Athiyamān

Atiyamāṉ (also known as Adhiyamān, Adigamān or Satyaputra-Atiyān) were a royal Kongu Tamil dynasty. These king-chiefs ruled from their capital Tagadur[3] (present day Dharmapuri) from at least the 3rd century BCE. The royal house was one of the four kingdoms of Tamilakam, ruling parts of the Kongu Nadu. They were surrounded by the Cheras to the west and the Pandyas and Cholas to the east.

Atikamāṉ
Official languageTamil
Family DynastyAdiyaman or Satyaputo-Athiyaman
HouseChera[1][2]
CapitalTagadur
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The Atiyamāṉs are mentioned in the Puranas as well as in ancient Tamil literature. Their rule in Southern India is mentioned in rock inscriptions of the Sangam period as well as in the Edicts of Asoka dated to the 3rd century BCE and the Gummireddipura plates with the added title Satyaputra – the "members of the fraternity of truth", synonymous with the Chera clan.[4] Vidukalagiya Perumal, an eighth century chief of this family is described as the descendant of Adigaman Elini of Chera dynasty (vamsa) in one of his epigraphs.[1][2] A number of inscriptions in Jambai (also known as "Tirukkoyilur") add details of their sovereignty in the 1st century CE.[5] This ruling tribe rose in prominence during the classical period of the history of Tamil Nadu. Their most famous ruler was Athiyamān Nedumān Añci, a powerful king who was one of the Kadai ezhu vallal (7 great patrons) of arts and literature in Tamilakam.

Kingdom

The Athiyamān was a small kingdom situated on the eastern valley of Malaya Mountains of the Western Ghats (Anamala, Palani and Nilgiri).

Inscriptions

Ashoka mentions the Athiyaman clan in his inscriptions along with the Cholas, Pandyas and the Kerala putras (Cheras). The Athiyamans wielded sufficient power in the time of Asoka (3rd century BCE) almost on par with the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas.

"Ye Ca anta ata Choda, Pandiya, Satiyaputo, Ketalaputo, Tam bapanni, Antiyogo naama, Yonalaja"

Everywhere in the conquered dominions of king Priyadarsin, the beloved of the gods, and the dominions on the borders as those of the Chola, the Pandya, the Satiyaputra, the Cheralaputra, Tamraparni, the Yavana King named Antiyoka and the other neighbouring kings of this Antiyoka...

In several excavated Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions dated to 1st century CE[6] found at Jambai, Tirukkoyilur of Viluppuram district, South Arcot in Tamil Nadu mention is made again of the dynasty:[7][8]

Tamil Inscription at Jambai, Tirukovilur, Tamil Nadu
"Satyaputō Athiyan Nedumān Añji itta Pali"[9]
The abode given by Athiyan Nedumān Añji, the Satyaputō[10]

The inscription mentions the Athiyā Chief Neduman Anci, a heroic historic king celebrated in volumes of the Sangam literature classics Purananuru and Akananuru. This Athiymān king was a descendant of the Satyaputra dynasty mentioned in Asoka's edicts.[11] The inscription records the endowment of a cave-shelter by the chieftain Atiyan Netuman Anci who sports the title Satiyaputo. The inscription gives the name of his clan (Atiyan), of his father (Netuman) and of himself (Anci). This clear statement enables researchers with absolute certainty, to identify a chieftain mentioned in the Tamil Sangam literature with a personage figuring in a Tamil-Brahmi inscription.[12]

The Satyaputra-Athiyamān wielded sufficient power in the 3rd century BCE to be considered on par with the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas, a power which continued for the next four centuries.

The Gummireddipura plates make mention of the Satyaputra Adigaman dynasty.

See also

Notes
  1. Adoor K. K. Ramachandran Nair. Kerala State Gazetteer, Volume 2, Issue 1. State Editor, Kerala Gazetteers, 1986 - Kerala (India). p. 229.
  2. V. Manickam. Kongu Nadu, a History Up to A.D. 1400. Makkal Veliyeedu, 2001 - Kongu Region (India) - 647 pages. p. 151.
  3. Subramanian, T. S. (4 July 2009). "'Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions are the only record of old Tamil'". Frontline. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  4. "Brahmi Inscription - Department of Archeology, Govt. of Tamil Nadu". Government Archeology Department of Tamil Nadu state.
  5. "Brahmi Inscription | Department Of Archaeology". www.tnarch.gov.in. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  6. "History | Tiruvannamalai District, Govt. of Tamil Nadu | India". Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  7. Asoka and the Tamil Country: The Evidence Of Archaeology - Dr. R. Nagasamy, Tamil Arts Academy
  8. "South Indian Inscriptions Volume_13 - Cholas Inscriptions @ whatisindia.com". Archaeological Survey of India. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  9. Kongu Nadu, a history up to A.D. 1400, page 152
  10. Saptar̥ṣīśvara temple in the lower Kaveri Delta, page 13
  11. Dr. R. Nagasamy, Asoka and the Tamil Country: The Evidence Of Archaeology
  12. I. Mahadevan, RECENT DISCOVERIES OF JAINA CAVE INSCRIPTIONS IN TAMILNADU

References
  • Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta, A History of South India (1955), OUP, New Delhi
  • Iravatham Mahadevan. "RECENT DISCOVERIES OF JAINA CAVE INSCRIPTIONS IN TAMILNADU". "Rishabh Saurabh" Published on the occasion of Seminar on "Jaina Heritage of Karnataka, held at Bangalore ( Organised by Rishabh Dev Foundation , Delhi ) on 4th & 5th April 1994". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
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