2nd Quebec Legislature

The Second Legislature of Quebec was the provincial legislature of Quebec, Canada from 1871 to 1875, following the general election of 1871.

Legislature of Quebec

Législature du Québec
Second Legislature, 1871 - 1875
Type
Type
HousesLegislative Council
Legislative Assembly
Term limits
Four years, subject to earlier dissolution.
History
FoundedJuly 1, 1867
Preceded byFirst Legislature of Quebec, 1867-1871
Succeeded byThird Legislature of Quebec, 1875-1878
Leadership
Charles Boucher de Boucherville (1867-1873)
John Jones Ross (1873-1874)
Félix-Hyacinthe Lemaire (1874-1876), Conservative
Structure
SeatsLegislative Council: 24
Legislative Assembly: 65
Legislative Council political groups
Conservatives 21
Liberals 3
Legislative Assembly political groups
Conservatives 46
Liberals 19
Elections
Legislative Council voting system
Life appointments
Legislative Assembly voting system
Single member constituencies
First-past-the-post voting
Open ballot system
Adult male franchise with property qualification
Constitution
British North America Act, 1867

The Conservative Party of Quebec held office throughout the term of the Legislature, but went through a succession of three leaders. Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau was Premier of Quebec from 1871 to 1873. Gédéon Ouimet was premier from 1873 to 1874, and Charles Boucher de Boucherville was premier from 1874 to 1875.

The Liberal Party of Quebec formed the Official Opposition, under the leadership of Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière.

The Legislature held four annual sessions, with the first session called on November 7, 1871. The Legislature was dissolved on June 7, 1875, leading to the 1875 general election on July 7, 1875.

Structure of the Legislature

The Legislature of Quebec was created by the British North America Act, 1867. It consisted of the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council.[1] The Lieutenant Governor was appointed by the Governor General of Canada for a term of five years.[2] The Legislative Assembly consisted of sixty-five members, elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post elections.[3] The Legislative Assembly was to last for four years, subject to being dissolved earlier by the Lieutenant Governor.[4] The Legislative Council consisted of twenty-four members, appointed for life by the Government of Quebec.[5]

The elections for the Second Legislature were conducted under the election law of the former Province of Canada, which were continued until such time as the Legislature of Quebec enacted a new election law, designed specifically for Quebec.[6]

Elections and qualifications

Right to vote

The right to vote in elections to the Legislative Assembly was not universal. Only male British subjects (by birth or naturalisation), aged 21 and older, were eligible to vote, and only if they met a property qualification. For residents of cities and towns, the qualification was being the owner, tenant or occupant of real property assessed at three hundred dollars, or at an assessed yearly value of thirty dollars. For residents of townships and parishes, the requirements were either an assessment of two hundred dollars, or an assessed yearly value of twenty dollars.[6][7]

Women were expressly prohibited from voting, "for any Electoral Division whatever".[6][8]

Judges and many municipal and provincial officials were also barred from voting, particularly officials with duties relating to public revenue. Election officials were also barred from voting.[6][9]

Voting at elections was done by open ballotting, where voters publicly declared their vote to the poll officials.[6][10]

Qualification for the Legislative Assembly

Candidates for the Legislative Assembly had to meet a significant property qualification. A candidate had to own real property in the Province of Canada, worth at least £500 in British sterling, over and above any encumbrances on the property.[6][11][12]

Qualification for the Legislative Council

The qualifications for the members of the Legislative Council were the same as for the members of the Senate of Canada.[13]

Those requirements were:

  1. Be of the full age of thirty years;
  2. Be a British subject, either natural-born or naturalised;
  3. Possess real property in Quebec worth at least $4,000, over and above any debts or incumbrances on the property;
  4. Have a net worth of at least $4,000, over and above debts and liabilities;
  5. Reside in Quebec;
  6. Reside in, or possess his qualifying real property, in the division he was named to represent.[14]

The provisions of the British North America Act, 1867 did not explicitly bar women from being called to the Senate of Canada. However, until the Persons Case in 1929, it was assumed that women could not be called to the Senate, and were thus also barred from the Legislative Council. In any event, no woman was ever appointed to the Legislative Council.[15]

