April 1930
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The following events occurred in April 1930:
April 1, 1930 (Tuesday)
- The new German chancellor Heinrich Brüning openly threatened the Reichstag with dissolution if it failed to carry out his policies. "The cabinet has been formed for the purpose of solving problems of vital importance to the country in the shortest possible time", he told the parliament. "This is our last effort to solve these problems with the present Reichstag."[1]
- The film The Blue Angel starring Marlene Dietrich premiered at Ufa-Palast in Berlin.[2]
- Born: Grace Lee Whitney, actress and entertainer, in Ann Arbor, Michigan (d. 2015)[3]
- Died: Cosima Wagner, 92, daughter of Hungarian composer Franz Liszt, wife of German composer Richard Wagner and co-founder of the Bayreuth Festival[4]
- Died: An Chang-nam, 29, first Korean aviator, when his plane crashed in bad weather[5]
April 2, 1930 (Wednesday)
- The Japanese ferry ship Wakato Maru capsized in a gale off Kyushu. The ship was overcrowded beyond its normal capacity and about 100 lives were lost.[6]
- Ras Tafari Makonnen Woldemikael became the new Emperor of Ethiopia upon the death of Empress Zewditu.[7]
- Died: Zewditu, 53, Empress of Ethiopia[7]
April 3, 1930 (Thursday)
- The 2nd Academy Awards were held in the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. Unlike in the inaugural year, the winners were not announced in advance. The ceremony was also broadcast live on the radio for the first time, via the Los Angeles station KNX. The Broadway Melody won the award for Outstanding Picture.[8]
- The Montreal Canadiens hockey team won their third Stanley Cup, defeating the Boston Bruins 4–3 to win the Finals two games to none.
- Born: Lawton Chiles, politician, in Lakeland, Florida (d. 1998);[9] Helmut Kohl, politician and statesman, in Ludwigshafen, Germany (d. 2017)[10]
- Died: Dame Emma Albani, 82, Canadian operatic soprano (b. 1847)[11]
April 4, 1930 (Friday)
- Former U.S. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg told a luncheon audience in Chicago that American isolationism was no longer viable. "A great nation like ours, with ten billions a year of foreign commerce, has as much to gain by the establishment of the World Court as any country in the world", he said.[12]
- The American Interplanetary Society was founded to conduct rocket experiments. In 1934 the organization changed its name to the American Rocket Society.
- Died: Victoria of Baden, 67, Queen of Sweden[13]
April 5, 1930 (Saturday)
- A new law made Dutch the only official language of the University of Ghent, against the wishes of Belgium's Flemish minority.[14][15]
April 6, 1930 (Sunday)
- Mahatma Gandhi ended the Civil Disobedience Movement at Dandi, Navsari. Here Gandhi broke the law by picking up a few grains of salt from the beach.[16][17]
- René Dreyfus won the 2nd Monaco Grand Prix.[18]
- The Order of the Red Star military decoration was established in the Soviet Union.[19]
- The Twinkie snack cake was invented at the Continental Baking Co in River Forest, United States.[20]
April 7, 1930 (Monday)
- The government of the Soviet Union decided to establish a ministry of physical culture.[21]
- Born: Andrew Sachs, German-born British actor, in Berlin (d. 2016)[22]
- Died: William P. G. Harding, 65, American banker[23]
April 8, 1930 (Tuesday)
- The war film Journey's End premiered at the Gaiety Theatre in New York City.[24]
- Born: Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, in Paris, France (d. 2010)[25]
April 9, 1930 (Wednesday)
- The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company sold Brunswick Records to Warner Bros.[26]
- Died: Rose Caron, 72, French operatic soprano[27]
April 10, 1930 (Thursday)
- Police raided the Indian National Congress headquarters in Bombay and made two arrests.[28]
- Born: Spede Pasanen, Finnish filmmaker, inventor and television personality, in Kuopio (d. 2001)[29]
