Acorn Business Computer

As part of the agreement made between Acorn and the BBC to supply a microcomputer to accompany the BBC Computer Literacy Project, Acorn had committed to deliver a business upgrade for the BBC Micro, with Z80-based computers running the CP/M operating system being the established business platform at that time and thus the likely form of any such upgrade. This upgrade was eventually delivered in 1984 as the Z80 Second Processor, requiring a BBC Micro, dual floppy drives and a display to complete a basic business system for a total cost of around £1500. As such, the bundle was not offered as a single, packaged business computer product, unlike a widening range of competing products that could be obtained at such a price.[6]

Various systems had already been proposed by Acorn early in the life of the BBC Micro before the Acorn Business Computer name had been publicly adopted. For instance, the machine that would eventually be known as the ABC 210 was described in mid-1982 in the context of an apparent deal with National Semiconductor, indicating a 1 MB system with hard disks and "Acorn, Unix or Idris operating systems" at an estimated price of around $3500, with a second processor product for the BBC Micro having only 256 KB RAM.[7] The Gluon concept, offering a 32016 second processor solution for the BBC Micro and other microcomputers, featured prominently in the company's strategy to offer more powerful computing hardware and to provide the basis for more powerful machines.[8]

Meanwhile, the machine that would become known as the ABC 100 was described in mid-1983 as the Acorn Business Machine, being based on the BBC Micro with Z80 Second Processor, twin disk drives, running CP/M, with an anticipated launch the same year and a price of "under £2000".[9] Such a configuration, with a Z80 processor running CP/M assisted by a 6502 processor managing the display and peripherals was already proven by various Torch Computers products - notably the BBC Micro-based C-series (Communicator)[10] - and also featured in machines like the C/WP Cortex.[11]

The successful development of second processor solutions was regarded as an essential progression that would enable Acorn to offer variants of the BBC Micro as business machines and to be able to compete with Torch, whose products were in some ways pursuing such goals.[12] Delays affected the development of these products, however. In late 1983, the launch of the Z80 Second Processor had been estimated as occurring in February 1984, and although the 16032 Second Processor had been demonstrated at an event in Munich, Acorn had not apparently decided on pricing or positioning, describing the product as being "months away". Meanwhile, negotiations between National Semiconductor, Acorn, Logica and Microsoft were ongoing with regard to making Unix - Xenix, specifically - available on "the BBC machine".[13]

The following models were originally announced in late 1984,[14] with pricing for several models announced in early 1985.[15]

Although most of the ABC models failed to reach the market in their original form, particularly after Olivetti's rescue of Acorn,[20] several of the concepts were revisited in the BBC Master series of microcomputers. Like the ABC Personal Assistant, the Master 128 offers more memory than the original BBC Micro and includes the View and ViewSheet productivity software on-board. The Master Econet Terminal, like the ABC Terminal, emphasises network access and a lack of on-board software and local storage. Meanwhile, the Master Scientific was intended to offer some continuity with the 32016-based second processor solution provided by the Acorn Cambridge Workstation, and the Master 512 offers a 80186-based second processor with DOS Plus and GEM support, thus resembling the ABC 300 series in particular ways.[21] However, none of the Master series features an integrated display, which had been criticised in some reviews of the ABC series.[18] Around two years after the unveiling of the ABC range, the Master Compact eventually introduced the practice of bundling a display and storage into Acorn's traditional product range.[22]

Whereas the different models in the ABC range were combinations of a "host" computer based on the BBC Micro and a second processor fitted inside the display unit, the equivalent Master-series variants were generally accommodated by plug-in coprocessor cards fitted inside a Master 128 or Master Econet Terminal (ET), these models being the foundation of the range.[23] It was therefore possible to acquire and upgrade the Master 128 or ET to one of the other models by installing the appropriate coprocessor card, and unlike the ABC whose models could be purchased as complete systems, only the Master 128 and ET were offered by Acorn as systems with the coprocessors offered separately as "modules" to realise the desired variants.[24]

A more direct legacy of the range concerns the BBC Model B+ whose motherboard appears to have its origin as the BBC Micro "host" found in the different ABC models:[25] a design using 64-kilobit RAM chips, an updated disk controller, and support for shadow RAM.[26] Having successfully pursued a similar strategy to that of the Acorn Business Computer, Torch were said to be "actively evaluating the B+ motherboard", having used the previous BBC Micro motherboard as the basis of the company's earlier products.[25]

The 1982 vision of microcomputers acting as terminals to a "Universal Gluon" expansion[8] did eventually come to pass through the availability of a number of third-party expansions for the BBC Micro such as the Cambridge Microprocessor Systems 68000 second processor,[27] Flight Electronics 68000 processor board,[28] and the Micro Developments MD512k Universal Second Processor System.[29] Meanwhile, various companies pursued the development of Tube-based second processor solutions involving the 68000, neglected by Acorn in its own offerings, such as the CA Special Products Casper board[30] and the Torch Computers HDP68K,[31] the latter offering the Unix support never delivered for Acorn's 32016-based systems.

Initially mentioned as a "CAD graphics workstation based on the 16032 chip" in October 1983,[32] the Acorn Cambridge Workstation formed the hardware basis of a chip design product by Qudos called Quickchip,[33] "a comprehensive CAD package for semi-custom gate arrays... supported by a high speed direct write electron beam fabrication facility",[34] used by custom semiconductor product designers such as Flare Technology and promoted by the UK's Department of Trade and Industry.[35] A related product was apparently produced by Qudos for the BBC Master Turbo or BBC Micro with 6502 second processor expansion, offering design support for custom gate arrays of "up to around 300 gates in size" based on Ferranti ULA technology.[36] Quickchip was subsequently ported to the Acorn Archimedes,[37] with the software having previously been "running on powerful Unix workstations".[38] Although the smaller-scale Minichip solution ran on a BBC Micro-based system with 6502 coprocessor, the Unix-based Quickchip solution apparently ran on Vax systems running Ultrix.[39]

Having promised some kind of Unix product as early as 1982,[7] Acorn eventually released a Unix workstation in 1989 based on the Archimedes hardware platform,[40] followed up by other models in 1990.[41] Instead of Xenix, these workstations ran RISC iX: a port of 4.3BSD Unix to the ARM architecture.[42]

• "Chris's Acorns: Acorn Business Computer". Retrieved 2008-04-10.
• "Chris's Acorns: Acorn Cambridge Workstation". Retrieved 2008-04-10.
• Bright, Peter (April 1985). "Acorn ABC 310" (PDF). Personal Computer World. 8 (4).
• Attack, Carol (October 1988). "From Atom to ARC". Acorn User.
• Attack, Carol (November 1988). "From Boom to Bust". Acorn User.
• Attack, Carol (December 1988). "Back from the Brink". Acorn User.
• "Full Acorn Machine List", Philip R. Banks, 1999