Events of the Second Legislature

The Conservatives under Premier Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau won a substantial majority in the 1871 election, although with a somewhat reduced seat count. In spite of their electoral success, the Conservatives began to fracture between an ultramontane Catholic wing and the traditional Parti Bleu supporters, who were more business oriented. Chauveau continued in office until 1873, when he resigned upon being appointed to the Senate of Canada.[16][17]

Chauveau was succeeded as Conservative leader and Premier by Gédéon Ouimet, who was had been elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1867 and served in Chauveau's Cabinet as Attorney General. Shortly into Ouimet's term a major political scandal broke, the Tanneries scandal, which turned on a land transaction carried out by the government. Ouimet and three other members of the Cabinet resigned.[18]

Ouimet was replaced as party leader and premier by Charles Boucher de Boucherville in 1874. De Boucherville replaced almost the entire Cabinet.

In addition to the political instability associated with the Tanneries scandal, the Second Legislature was also marked by a high number of by-elections. Over the course of four years, there were twenty-four by-elections in the sixty-five seat Legislative Assembly. Most of the by-elections were triggered by the 1874 federal election, the first federal election after the abolition of the dual mandate, which had allowed individuals to hold seats in both the federal Parliament and the provincial Assembly. Several members of the Legislative Assembly resigned their provincial seats to run federally. Amongst those who moved to federal politics was the young Wilfrid Laurier, who had been elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1871 for the riding of Drummond et Arthabaska. A number of other by-elections were triggered by the changes to the provincial Cabinet under the three premiers. At that time, a member of the Assembly who was brought into Cabinet part-way through the term of the Assembly had to resign and stand for re-election.

One significant legislative measure passed by the de Boucherville government was electoral reform. The general elections of 1867 and 1871 had been conducted under the electoral laws of the former Province of Canada. In the 1875 session, the government passed a new election law to replace the old statute and create an electoral framework designed solely for Quebec.[19] One of the key changes was that the new elections law introduced the secret ballot in Quebec elections, replacing the old open ballot system which had previously been used, and which had required voters to publicly declare their vote to the polling officials.

In 1875, Premier De Boucherville called a general election. The Conservatives were returned to office, albeit with a somewhat reduced majority.

Legislative Assembly

Party standings

The 1871 election returned a majority in the Legislative Assembly for the Conservative Party, led by Premier Chauveau.[20]

1871 Election Results
Party Members
  Conservatives 46
  Liberals 19
Total 65
Government Majority 27

Members of the Legislative Assembly

The following candidates were elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 1871 election.[21] The Premiers of Quebec are indicated by Bold italics. The Speakers of the Legislative Assembly are indicated by small caps. Cabinet Ministers are indicated by Italics.

