Blue Moon (1934 song)

"Blue Moon" is a classic popular song written by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart in 1934. It may be the first instance of the familiar "50s progression" in a popular song and has become a standard ballad. The song was a hit twice in 1949 with successful recordings in the U.S. by Billy Eckstine and Mel Tormé. In 1961, "Blue Moon" became an international number-one hit for the doo-wop group The Marcels, on the Billboard 100 chart and in the UK Singles chart. Over the years, "Blue Moon" has been covered by various artists, including versions by Frank Sinatra, Billie Holiday, Elvis Presley, Sam Cooke, The Platters, The Mavericks, Dean Martin, Yvonne De Carlo, The Supremes, Cyndi Lauper, Bob Dylan and Rod Stewart. Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album On the Happy Side (1962). The Cowboy Junkies recorded the song on their album The Trinity Sessions. It is also the anthem[1] of English Football League club Crewe Alexandra and English Premier League football club Manchester City, who have both adapted the song slightly.

For the song by Steve Holy, see Blue Moon (Steve Holy song).

"Blue Moon"
Song
Published1934 by Robbins Music
Composer(s)Richard Rodgers
Lyricist(s)Lorenz Hart

Background

Rodgers and Hart were contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in May 1933. They were soon commissioned to write the songs for Hollywood Party, a film that was to star many of the studio's top artists. Rodgers recalled, "One of our ideas was to include a scene in which Jean Harlow is shown as an innocent young girl saying—or rather singing—her prayers. How the sequence fitted into the movie I haven't the foggiest notion, but the purpose was to express Harlow's overwhelming ambition to become a movie star ('Oh Lord, if you're not busy up there,/I ask for help with a prayer/So please don't give me the air ...')." The song was not recorded (the movie was released without Harlow in 1934[2]) and MGM Song No. 225 "Prayer (Oh Lord, make me a movie star)" dated June 14, 1933, was registered for copyright as an unpublished work on July 10, 1933.[3]

Hart wrote new lyrics for the tune to create a title song for the 1934 film Manhattan Melodrama: "Act One:/You gulp your coffee and run;/Into the subway you crowd./Don't breathe, it isn't allowed".[4] The song, which was also titled "It's Just That Kind of Play", was cut from the film before release, and registered for copyright as an unpublished work on March 30, 1934. The studio then asked for a nightclub number for the film. Rodgers still liked the melody so Hart wrote a third lyric: "The Bad in Every Man" ("Oh, Lord ... /I could be good to a lover,/But then I always discover/The bad in ev'ry man"[4]), which was sung by Shirley Ross.

After the film was released by MGM, Jack Robbins—the head of the studio's publishing company[5]—decided that the tune was suited to commercial release but needed more romantic lyrics and a punchier title. Hart was initially reluctant to write yet another lyric but he was persuaded.[3] Robbins licensed the song to Hollywood Hotel, a radio program that used it as the theme. The cover of Robbins' 1934 sheet music edition credits Ted Fio Rito (vocal by Muzzy Marcellino) as introducing the song, recorded on Brunswick 7315, October 19, 1934.[6] The song charted in the Top Ten for 18 weeks in Variety, reaching number 1 on January 26, 1935.[7] The song was also recorded by Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra for Decca Records in November 1934[8] and Connee Boswell for Brunswick Records in 1935. It subsequently was featured in at least seven MGM films, including the Marx Brothers' At the Circus (1939) and Viva Las Vegas (1964).[3] There are two introductory verses in the original Robbins sheet music edition. Eric Clapton and Rod Stewart sang the first verse in their 2004 version of the song (Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III). The last line of the first verse is: "Life was a bitter cup for the saddest of all men."[9]

On September 16, 2018, an article in The New York Times disclosed that Liz Roman Gallese, a documentary filmmaker, has provided evidence on her website of a 1936 lawsuit contending "Blue Moon" was written by her late father, Edward W. Roman. The family story was "that her father had sold the song for $900 to buy a car, or maybe that he had 'settled' with the rich and famous Rodgers and Hart for that amount." Ted Chapin, the chief creative officer of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization, said that he had not heard of Gallese's story and that it seemed “a little far-fetched. ”[10]

Billy Eckstine version
"Blue Moon"
Single by Billy Eckstine
B-side"Fools Rush In"
Released1947[11]
Recorded1947
GenreJazz
LabelMGM
Songwriter(s)Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart[12]

Background

American swing era singer Billy Eckstine did a cover version of "Blue Moon" that reached the Billboard charts in 1949. It was released by MGM Records as catalog number 10311. It first reached the Juke Box chart on March 5, 1949, and lasted three weeks on the chart, peaking at number 21.[13][14]

Chart performance
Chart (1949) Peak
position
U.S. Billboard 21

Mel Tormé version
"Blue Moon"
Single by Mel Tormé
B-side"Again"
Released1949
Recorded1949
GenreJazz
LabelCapitol
Songwriter(s)Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart[12]

Background

American jazz singer Mel Tormé did a cover version of "Blue Moon" that reached the Billboard charts in 1949. It was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 15428. It first reached the Best Seller chart on April 8, 1949, and lasted five weeks on the chart, peaking at number 20. The record was a two-sided hit, as the flip side, "Again", also charted.[13][15]

Chart performance
Chart (1949) Peak
position
U.S. Billboard 20

Billie Holiday version
"Blue Moon"
Song by Billie Holiday
from the album Billie Holiday Sings
Released1952
RecordedMarch 26, 1952
GenreJazz
LabelClef
Songwriter(s)Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart[12]

Background

American jazz singer Billie Holiday recorded a cover of "Blue Moon" in her 1952 album Billie Holiday Sings.

