. Both sides neglected ceasefire demands from France, Russia and the US and continued fighting with claims from both sides that they are prepared to fight a longwar to grapple control over the long contested Nagorno-Karabakh region. On 9 November a Russian-brokered peace treaty was signed by both sides.[51][52] [53]

Europe
Event Country Date Description References
Brexit 31 January 2020 The United Kingdom and Gibraltar formally withdrew from the European Union at 11PM (GMT). [54]

World leaders
2020 – 2021

Assassinations and attempts
Further information: List of assassinations

Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include:

Date Description
3 January 2020 Qasem Soleimani, a high-ranking Iranian official, was killed in a United States airstrike near Baghdad International Airport.[55]
27 November 2020 Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, a senior official in the nuclear program in Iran, was killed by explosive trucks that ambushed him near Tehran.[56]

Disasters

Aviation
Event Date Country Description
Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 9 January 2021 Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 crashed into the Java Sea shortly after take-off from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Jakarta, killing all 62 people on board.

General
Event Date Country Description
2020 Beirut explosion 4 August 2020 Beirut, Lebanon Massive explosion occurred in the port of Beirut. Reportedly, the blast was so loud that it was even claimed to be heard in Cyprus, which is 240 km from the location of the explosion.[57] The windows of major buildings in a 6-mile radius were shattered and roads were filled with debris. According to initial findings, it was estimated that a warehouse with 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate exploded, which was confiscated by the Lebanese government from the abandoned ship MV Rhosus and then stored in the port without proper safety measures for six years.[58] There had been confirmed 220 deaths, more than 110 people were missing and at least more than 7,000 were reported injured.[59] Beirut governor Marwan Abboud estimated that up to 300,000 people were left homeless by the explosions and there was a US$10–15 billion in property damage.

Marine
Event Date Country Description

Pollution
Event Date Country Description

Earthquakes and tsunamis
Main article: List of earthquakes in 2020

Note: This table is a chronological list of earthquakes reported with 7.5Mw  or greater or that have reported at least 100 fatalities.

Event Date Country Description
2020 Caribbean earthquake 28 January 2020 Caribbean Sea A 7.7Mw  struck in the Caribbean Sea between Jamaica and Cuba at 14:10 local time on 28 January 2020. The earthquake was also felt in the United States, Mexico, Honduras, Dominican Republic, and the Cayman Islands. This was the strongest earthquake reported in 2020. No damages were reported. A small (12.2 cm) tsunami was reported in the Cayman Islands.[60][61]

Tropical cyclones
Event Date Country Description
Cyclone Amphan 16–21 May 2020 Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka 118 people were killed and millions made homeless in the strongest storm in two decades. Damage was estimated at US$13.2 billion.[62]
Hurricane Laura 20-29 August 2020 Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Gulf Coast of The United States, Midwestern United States 77 People were killed and Thousands made homeless during one of the Strongest storms to make Landfall in the United States. Damages estimated at US$19.1 Billion
Typhoon Vamco (Ulysses) 8-15 November 2020 Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand 102 People were killed During the Typhoon and worsened the effects of the 2020 Central Vietnam Floods, Damages totaled up to US$440.8 million

Tornadoes
Event Date Country Description

Floods, avalanches, and mudslides

Note: This section reports only floods with 200 or more deaths and avalanches and landslides involving 30 or more deaths.

Event Date Country Description
2020 Van avalanches 4–5 February 2020 Turkey Two avalanches in Turkey's eastern Van Province resulted in 41 deaths and 84 injuries.

Volcanic eruptions
Event Date Country Description
2020 Taal Volcano eruption 12 January 2020 – 19 January 2020 On 12 January the Taal Volcano in the Philippines erupted at VEI 4 intensity, bringing intense ashfall to the surrounding areas and killing at least 3 people.

Droughts, heat waves, and wildfires
Event Date Country Description
2019–20 Australian bushfire season June 2019 – May 2020 Bushfires in Australia continued into 2020, having started in September 2019.[63]
2020 Western U.S. Wildfires March 2020 – December 2020 Record-breaking wildfires began in several Western American states.
2020–21 Argentine wildfires July 2020 – Ongoing Sudden wildfires started in Córdoba and extended into several Northern provinces.

Other natural events

In 2020, a huge swarm of desert locusts threatened to engulf massive portions of the Middle East, Africa and Asia.[64][65] In tandem with the COVID-19 pandemic, this posed major hazards to billions of people who might be affected. Although experts had thought the insects would die out during the dry season in December 2019, unseasonal rains caused the incursion to reach unanticipated and hazardous levels.[66][67][68][69]

Economics
Main article: 2020s in economic history
See also: List of countries by Human Development Index, List of countries by GDP (nominal), and List of countries by GDP (PPP)

Trade

The World Trade Organization reported that trade growth had stagnated and that trade restrictions were increasing as the decade began. The sectors most affected by import restrictions were mineral and fuel oils (17.7%), machinery and mechanical appliances (13%), electrical machinery and parts (11.7%), and precious metals (6%).[70] Regional trade agreements were found to be increasing.[71]