Name Party Riding
     Sydney Robert Bellingham Conservative Argenteuil
     Pierre-Samuel Gendron Conservative Bagot
  Christian Henry Pozer[note 1] Liberal Beauce
     George-Étienne Cartier[note 2] Conservative Beauharnois
  Onésime Pelletier Liberal Bellechasse
  Louis Sylvestre Liberal Berthier
     Théodore Robitaille|[note 3] Conservative Bonaventure
     William Warren Lynch Conservative Brome
  Gédéon Larocque Liberal Chambly
     François-Xavier-Anselme Trudel Conservative Champlain
  Adolphe Gagnon Liberal Charlevoix
  Édouard Laberge Liberal Châteauguay
  Pierre-Alexis Tremblay[note 4] Liberal Chicoutimi et Saguenay
     William Sawyer Conservative Compton
     Gédéon Ouimet Conservative Deux-Montagnes
     Louis-Napoléon Larochelle Conservative Dorchester
  Wilfrid Laurier[note 5] Liberal Drummond et Arthabaska
     Pierre-Étienne Fortin[note 6] Conservative Gaspé
     Louis Beaubien Conservative Hochelaga
     Thomas Sanders[note 7] Conservative Huntingdon
  Louis Molleur Liberal Iberville
     Pamphile-Gaspard Verreault Conservative Islet
     Narcisse Lecavalier Conservative Jacques Cartier
     Vincent-Paul Lavallée Conservative Joliette
     Charles-François Roy Conservative Kamouraska
     Andrew Esinhart Conservative Laprairie
     Onuphe Peltier Conservative L'Assomption
     Joseph-Hyacinthe Bellerose Conservative Laval
     Joseph-Godric Blanchet Conservative Lévis
  Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière Liberal Lotbinière
  Moïse Houde Liberal Maskinongé
     George Irvine Conservative Mégantic
     Josiah Sandford Brigham Conservative Missisquoi
     Firmin Dugas[note 8] Conservative Montcalm
  Télesphore Fournier[note 9] Liberal Montmagny
     Joseph-Édouard Cauchon[note 10] Conservative Montmorency
  Luther Hamilton Holton[note 11] Liberal Montréal Centre
     Ferdinand-Conon David Conservative Montréal Est
     Francis Cassidy[note 12] Conservative Montreal Ouest
  Laurent-David Lafontaine Liberal Napierville
     François-Xavier-Ovide Méthot Conservative Nicolet
     Ezra Butler Eddy Conservative Ottawa
     John Poupore[note 13] Conservative Pontiac
     Praxède Larue Conservative Portneuf
     Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau[note 14] Conservative Québec-Comté
     Hector-Louis Langevin[note 15] Conservative Québec-Centre
     Jacques-Philippe Rhéaume[note 16] Conservative Québec-Est
     John Hearn Conservative Québec-Ouest
     Joseph-Adolphe Dorion Conservative Richelieu
     Jacques Picard Conservative Richmond et Wolfe
     Louis Honoré Gosselin[note 17] Conservative Rimouski
  Victor Robert Liberal Rouville
  Pierre Bachand Liberal St. Hyacinthe
  Félix-Gabriel Marchand Liberal St. Jean
     Elzéar Gérin Conservative St. Maurice
  Maurice Laframboise Liberal Shefford
     Joseph Gibb Robertson Conservative Sherbrooke
     Humbert Saveuse de Beaujeu Conservative Soulanges
     Thomas Locke Conservative Stanstead
     Élie Mailloux Conservative Témiscouata
     Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau[note 18] Conservative Terrebonne
     Henri-Gédéon Malhiot[note 19] Conservative Trois-Rivières
     Émery Lalonde, Sr. Conservative Vaudreuil
  Joseph Daigle Liberal Verchères
     Charles-Ignace Gill[note 20] Conservative Yamaska

Reasons for Vacancies
  1. Resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate, January 17, 1874.[22]
  2. Died in office, May 20, 1873.[23]
  3. Resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate, January 7, 1874.[24]
  4. Resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate, January 17, 1874.[25]
  5. Resigned seat to stand in federal election, January 19, 1874.[26]
  6. Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit on February 27, 1873.[27]
  7. Died in office, March 21, 1874.[28]
  8. Resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate, January 20, 1874.[29]
  9. Resigned seat on appointment to federal Cabinet, November 19, 1873.[30]
  10. Resigned seat, December 10, 1872, then stood for re-election.[31]
  11. Resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate, January 16, 1874.[32]
  12. Died in office, June 14, 1873.[33]
  13. Resigned seat, October 8, 1874.[34]
  14. Resigned seat on appointment to the Senate, February 25, 1873.[35]
  15. Resigned seat, January 21, 1874.[36]
  16. Resigned seat on appointment as agent to the Seigneuriale Commission, February 5, 1873.[37]
  17. Resigned seat, March 29, 1872.[38]
  18. Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit, February 27, 1873.[39]
  19. Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit, September 22, 1874.[40]
  20. Resigned seat to stand in federal election, January 14, 1874.[41]

By-elections

There were twenty-four by-elections during the term of the Second Legislature.[42][21] Cabinet ministers are indicated by italics.

