Bradford City A.F.C.

The Bradford City team which won the 1911 FA Cup

Bradford City were formed in 1903 as a result of a series of meetings called by James Whyte, a sub-editor of the Bradford Observer, with Football Association representatives and officials at Manningham F.C., a rugby league side.[1] The Football League saw the invitation as a chance to promote association football in the rugby league-dominated county of the West Riding of Yorkshire. It duly elected the new club into Division Two of the league, in place of Doncaster Rovers. Four days later, at the 23rd annual meeting of Manningham FC, the committee decided to change codes from rugby league to association football. Bradford City Association Football Club were formed without having played a game, taking over Manningham's colours of claret and amber, and their Valley Parade ground.[2]

Robert Campbell was appointed the club's first manager and with the help of the new committee, he assembled a playing squad at the cost of £917 10s 0d.[3][4] City's first game was a 2–0 defeat at Grimsby Town on 1 September 1903,[5] six days before their first home game attracted 11,000 fans.[6] The club finished 10th in their first season.[4] Peter O'Rourke took over as manager in November 1905, and he led City to the Division Two title in 1907–08 and with it promotion to the Division One.[7] Having narrowly avoided relegation in their first season in the top flight, City recorded their highest finish of 5th in 1910–11.[8] The same season they won the FA Cup, when a goal from captain Jimmy Speirs won the final replay against Newcastle United.[9] City's defence of the cup, which included the first Bradford derby against Bradford Park Avenue, was stopped by Barnsley after a run of 12 consecutive clean sheets.[10][11]

A graph showing Bradford City's league history

City remained in the top flight in the period up to the First World War and for three seasons afterwards, but were relegated in 1921–22 along with Manchester United.[12][13] Back in Division Two, attendances dropped and City struggled for form,[14] with five consecutive finishes in the bottom half of the table. They suffered a second relegation to Division Three (North) in 1926–27.[12] Two seasons later, O'Rourke, who had initially retired in 1921 following the death of his son, returned and guided City to promotion with a record haul of 128 goals.[7][15] O'Rourke left for a second time after one more season, and although City spent a total of eight seasons back in Division Two, they rarely looked like earning promotion back to the top flight. Instead in 1936–37, the club were relegated back to Division Three (North).[16] City won their third piece of silverware two seasons later, when they lifted the Third Division North Challenge Cup, but they were unable to defend the trophy because competitive football was suspended for the Second World War.[17]

After the war, City went through two managers in the first two seasons,[18] and were consistently in the bottom half of the Division Three (North) table until 1955–56. After three successive top half finishes,[19] City were placed in the new Division Three in 1958–59. Bradford spent just three seasons in Division Three, but during their relegation season in 1960–61,[20] they upset Division One side Manchester United in the inaugural season of the League Cup.[21] With 34 goals from David Layne, City nearly earned an instant promotion the following season 1961–62, but it did also include a record 9–1 defeat to Colchester United.[20] Layne left for Sheffield Wednesday,[22] and without him City finished second from bottom of the league and had to apply for re-election.[20] Bradford City just failed to win promotion in 1963–64, winning more games than any other team in the division that season, twenty five, with Rodney Green top scoring with 29 league goals. There followed three difficult seasons during which time manager Grenville Hair died following a heart attack in training, City returned to Division Three getting promoted in 1968–69. City's stay in Division Three lasted just three years, when they finished bottom in 1971–72.[23] Promotion via fourth spot was won again in 1976–77 but it was instantly followed by a relegation season.[24]

A memorial, erected on the club's new main stand at Valley Parade, to the victims of the fire in 1985