April 11, 1930 (Friday)
- The Tokyo Stock Exchange was suspended early for the day due to a selling panic.[30]
- Rioting was reported from Taranto, Italy due to economic conditions.[31]
- American scientists predicted that man would land on the moon by 2050.[32]
April 12, 1930 (Saturday)
- Germany and Austria signed a trade agreement.[33]
- University of Cambridge won the 82nd Boat Race. Cambridge now had an all-time record of 41–40 against Oxford, leading for the first time since 1863.[32]
- Born: John Landy, Australian athlete and politician[34]
April 13, 1930 (Sunday)
- 500,000 Indians held an orderly demonstration in Bombay, illegally making salt and throwing a monstrous effigy representing the salt tax into the sea.[35]
April 14, 1930 (Monday)
- Indian independence leader Jawaharlal Nehru was arrested and charged with violating the salt law.[36]
- On budget day in the United Kingdom, Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Snowden presented tax increases on income, death duties and beer.[37]
- The Reichstag approved Chancellor Brüning's series of economic bills which included farm relief and an increase in the tax on beer.[38]
- Died: Vladimir Mayakovsky, 36, Russian poet, playwright and actor (suicide);[39] John B. Sheridan, 60, Irish-born American sportswriter[40]
April 15, 1930 (Tuesday)
- Riots broke out in Calcutta over the imprisonment of Nehru and the city's mayor.[41]
- Born: Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, 4th President of Iceland, in Reykjavík[42]
April 16, 1930 (Wednesday)
- Britain and the Soviet Union signed a new trade pact granting each other most favoured nation status.[43]
- First Lady Lou Henry Hoover suffered a back injury in a fall at the White House.[44] The injury was serious enough to require her to use a wheelchair during her recovery.[45]
- Thuringian interior minister Wilhelm Frick of the Nazi Party introduced nationalistic new prayers to be recited in elementary schools. Liberals objected to the propagandistic content of the prayers and challenged their constitutionality in court.[46] One line read, "I believe that thou wilt punish the betrayal of Germany and bless the actions of those who seek to free the Fatherland."[47]
- Born: Herbie Mann, jazz flautist, in Pecos, New Mexico (d. 2003)[48]
April 17, 1930 (Thursday)
- 27 Indian independence demonstrators were sentenced for breaking the salt laws, including Mahatma Gandhi's son Devdas, who received three months imprisonment. Mahatma Gandhi urged his followers to continue nonviolent forms of protest, saying that riots like the one in Calcutta "will harm our struggle."[49]
- The Paraguayan football club Club Sportivo San Lorenzo was founded.
April 18, 1930 (Friday)
- The Chittagong armoury raid occurred when Indian revolutionaries led by Surya Sen raided an armoury in the Bengal province of British India, seizing it and setting it on fire. Martial law was proclaimed and troops were called out to quell the uprising.[50][51]
- The 1930 Costești wooden church fire took place in the small Romanian town of Costești during Good Friday services when candles set some drapery on fire.[52]
- A typhoon swept through Leyte in the Philippines, causing extensive damage.[53]
- The BBC Radio news bulletin from London stated: "Good evening. Today is Good Friday. There is no news." Piano music followed.[54][55][56]
April 19, 1930 (Saturday)
- Three people were killed and 36 injured in fighting between police and protestors in Warsaw, Poland when 2,000 unemployed textile workers surrounded city hall and threw stones at the building while demanding assistance.[57]
- Clarence DeMar won his seventh Boston Marathon.[58]
- The drama film The Divorcee starring Norma Shearer was released.[59]
- The very first Warner Bros. cartoon short, Sinkin' in the Bathtub was released. It was the very first in the Looney Tunes series and introduced the character of Bosko.