By-elections, 1872-1874
Name Party Riding Reason for Vacancy By-election Date
  Alexandre Chauveau Conservative Rimouski Incumbent resigned. April 29, 1872
  Joseph-Édouard Cauchon[note 1] Conservative Montmorency Resigned seat and then stood for election. December 23, 1872
  Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier[note 2] Liberal Québec-Est Incumbent resigned to take government position. March 3, 1873
  Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau Conservative Terrebonne Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit; re-elected. March 12, 1873
  Pierre Garneau[note 3] Conservative Québec-Comté Incumbent resigned on appointment to the Senate. March 21, 1873
  Pierre-Étienne Fortin Conservative Gaspé Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit; re-elected. April 7, 1873
  Élie-Hercule Bisson Liberal Beauharnois Incumbent died in office. July 12, 1873
  John Wait McGauvran Conservative Montreal Ouest Incumbent died in office. August 22, 1873
  François Langelier Liberal Montmagny Incumbent appointed to federal Cabinet. December 16, 1873
  Charles Alexander Liberal Montréal Centre Incumbent resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate. February 6, 1874
  Auguste-Réal Angers[note 4] Conservative Montmorency Incumbent resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate. February 10, 1874
  Joseph Nestor Duguay Conservative Yamaska Incumbent resigned seat to stand for election to House of Commons. February 11 and 12, 1874
  William John Watts Conservative Drummond et Arthabaska Incumbent resigned seat to stand for election to House of Commons. February 20, 1874
  François-Xavier Dulac Conservative Beauce Incumbent resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate. February 24, 1874
  Louis-Gustave Martin Conservative Montcalm Incumbent resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate. March 13, 1874
  Rémi-Ferdinand Rinfret dit Malouin Conservative Québec-Centre Incumbent resigned seat. April 16 and 17, 1874
  Pierre-Vincent Valin Conservative Québec-Est Incumbent resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate. April 16 and 17, 1874
  Michel Guillaume Baby Conservative Chicoutimi et Saguenay Incumbent resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate. May 2, 1874
  Alexander Cameron Conservative Huntingdon Incumbent died in office. May 30, 1874
  Pierre-Clovis Beauchesne Conservative Bonaventure Incumbent resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate. August 4 and 5, 1874
  Henri-Gédéon Malhiot Conservative Trois-Rivières Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit; re-elected. October 3, 1874
  Auguste-Réal Angers Conservative Montmorency Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit; re-elected. October 5, 1874
  Pierre Garneau Conservative Québec-Comté Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit; re-elected. October 5, 1874
  Levi Ruggles Church Conservative Pontiac Incumbent resigned seat. October 26, 1874

Reasons for Vacancies
  1. Resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate, January 21, 1874.[31]
  2. Resigned seat on abolition of dual mandate, January 20, 1874.[43]
  3. Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit, September 22, 1874.[44]
  4. Accepted Cabinet position, an office of profit, September 22, 1874.[45]

Legislative Council

Party standings

The Legislative Council continued to have a strong Conservative majority during the term of the Second Legislature.

Standings at First Session, 1871
Party Members
  Conservatives 21
  Liberals 3
Total: 24
Government Majority: 18

Members during the Second Legislature

The Premier of Quebec is indicated by Bold italics. The Speakers of the Legislative Council are indicated by small caps. Cabinet members are indicated by italics.

Members 1871-1875
Legislative Council Divisions Member Party Term Start Term End
Alma Beaudry, Jean-Louis Conservative November 2, 1867 June 25, 1886
Bedford Wood, Thomas Conservative November 2, 1867 November 13, 1898
De la Durantaye Beaubien, Joseph-Octave Conservative November 2, 1867 November 7, 1877
De la Vallière Proulx, Jean-Baptiste-Georges Liberal November 2, 1867 January 27, 1884
De Lanaudière Dostaler, Pierre-Eustache Conservative November 2, 1867 January 4, 1884
De Lorimier Rodier, Charles-Séraphin Conservative November 2, 1867 February 3, 1876
De Salaberry Starnes, Henry Liberal November 2, 1867 March 3, 1896
Grandville Dionne, Élisée Conservative November 2, 1867 August 22, 1892
Gulf Le Boutillier, John† Conservative November 2, 1867 July 31, 1872
Vacant August 1, 1872 November 18, 1873
Savage, Thomas Conservative November 19, 1873 February 27, 1887
Inkerman Bryson, George (Sr.) Conservative November 2, 1867 January 13, 1900
Kennebec Thibaudeau, Isidore‡ Liberal November 2, 1867 January 21, 1874
Richard, Louis Conservative February 5, 1874 November 13, 1876
La Salle Panet, Louis Conservative November 2, 1867 May 15, 1884
Lauzon Chaussegros de Léry, Alexandre-René Conservative November 2, 1867 December 19, 1880
Mille-Isles Lemaire, Félix-Hyacinthe Conservative November 2, 1867 December 17, 1879
Montarville Boucher de Boucherville, Charles-Eugène Conservative November 2, 1867 September 10, 1915
Repentigny Archambeault, Louis Conservative November 2, 1867 June 6, 1888
Rigaud Prud'homme, Eustache Conservative November 2, 1867 April 25, 1888
Rougemont Fraser de Berry, John Conservative November 2, 1867 November 15, 1876
Saurel Armstrong, David Morrison† Conservative November 2, 1867 April 14, 1873
Vacant April 15, 1873 November 18, 1873
Roy, Pierre-Euclide Conservative November 19, 1873 October 31, 1882
Shawinigan Ross, John Jones Conservative November 2, 1867 May 4, 1901
Stadacona McGreevy, Thomas‡ Conservative November 2, 1867 February 2, 1874
Sharples, John (Sr.) Conservative February 27, 1874 December 19, 1876
The Laurentides Gingras, Jean-Élie Conservative November 2, 1867 December 10, 1887
Victoria Ferrier, James Conservative November 2, 1867 May 30, 1888
Wellington Hale, Edward† Conservative November 2, 1867 April 26, 1875
Vacant April 27, 1875 October 6, 1875