City failed to win promotion for three successive seasons, until the board appointed former England centre back Roy McFarland as manager in May 1981. McFarland won promotion in his first season, but was poached by his former club Derby County just six months later.[24] City won compensation from Derby and installed another England international Trevor Cherry as McFarland's replacement.[25] Cherry, with former teammate Terry Yorath as his assistant manager, failed to win for two months, but eventually the pair guided City to safety from relegation.[26] During the summer, however, the club chairman Bob Martin had to call in the official receivers. The club was saved by former chairman Stafford Heginbotham and former board member Jack Tordoff, but to ensure the club could start the new season, prize asset, striker Bobby Campbell was sold to Derby. City struggled but so did Campbell, and when he returned, the club went on a record run of ten successive victories. Although they missed out on promotion, City won the league the following season 1984–85, to return to the second tier of The Football League. However, City's triumph was overshadowed by the fire disaster, which killed 56 people when Valley Parade caught fire in the final game of the season.[27]

City played games away from Valley Parade for 19 months.[28] But just ten days after the new £2.6 million ground was opened, Cherry was sacked.[29] His replacement, Terry Dolan steered City away from possible relegation,[30] before he mounted a promotion challenge the following season. City went top of the table in September 1987, but fell away during Christmas and missed out on promotion on the final day of the season. Instead they entered the play-offs, but were defeated in the semi-finals by Middlesbrough.[31] Two years later City were relegated back to Division Three. For three seasons, City finished mid-table in the third tier, which was renamed Division Two following the advent of the Premier League.

Bradford City against Fulham at Valley Parade during the early 1990s

In January 1994, Geoffrey Richmond came from Scarborough to take over as chairman,[32] and promised to guide City to the Premier League within five years. He cleared the debts and after four months sacked manager Frank Stapleton to appoint his own manager, Lennie Lawrence.[32] Lawrence left after little more than a year to join Luton Town but his successor, Chris Kamara took City to the play-offs and their first game at Wembley Stadium. They defeated Notts County 2–0 in the final to earn promotion to Division One.[32] City avoided relegation the following season by winning their last two league games 1–0 against Charlton and then beating Queens Park Rangers 3–0 on the final day of the season, but Kamara was sacked in January 1998.[33][34] Paul Jewell took over, initially on a temporary basis, before he was given a permanent contract. He bought the club's first £1 million signings and guided the club to the Premier League—the first time they had been in the top flight for 77 years—with a second-place finish.[35][36] The following season, Jewell continued to defy the critics, who labelled his team Dad's Army, by avoiding relegation again on the last day with a 1–0 victory over Liverpool, with a goal from David Wetherall.[37]

However, Jewell left shortly afterwards. His assistant Chris Hutchings was promoted to the manager's position,[38] and despite a series of new expensive signings,[39][40] he was sacked by November 2000, with City second from bottom of the league.[41] Jim Jefferies took over but could not save the club from relegation.[42][43] At the end of the first season back in Division One, City were placed in administration with debts of nearly £13 million.[44] Two years later, the club suffered a second spell in administration and a second relegation.[45] Two top-half finishes followed, but the club were relegated for a third time in seven seasons in 2006–07 meaning the following season would be their first in the bottom tier for 26 seasons.[46] Former player Stuart McCall was appointed the new manager,[47] and although he said anything less than promotion would be a failure,[48] he later changed his mind after a poor start and finally led the team to a 10th-place finish.[49][50] McCall eventually left Bradford City on 8 February 2010 following a board meeting after a run of poor results.[51]

In September 2011 the club became linked with American amateur side SC United Bantams.[52]

In January 2013, City became the first club from the fourth tier of English football since Rochdale in 1962 to reach the Football League Cup final, and the first fourth tier club ever to reach a major Wembley Cup Final. They defeated three Premier League sides en route to the final – Wigan Athletic 4–2 on penalties in the fourth round, Arsenal 3–2 on penalties in the quarter-finals and Aston Villa 4–3 on aggregate over the two legs of the semi-final. They met Premier League side Swansea City in the final at Wembley, but lost 0–5.[53] The run to the final is thought to be worth at least £1.3 million to the club, with the club's joint chairman Mark Lawn stating that the final itself could be worth an additional £1 million, taking the club's total earnings to £2.3 million during their 2012–13 Football League Cup campaign.[54] On 18 May 2013, the club returned to Wembley where they defeated Northampton Town F.C. 3–0 in the League Two Playoff Final to secure a place in League One for 2013–14.[55]