- Born: Dick Sargent, US actor, in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California (d. 1994)[60]
April 20, 1930 (Sunday)
- Charles Lindbergh, accompanied by his wife Anne, flew a Lockheed Model 8 Sirius from Los Angeles to New York in 14 hours, 45 minutes and 32 seconds, a new transcontinental record.[61]
- Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford, and her personal pilot C. D. Barnard completed a record-breaking flight of 9,000 miles in a Fokker F.VII, made from Lympne Airport in the UK to Cape Town, South Africa, in 100 flying hours over 10 days.[62]
April 21, 1930 (Monday)
- Work was officially completed on the Turkestan–Siberia Railway.[63]
- The war film All Quiet on the Western Front premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles.[64]
- A fire at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus killed 320 inmates. It remains the worst prison fire in U.S. history.[65]
- The Presbyterian General Assembly publicized the findings of a commission appointed to investigate marriage and divorce in America. One section of the study blamed rising divorce rates on cultural tendencies such as jazz due to its "primeval jungle tom tom" which "inspires contortions of dance unfitting to incipient rheumatics", as well as stage plays and films in which adultery was "the fashionable theme".[66]
- Born: Silvana Mangano, Italian actress, in Rome (d. 1989)[67]
- Died: Robert Bridges, 85, English poet[68]
April 22, 1930 (Tuesday)
- The London Naval Treaty was signed by representatives of the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy and the United States, limiting the tonnage of warships until 1936. France and Italy were exempted from the section that set limitations on total tonnage, but it was hoped that they would sign on to the full treaty at a later date.[69]
- 57 revolutionaries who participated in the Chittagong raid were surrounded on the Jalalabad range by government forces. 64 British troops and 11 revolutionaries were killed in the ensuing battle.[70]
- Died: Jeppe Aakjær, 63, Danish poet and novelist[71]
April 23, 1930 (Wednesday)
- The Chicago Crime Commission labeled 28 men as "public enemies", popularizing the use of that term in the general lexicon. Al Capone was named "Public Enemy Number 1". Other names on the list included Terry Druggan, Jack McGurn, Bugs Moran, Joseph Saltis and Jack Zuta.[72][73]
April 24, 1930 (Thursday)
- Edda Mussolini and Count Galeazzo Ciano were married at the Church of San Giuseppe in Rome, Italy.[74]
- Born: José Sarney, 31st President of Brazil, in Pinheiro, Maranhão[75]
- Died: Adele Ritchie, 55, American comic opera singer, of a self-inflicted gunshot wound, after fatally shooting set designer Doris Miller.[76]
April 25, 1930 (Friday)
- In the United States, Ralph Capone was found guilty on four counts of tax fraud.[77]
- Born: Paul Mazursky, US film director, screenwriter and actor, in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2014)[78]
April 26, 1930 (Saturday)
- Vithalbhai Patel resigned as President of the Central Legislative Assembly of India in sympathy with the independence movement.[79]
- British football team Arsenal defeated Huddersfield Town 2–0 in the FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium.[80]
April 27, 1930 (Sunday)
- For the first time in history, an international radiotelephone call was made from a speeding train. Canadian National Railway President Sir Henry Worth Thornton phoned the U.S. commerce secretary Robert P. Lamont in Washington, then his Canadian counterpart James Malcolm, and finally made a call to the vice president of the company in London during the inauguration of a new train service from Montreal to Chicago.[81]
- A plane crashed onto a railroad embankment during an air show at Fayetteville, Tennessee, United States. The pilot, Milton P. Covert, survived, but nine spectators were killed and about 20 injured.[82][83]
April 28, 1930 (Monday)
- The Turkestan–Siberia Railway opened, connecting the cities of Arys and Novosibirsk. Construction continued until January 1931 and the four-year project cost over 161 million rubles in total.[84][85]
- The Independence, Kansas baseball team of the Class C Western Association hosted the first regular season night game in organized baseball history. The visiting Muskogee Chiefs beat the Independence Producers under the lights by a score of 13–3 before a crowd of 1,000.[86][87]
- A solar eclipse occurred on this day, with the path of totality passing through the northwestern United States and across central and eastern Canada.[88]
- Born: James Baker, US attorney and government official, in Houston, Texas[89]
- Died: Charles Grandmougin, 80, French poet and playwright[90]
April 29, 1930 (Tuesday)
- Film producer and executive David O. Selznick married socialite Irene Mayer (daughter of film producer Louis B. Mayer) in a simple ceremony at Mayer's house in Hollywood, United States.[91]
- Born: Jean Rochefort, actor, in Paris, France (d. 2017)[92]
April 30, 1930 (Wednesday)
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