Vacancies of less than one month are not shown.
† Died in office.
‡ Resigned on abolition of the dual mandate.

Executive Council during Second Legislature

There were three different ministries during the term of the Second Legislature, under Premiers Chauveau (1871-1873), Ouimet (1873-1874), and Boucher de Boucherville (1874-1875).

First Quebec Ministry: Chauveau Cabinet (1871-1873)
Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chapleau, First Premier of Quebec, 1867-1873

Premier Chauveau continued the same membership in his Cabinet following the 1871 election.[46] Chauveau and four of the ministers were Members of the Legislative Assembly, while three were Members of the Legislative Council. In addition to being premier, Chauveau held other portfolios.

Members of the Executive Council
Position Minister Term Start Term End
Premier and President of the Executive Council Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau 1867 1873
Agriculture and Public Works Louis Archambeault* 1867 1873
Attorney General Gédéon Ouimet 1867 1873
Crown lands Joseph-Octave Beaubien* 1867 1873
Public Education Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau 1867 1873
Secretary and Registrar Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau 1867 1873
Solicitor General George Irvine 1867 1873
Speaker of the Legislative Council Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville* 1867 1873
Treasurer Joseph Gibb Robertson 1869 1873
* Members of the Legislative Council

Second Quebec Ministry: Ouimet Cabinet (1873-1874)
Gédéon Ouimet, Second Premier of Quebec, 1873-1874

Following Chauveau's resignation as premier, the Quebec Conservative party chose Gédéon Ouimet as party leader and thus Premier of Quebec. No general election was called. Ouimet installed a new Cabinet.[47] Ouimet and four of the Cabinet ministers were Members of the Legislative Assembly, while two sat in the Legislative Council.

Members of the Executive Council
Position Minister Term Start Term End
Premier and President of the Executive Council Gédéon Ouimet 1873 1874
Agriculture and Public Works Louis Archambault* 1873 1874
Attorney General George Irvine 1873 1874
Crown Lands Pierre-Étienne Fortin 1873 1874
Public Instruction Gédéon Ouimet 1873 1874
Secretary and Registrar Gédéon Ouimet 1873 1874
Solicitor General Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau 1873 1874
Speaker of the Legislative Council John Jones Ross* 1873 1874
Treasurer Joseph Gibb Robertson 1873 1874
* Members of the Legislative Council

Third Quebec Ministry: Boucher de Boucherville Cabinet (1874-1875)
Charles Boucher de Boucherville, Third Premier of Quebec, 1874-1878

As a result of the Tanneries scandal, Premier Ouimet and three Cabinet ministers resigned. The Conservative party chose Boucher de Boucherville to be premier. He replaced almost all of the Cabinet, retaining only Robertson as Treasurer.[48] All of the Cabinet ministers were members of the Legislative Assembly, except the Speaker of the Legislative Council abs Boucher de Boucherville himself.

