Al-Jafr (book)

Al-Jafr (Arabic: ٱلْجَفْر‎) is a mystical Twelver Shi'ite holy book[1][2] compiled, according to Shi'ite belief, by Ali and inherited by him from Muhammad,[1][2][3] with others being Al-Jamia and the Book of Fatimah. Al-Jafr is considered to be composed of two skin boxes in which were kept various books of the past Prophets and the books inherited from Muhammad, Ali and Fatimah to the rest of Ahl al-Bayt, with each new Imam receiving them from his dying predecessor Imam, as well as the armour and weapons of Muhammad.[4][5]

For other uses, see Al-Jafr (disambiguation).
Part of a series on Islam
Shia Islam
Beliefs and practices
Holy days
History
Branches and sects
Ahl al-Kisa
Holy women
 Shia Islam portal

Al-Jafr was reportedly one of the sources and origins of knowledge acquired by the 12 Imams, and the sixth Imam of Twelver and Ismai'ili Shi'ite Islam, Ja'far al-Sadiq, took pride in having possession of al-Jafr that comprised the hidden knowledge of Muhammad. The later Twelver Imams were accustomed to refer at times to the sacred and secret book of al-Jafr, which was left in their keeping by Ali and belief in the existence of al-Jafr with the Imams was firm, according to the Twelver Shia.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

The 12 Imams also learned the science of Huruf (letters of the alphabet) from al-Jafr and used this science to derive facts and rulings from al-Jafr.[8][10]

Al-Jafr was handed down among the 12 Imams, and the Twelver Shia believe it is currently in the possession of the hidden Imam al-Mahdi.[2][4][11][12]

Etymology

The material of al-Jafr is parchment for writing made from animals' skin,[2][13] for which the word "Jafr" can variously mean: numerical symbolism, science of numbers, numerical symbolism of letters, numerology, science of letters, alphabetical symbolism or divination. The prefix "al" means "the".

Contents

The contents of al-Jafr include:

  • Secret teachings for the 12 Imams.[1][12]
  • Knowledge of the past and future events, including the names of every king who would rule on earth.[1][2][12]
  • The knowledge of Muhammad, the past Prophets and the 12 Imams.[2][6][7]
  • The original Injil (Gospel of Jesus), Tawrat (Torah of Moses), Zabur (Psalms of David), Suhuf Ibrahim (Scrolls of Abraham), and the knowledge and history of the Prophets, life happenings, and other special mystical matters.[5] These are all contained in one part of al-Jafr called al-Jafr al-Abyaḍ (Arabic: ٱلْجَفْر ٱلْأَبْيَض‎, lit. 'the White Jafr'). Al-Jafr al-Abyadh has 14 portions, and each portion has 14 divisions.[2][6][7][11][12][14][15]
  • A bag that contains the armour and weapons of imam ali, including the sword Zulfiqar, and the Islamic rules, directives and matters about and involving wars.[5] These are all contained in the other part of al-Jafr called al-Jafr al-Aḥmar (Arabic: ٱلْجَفْر ٱلْأَحْمَر‎, lit. 'the Red Jafr').[2][11][12][15]
  • The knowledge of the Israelite scholars.[6][7][14]

Hadiths alleging its existence

The following are Twelver ahadith on the existence of al-Jafr:

  • Shaykh Kulayni narrates from Abu al-Hasan that Imam Musa al-Kadhim said, "My son, 'Ali, is the eldest and most beloved of my children. He reads Jafr along with me, while no one except the Prophet (i.e. Muhammad) and his successors look at it."[16]
  • It has been narrated on the authority of `Abdullāh ibn Sinān that Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq said, when we mentioned before him the activities of the descendants of Imam Al-Hasan and also the Jafr, "By Allah I swear; we keep two papers made of skins of goat and sheep. These two papers comprise the dictation of the Messenger of Allah with the handwriting of (Imam) 'Ali."[9] The Imam remained silent for a while and then said, "With us there is al-Jafr. Do they know what al-Jafr is?" I asked, "What is al-Jafr?" The Imam said, "It is a container made of skin that contains the knowledge of the prophets and the executors of their wills. It is the knowledge of the scholars in the past from the Israelites."[17]
  • A number of people has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Al-Hakam from Al-Husayn ibn Abu ʿAlaʾ who has said that he heard Abu ʿAbdallah say the following: "With me is the white Jafr." The narrator has said that he asked the Imams "What is in it?" The Imam said, "In it there is the Psalms of David, the Torah of Moses, the Gospel of Jesus, the Suhuf of Abraham, the laws that explain the lawful and unlawful matters, and Mushaf of Fatimah in which, I do not think there is nay thing from the Holy Quran. In it there is all that people need us to do for them and so that we would not need any one else. In it there is information even about a lash, half of a lash and one forth of a lash and about the amount of compensation for a scratch caused to someone. "With me there is the red Jafr." The narrator has said that he asked the Imam, "What is in the red Jafr?" The Imam said, "In it there is the Armaments. It is because it only is opened for bloodshed. The owner of the sword opens it to kill." The narrator has said that ʿAbdallah ibn Abu Yaʿfur asked the Imam, "May Allah keep you well, do the descendents of Al-Hasan know this? The Imam said, "Yes, I swear by Allah, they know it just as they know the night that it is night and the day that it is the day, but jealousy and worldly gains cause them to act in denial and rejection. Had they sought the truth with the truth it would have been better for them."[18]
  • Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from ibn Riʾab from Abu ʿUbaydah who has said that the people from our group asked Abu ʿAbdallah about Jafr and the Imam said the following: "It is the skin of a bull which is full of knowledge."[19] The Imam said, "I swear by Allah that with me there are two books in which there is the name of every prophet and the name of every king that would rule on earth."[20]
  • Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ʿIsa from Yunus from the person that he mentioned from Sulayman ibn Khalid from Abu ʿAbdallah who has said the following: "The Jafr of which they speak certainly disappoints them because they (the Zaydis) do not speak the truth while Jafr does contain the truth. Let them bring to light therefrom the judgments of Ali and his rules of inheritance if they are truthful. Ask them about (the inheritance) of paternal and maternal aunts. Let them show the Mushaf of Fatima. In it certainly there is the will of Fatima. With it there is the Armaments of the Messenger of Allah. Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High, has said, "Bring me a Book, revealed before this Quran, or any other proof based on knowledge to support your belief, if indeed you are truthful" (Qur'an 46:4).[21]
  • Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Abu ʿUmayr from ʿUmar ibn Udhayna from Fudayl ibn Yasar, Burayd ibn Muʿawiya and Zurarah who have said that ʿAbdallah ibn ʿAbd al-Malik said the following to Abu ʿAbdallah, "The Zaydi and Muʿtazali groups circle around Muhammad ibn ʿAbdallah. Does he have any authority?" The Imam said, "I swear by Allah that with me there are two books in which there is the name of every prophet and the name of every king that would rule on earth. No, I swear by Allah, the name of Muhammad ibn ʿAbdallah is not in the list as one of them."[22]