The Brexit withdrawal agreement went into effect at the end of January 2020 with the UK completing its economic withdrawal from the EU at the end of that year.[72][73] The United States, Mexico, and Canada signed the USMCA agreement, which came into effect on 1 July 2020.[74][75]

Crashes
Event Date Country Ref.
2020 stock market crash 20 February 2020 – 7 April 2020 Global

Cybersecurity and hacking
Event Date Description
2020 Twitter bitcoin scam 15 July 2020 Multiple high-profile Twitter accounts, each with millions of followers, were compromised in a cyberattack to promote a bitcoin scam.[76]

Health

Pandemics
Event Date Infections and deaths Description
COVID-19 pandemic 2019 – present 103.8 million+ confirmed cases and 2.2 million+ deaths with more than 230 countries and territories reported by 1 February 2021.[77]
HIV/AIDS 1981 – present 37.9 million people living with HIV (end of 2018), 24.5 million people accessing antiretroviral therapy (end of June 2019), 32.0 million deaths from AIDS-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic (end 2018)[78]

Science and technology
Main article: 2020s in science and technology

Space
See also: 2020s in spaceflight

Artificial Intelligence

Communications and electronics

Software and electronic platforms
  • Support for Adobe Flash Player ended on 31 December 2020.

Society
Main article: 2020s in social history

Population
  • The population of Egypt reached 100 million in February 2020.[84]

Race

The killing of George Floyd has led to many protest and riots across the United States and internationally. The stated goal of the protest has been to end police brutality and racial inequality.

Gender
See also: Women in government

24.3% of all national parliamentarians were women as of February 2019. 11 women were serving as Head of State and 12 as Head of Government in June 2019. 20.7% of government ministers were women as of January 2019.[85] Katerina Sakellaropoulou became the first female president of Greece in January 2020, and Kamala Harris became the first female Vice President of the United States in 2021.[86]

There are wide regional variations in the average percentages of women parliamentarians. As of February 2019, these were: Nordic countries, 42.5%; Americas, 30.6%; Europe excluding Nordic countries, 27.2; sub-Saharan Africa, 23.9; Asia, 19.8%; Arab States, 19%; and the Pacific, 16.3%. Rwanda has the highest number of women parliamentarians worldwide, 61.3% of seats in the lower house. About 26% of elected local parliamentarians are women.[85]

Environmentalism

The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season devastated the environment of Australia.

LGBT rights
  • A law allowing third gender option on driver licences took effect in New Hampshire.[87]
  • Switzerland banned discrimination on the basis of sexuality based on a referendum, putting into effect a law previously introduced in 2018, that was subsequently blocked by the government that requested a referendum to be held on the matter first.[88]
  • In Northern Ireland, the first same-sex marriage, after legislation to allow this took effect in January 2020.[89][90]
  • In Costa Rica, same-sex marriage and joint adoption by same-sex couples became legal on 26 May 2020.
  • In the United States, the Supreme Court ruled that job discrimination against workers for their sexual orientation or gender identity is illegal.
  • The Trump Administration passed a law on 12 June 2020 removing protections against discrimination from LGBTQ people in terms of health care and health insurance in the United States.[91]

Culture
  • The PlayStation 5 was released in 2020
  • The song Blinding Lights by The Weeknd became a hit in 2020.
  • The Coronavirus (COVID-19) was deemed a pandemic in the year 2020. Wearing a decorative mask to prevent the disease COVID-19 from spreading was a fashion trend in 2020.

Fashion
Main article: 2020s in fashion

Fashion trends of the early 2020s have been largely inspired by the 2000s.[92][93][94] Wearing a decorative mask to prevent the disease COVID-19 from spreading was a fashion trend in the early 2020s.[95]

Film
Main article: 2020s in film

Several films and other upcoming movies were released on streaming platforms instead of theatres due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Television

The 2020s started off with the primary streaming services being Netflix, Amazon Prime, HBO Max, Hulu and Disney+. Cable television and satellite television were continuing to fall out of popularity, and were no longer as prevalent as they were once in the 2010s and decades prior.

Music
Main article: 2020s in music

In 2020, TikTok became a important music platform.[96] Streaming on Spotify and Apple Music increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Festivals such as Coachella were cancelled because of the virus. The COVID-19 pandemic devastated the touring business.[97]


Video games
Main article: 2020s in video games

The ninth generation of consoles began in 2020 with the release of the Xbox Series X and PlayStation 5. The video game Among Us surged in popularity online in 2020. Similarly, the video game Fall Guys grew in popularity online shortly after it was released in August 2020.


Sports
Main articles: List of Olympic Games host cities and List of FIFA World Cup finals
  • Tokyo was to host the Olympic Games for a second time. Originally scheduled for July–August 2020, the games were rescheduled for July–August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[98]
  • The 2020 T20 Cricket World Cup was originally scheduled to take place in Australia, but because of the COVID-19 pandemic was rescheduled to occur in India in 2021.

See also
  • Timeline of the near future

Notes

      Many events were cancelled or postponed in 2020 and 2021 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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