Members of the Executive Council
Position Minister Term Start Term End
Premier and President of the Executive Council Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville* 1874 1875
Agriculture and Public Works Pierre Garneau 1874 1875
Attorney General Levi Ruggles Church 1874 1875
Crown Lands Henri-Gédéon Malhiot 1874 1875
Public Education Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville* 1874 1875
Secretary and Registrar Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville* 1874 1875
Solicitor General Auguste-Real Angers 1874 1875
Speaker of the Legislative Council Felix-Hyacinthe Lemaire* 1874 1875
Treasurer Joseph Gibb Robertson 1874 1875
* Members of the Legislative Council

Leader of the Opposition
Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière: First Leader of the Opposition, 1869-1878

Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière continued as Leader of the Opposition throughout the Second Legislature.[49]

Legislative sessions

The Legislature had four annual sessions:

  • First session: November 7, 1871 to December 23, 1871, with thirty-five sitting days.
  • Second session: November 7, 1872 to December 24, 1872, with thirty-five sitting days.
  • Third session: December 4, 1873 to January 28, 1874, with twenty-nine sitting days.
  • Fourth and final session: December 3, 1874 to February 23, 1875, with forty-two sitting days.

The Legislature did not meet again prior to its dissolution on June 7, 1875.[50]

References
  1. British North America Act, 1867 [now known as the Constitution Act, 1867], s. 71.
  2. British North America Act, 1867, s. 58.
  3. British North America Act, 1867, s. 80.
  4. British North America Act, 1867, s. 85.
  5. British North America Act, 1867, s. 72.
  6. British North America Act, 1867, s. 84.
  7. An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature, Consolidated Statutes of Canada, 1859, c. 6, s. 4.
  8. An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature, s. 3.
  9. An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature, ss. 1 and 2.
  10. An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature, ss. 51-54.
  11. Act of Union 1840 (UK), c. 35, s. 27.
  12. An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature, s. 36.
  13. British North America Act, 1867, s. 73.
  14. British North America Act, 1867, s. 23.
  15. Quebec National Assembly: Les membres du Conseil législatif (par divisions).
  16. Quebec National Assembly: Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau.
  17. Dictionary of Canadian Biography: Chauveau, Pierre-Joseph-Olivier.
  18. Dictionary of Canadian Biography: Ouimet, Gédéon.
  19. The Quebec Electios Act, SQ 1875, c. 7.
  20. National Assembly of Quebec: La répartition des sièges aux élections générales.
  21. National Assembly of Quebec: Les résultats électoraux depuis 1867.
  22. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Christian Henry Pozer
  23. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: George-Étienne Cartier
  24. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Théodore Robitaille
  25. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Pierre-Alexis Tremblay
  26. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Wilfrid Laurier
  27. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Pierre Fortin
  28. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Thomas Sanders
  29. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Firmin Dugas
  30. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Télesphore Fournier
  31. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
  32. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Luther Hamilton Holton
  33. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Francis Cassidy
  34. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: John Poupore
  35. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau
  36. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Hector-Louis Langevin
  37. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Jacques-Philippe Rhéaume
  38. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Louis-Honoré Gosselin
  39. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau
  40. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Henri-Gédéon Malhiot
  41. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Charles-Ignace Gill
  42. National Assembly of Quebec: Les élections partielles.
  43. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Charles-Alphonse-Pantaléon Pelletier
  44. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Pierre Garneau
  45. Quebec National Assembly, Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present: Auguste-Réal Angers
  46. Quebec National Assembly: Les titulaires de ministères depuis 1867: Cabinet Chauveau (Conservative), July 15, 1867 to February 27, 1873.
  47. Quebec National Assembly: Les titulaires de ministères depuis 1867: Cabinet Ouimet (Conservative) February 27, 1873 to September 22, 1874.
  48. Quebec National Assembly: Les titulaires de ministères depuis 1867: Cabinet Boucher de Boucherville (Conservative) September 22, 1874 to March 8, 1878.
  49. Quebec National Assembly: Les chefs de l'opposition officielle depuis 1869.
  50. Quebec National Assembly: Les législatures et leurs sessions depuis 1867.
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