Elvis Presley version
"Blue Moon"
Single by Elvis Presley
from the album Elvis Presley
A-side"Just Because"
ReleasedAugust 31, 1956
RecordedAugust 19, 1954
GenreBallad
Length2:31
LabelRCA Victor/ RCA Camden/ RCA
Songwriter(s)Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart[12]

Background

"Blue Moon"'s first crossover recording to rock and roll came from Elvis Presley in 1954, produced by Sam Phillips. His cover version of the song was included on his 1956 debut album Elvis Presley, issued on RCA Records. Presley's remake of "Blue Moon" was coupled with "Just Because" as a single in August 1956. "Blue Moon" spent seventeen weeks on the Billboard Top 100, although it reached only No. 55.

In Jim Jarmusch's 1989 film Mystery Train, the three distinct stories that make up the narrative are linked by a portion of Presley's version of "Blue Moon" (as heard on a radio broadcast) and a subsequent offscreen gunshot, which are heard once during each story, revealing that the three stories occur simultaneously in real time.

Marcels version
"Blue Moon"
Single by The Marcels
from the album Blue Moon
B-side"Goodbye to Love"
ReleasedFebruary 1961
Recorded1961
GenreDoo wop, R&B
Length2:15
LabelColpix
Songwriter(s)Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart[12]
Producer(s)Stu Phillips, Danny Winchell[16][17]
The Marcels singles chronology
"Blue Moon"
(1961)		 "Summertime"
(1961)

Background

The Marcels, a doo-wop group, recorded the track for their album Blue Moon. In 1961, the Marcels had three songs left to record and needed one more. Producer Stu Phillips did not like any of the other songs except one that had the same chord changes as "Heart and Soul" and "Blue Moon". He asked them if they knew either, and one knew "Blue Moon" and taught it to the others, though with the bridge or release (middle section – "I heard somebody whisper ...") wrong.[18] The famous introduction to the song ("bomp-baba-bomp" and "dip-da-dip-da-dip") was an excerpt of an original song that the group had in its act.

Reception

The record reached number one on the Billboard Pop chart for three weeks and number one on the R&B chart.[19] It also peaked at No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart. The Marcels' version of "Blue Moon" sold a million copies, and was awarded a gold disc.[20] It is featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. The Marcels doo-wop version is one of three different versions used in the 1981 film An American Werewolf in London with this version appearing at the end credits of the film. A version by Bobby Vinton plays during the film's opening titles while a version by Sam Cooke plays during the film's famous werewolf transformation scene. The Marcels' version of the song is referenced in the 1962 Academy Award-nominated animated short Disney musical film, A Symposium on Popular Songs during the song, "Puppy Love Is Here to Stay" written by Robert & Richard Sherman.

Chart performance
Chart (1961) Peak
position
UK Singles Chart[21] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[22] 1
US R&B Singles[19] 1

Mavericks version

Background

American country music group the Mavericks covered the song for the soundtrack of the 1995 film Apollo 13. Their version peaked at number 57 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada. It also charted on the RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, peaking at number 15. A music video was produced, directed by Todd Hallowell.

Chart performance
Chart (1995) Peak
position
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[23] 15
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[24] 57

Rod Stewart version

Background

British singer Rod Stewart recorded the song with Eric Clapton for Stewart's 2004 album Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III. Their version was released as a single in early 2005 and peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart in the US.[25]

Chart performance
Chart (2005) Peak
position
U.S. Adult Contemporary Chart 23

See also

References
  1. "Manchester City anthem Blue Moon". Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. IMDB
  3. Brent, Bill. "The Story of Blue Moon", Weekly Bugle. Retrieved June 6, 2005.
  4. Kanfer, Stefan. "Richard Rodgers: Enigma Variations", City Journal, Autumn 2003.
  5. Martini, Alessandro. "Song: Blue Moon", LorenzHart.org Archived 16 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved June 6, 2005.
  6. Brunswick 7300 Series Numerical Listing. This exact date may be incorrect as both October 19 and November 19 are cited for the same session. Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra is also cited as making the first recording for Decca on November 16, 1934.
  7. Brooks, Elston. I've Heard Those Songs Before: The Weekly Top Ten Tunes for the Last Fifty Years. Morrow Quill Paperbacks, p. 52. ISBN 0-688-00379-6
  8. Decca 100 - 500 Numerical Listing
  9. Stewart, Rod. Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III, CD, J-Records, 2004.
  10. Barron, James (16 September 2018). "Elvis and Ella Fitzgerald Sang It. She Says Her Father Wrote It". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  11. "Billy Eckstine - Blue Moon / Fools Rush In". discogs. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  12. Hart, Lorenzo; Hart, Dorothy; Kimball, Robert. The Complete Lyrics of Lorenz Hart (New York: Knopf, 1986). ISBN 0-394-54680-6
  13. Whitburn, Joel (1973). Top Pop Records 1940-1955. Record Research.
  14. "Billy Eckstine| Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  15. "Mel Tormé | Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  16. "The Marcels - Blue Moon (Song)". uk-charts.com. eMedia Jungen. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  17. Oermann, Robert K. (21 February 2011). "Radio Host Danny Winchell Passes". MusicRow. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  18. Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits: The Inside Story Behind Every Number One Single on Billboard's Hot 100 from 1955 to the Present (5 ed.). Billboard Books. p. 87. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6.
  19. Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–2004. Record Research. p. 376.
  20. Murrells, Joseph (1978). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p. 137. ISBN 0-214-20512-6.
  21. "Official Charts – Blue Moon". The Official UK Charts Company. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  22. "The Marcels | Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  23. "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 2769." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. October 9, 1995. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
  24. "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 2758." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. September 18, 1995. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
  25. "Rod Stewart - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
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