Beit Jimal

Church interior

St. Stephen church interior.

Beit Jimal, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the tax registers of 1596, it was a village in the nahiya of Gaza, Sanjak of Gaza, with a population of 37 households, all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 3,500 akçe.[11]

In 1838, Beit el-Jemal was noted as a Muslim village in the Er-Ramleh area.[12] It was further noted to be in "ruins".[13]

Victor Guérin visited in 1863, and reported that the inhabitants suffered from fevers.[14] An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed that Bayt Jimal had a population of 21, with a total of 8 houses, though the population count included men, only.[15][16] Land was purchased in 1869 by Fr. Antonio Belloni, who set up the Beit Gemal School of Agriculture for the benefit of underprivileged youth, especially orphans in 1873.[2] By 1881, a Latin Convent was being built there,[3] known as the Latin Hospice and Orphanage.[17] The land was purchased by the Marquis of Bute, and given by him to Don Belloni for the construction of an Agricultural School, similar to the one established by him in Bethlehem.[17] In 1892, Don Belloni transferred the Orphanage and School to a religious society known as the Salesians founded by Don Bosco at Turin.[17][2][18] The Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine in 1883 described Beit Jimal as a small village.[3] In 1899, there were about 30 orphans housed at the Beit Jimal Orphanage, along with nuns and brothers of the society.

After the war's end, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned and Mandatory Palestine was accorded to the United Kingdom by the League of Nations. In a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Jamal had a population of 59; 56 Christians and 3 Muslims,[19] where the Christians were 29 Roman Catholics, 24 Melkites and 2 Maronites.[20]

By the 1931 census this had increased to 168; 78 Christians and 90 Muslims, in a total of 22 houses.[21]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Jimal consisted of 240; 120 Muslims and 120 Christians[22] and the land area was 4,878 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[23] Of this, 715 dunams were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,899 for cereals,[24] while 1,264 dunams were classified as non-cultivable land.[25]

During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the village was occupied by Egyptian troops, before being evicted by the Har'el Brigade in Operation Ha-Har.[26]

Bayt Jimal Monastery, 1948. The original caption says it was also an agricultural school.

Beit Jimal 1947 1:20,000

The large campus is in the possession of the Society of St Francis de Sales (Salesians of Don Bosco), who have a monastery. Besides this, there are two other monasteries, one for men (since 2000) and one for women (since 1987), belonging to the Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno (or simply Monks and Sisters of Bethlehem). The nuns do not belong to Salesian Sisters who left the place in 1985. These monks and nuns spend time in silence, prayer and work.

Next to the Salesian house there is also a small and well-appointed church, called St. Stephen, built in 1930 on the ruins of a 5th-century Byzantine church discovered on the site discovered in 1916, during works to enlarge the monastery garden. The mosaics on the external walls are those excavated from the Byzantine church. Tradition holds that St. Stephen was buried by Gamaliel in his own private tomb in Caphargamala.[2] Fine mosaics from the period were also brought to light.[2] The monastery produces and markets its own honey, olive oil and wine, the last of which is processed at the Cremisan monastery winery just south of Jerusalem. The monastery has a small shop that offers its locally made olive oil and red wines.[2]

An alternative suggests that the cave site may have contained a mikveh belonging to a wealthy Jewish family. The name Beit Jamal appears to preserve the toponym Kfar Gamala (Gamala Village), which in turn suggests a link to rabbi Gamaliel.[2] The agricultural school was closed by authorities in 1967.

A statue erected in 2000 commemorating Saint Stephen's martyrdom is the work of Israeli artist Igael Tumarkin.[2]

There is a small concert hall, where concerts are played on some weekends.

In 2013, the monastery suffered from a "price tag" attack, when the hallway of the monastery was firebombed and the slogans "price tag," "death to the Gentiles," and "revenge" were sprayed on its walls.[27][28]