Al-Jafr is mentioned in the storyline of One Thousand and One Nights and an accurate explanation of al-Jafr is offered by Richard Francis Burton in The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night (six volumes 1886 – 1888).[23][24]

See also

References
  1. Oxford Islamic Studies Online: Kitab al-Jafr
  2. Babylon: Islamic Dictionary
  3. Al-Islam.org: 'Aalim Network QR
  4. "Imamreza.net: The Origins of the Knowledge of Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.), Source: Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.) in the Holy Qur'an and Hadith, By Ayatullah Muhammadi Rayshahri". Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  5. "Imamreza.net: Collection of the Hadith by the Sh'ia". Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  6. "Imamalinet.net: Ali the Magnificent, Compiled by Yousef N. Lalljee". Archived from the original on 2011-06-14. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  7. "Imamreza.net: Imam Ali's Distinguished Place in Literary History". Archived from the original on 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  8. "Imamreza.net: Recognition of the Holy Imams (A.S.) in the Light of Traditions: Imam Ali Ibn Musa Al-Riza (a.s), By Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad Reza Mudarrisi Yazdi". Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  9. "Imamreza.net: Recordation of Hadith during the Imamate of Imam Baqir (A.S.) and Imam Sadiq (A.S.), By Sayyid Ali Al-Shahristani". Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  10. Henry Corbin, Trilogie ismaelienne, Paris: Maisonneuve, 1961, p. 30. The quotation is from Paul Kraus (Arabist), Jabir ibn Hayyan, v.2, Cairo, 1942, p.263. Reference may also be made to Corbin, "Le Livre du Glorieux de Jabir ibn Hayyan,” Eranos-Jahrbuch, v. 18 (1950), pp.75-87. See also Rajab Bursi, Mashariq Anwar al-Yaqin fi Asrar Amir al-Mu'minin (n.p, 1979), esp. pp. 18-38 (on this work see now Corbin, Rajab Borsi, and B.Todd Lawson, "The Dawning of the Lights of Certainty in the Divine Secrets Connected with the Commander of the Faithful by Rajab Bursi (d. 1411)," in Leonard Lewisohn, ed., The Legacy of Medieval Persian Sufism (London: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publications, 1992), pp. 261-276. In addition see Futuhat, v. 1, pp. 231-361: "al-bab al-thani fi ma`rifa maratib al-huru”' ; and the well-known manual on magic by Ahmad al-Buni (d.1225), Shams al-ma`arif al-kubra.
  11. "Al-huda.al-khoei.org: Al-Huda News: OTHER COLLECTIONS". Archived from the original on 2013-02-23. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  12. Al-islam.org: 'Aalim Network QR
  13. "Imamreza.net: Who Was Imam Jafar al-Sadiq(A.S.)? Chapter 2". Archived from the original on 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  14. Shia-crescent.com: Defending the Imam of our time
  15. CHAPTER NINETEEN: ON AL-REZA'S WORDS ON THE SIGN OF THE IMAM
  16. "Imamreza.net: Recognition of the Holy Imams in the Light of Traditions: Imam Ali Ibn Musa Al-Riza: ʿIthbat Al-Hudat, Vol. 6, p. 8: By Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad Reza Mudarrisi Yazdi". Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2010-02-11.
  17. Kitab al-Kafi: Vol. 1, Hadith 635, Ch. 40, h1
  18. Kitab al-Kafi, Hadith 637, Chapter 40: Statements about al-Jafr, al-Jamiʿ and the Book of Fatima, h 3
  19. Kitab al-Kafi Hadith number 637 Ch.40, h 5
  20. Kitab al-Kafi: Hadith 641, Ch. 40, h 7
  21. Kitab al-Kafi, H 638, Chapter 40: Statements about al-Jafr, al-Jamiʿ and the Book of Fatima, h 4
  22. Kitab al-Kafi, H 641, Chapter 40: Statements about al-Jafr, al-Jamiʿ and the Book of Fatima, h 7
  23. Supplemental Nights To The Book Of The Thousand And One Nights With Notes Anthropological And Explanatory, Volume 6, by Richard F. Burton, Part 8 out of 9
  24. Wikisource: The Tale of Attaf
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.