On 24 January 2015, Bradford City caused an upset by beating Premiership-leaders Chelsea 4–2 away in the FA Cup. The victory sent Bradford through to the 5th round for the first time in eighteen years.[56] They beat Sunderland, another Premier League club, 2–0 at home in the next round on 15 February 2015.[57] In the Quarter Finals, The Bantams faced Reading F.C. at home, in a game that ended in a goalless draw. The replay was played on 16 March 2015 at the Madejski Stadium, where Reading won 3–0[58] and knocked the third-tier division club out of the competition.[59]

The club was relegated to League Two in April 2019.[60]

Bradford City is the only professional football club in England to wear claret and amber. The club colours were inherited from Manningham FC, when the club converted to football upon Bradford City's foundation in 1903. However, whereas Manningham played in hoops, the new football club adopted claret and amber stripes.[61] Manningham RFC adopted the colours in 1884 before the move to Valley Parade in 1886. Having originally worn black shirts with white shorts, the club's first game in claret and amber was against Hull on 20 September 1884, at Carlisle Road.

The reason Manningham chose claret and amber is not documented but it was the same colours of The Prince of Wales's Own West Yorkshire Regiment, which was based at Belle Vue Barracks on nearby Manningham Lane. Both Manningham, from 1886, and Bradford City, from 1903 to 1908, used the barracks as changing and club rooms.

Bradford City has worn claret and amber, with either white or black, since it was founded. Since the fire in 1985, the club has used black on the kit as a memorial to the 56 supporters who died.[62] The club's away shirt has traditionally been white and to a lesser extent also blue, but there has been a profusion of other colours and designs particularly in more recent years. The away kit for the 2008–09 season was all white.[62] For the 2009–10 season, the away kit was all black with a thin claret and amber stripe down the centre-left.

City scarves have also sold in large numbers in recent years to fans of Harry Potter, because the colours are the same as Harry's house scarf at Hogwarts School.[63]

A number of other clubs across the world wear claret and amber. They include Scottish club Motherwell, who originally wore blue and white until they wore claret and amber for the first time on 23 August 1913, against Celtic. It is erroneously believed that Motherwell chose the claret and amber colours because they were the racing colours of Lord Hamilton; it is more likely that Motherwell were influenced by Bradford City's English FA cup win in 1911.[64]

The club's crest combines a series of logos from over the years. In 1974, City adopted a contemporary style crest incorporating the club's initials, with a B-C logo. At the time, the new logo maintained the previous nickname of the Paraders. By December 1981, the club relaunched the Bantams as the official identity with a bantam on the new crest. The crest maintains the club colours and also includes the words The Bantams.

Bradford City have had a number of nicknames during the history. In their early years, they were referred to as the Robins or Wasps, taking over the nickname of Manningham FC, as a result of Manningham's claret and amber hoops.[4] Other nicknames have been the Citizens or Paraders, but the club is better known as the Bantams.

Valley Parade was the site of a quarry on the hillside below Manningham, Bradford, owned by Midland Railway Company, in 1886, when Manningham RFC bought one-third of the land and leased the remainder, because they had been forced to find a new home. They spent £1,400 erecting a ground with a capacity of 20,000, club facilities and levelling the land.[65] When Bradford City were formed in 1903, they took over the ground Valley Parade, which was also at this time the headquarters of The 2nd West Riding Brigade Royal Field Artillery (Territorial Force), playing their first home game on 5 September 1903 against Gainsborough Trinity, drawing a crowd of 11,000.[6][66] Five years later, the club won promotion to Division One, and so commissioned football architect Archibald Leitch to redevelop the ground. The capacity was increased to 40,000 by December 1908 with a 5,300-seater main stand, a terraced paddock in front, a Spion Kop, and an 8,000-capacity Midland Road stand.[67] Its first game against Bristol City on Christmas Day attracted a crowd of 36,000.[68] On 11 March 1911, Valley Parade attracted its highest attendance 39,146, for an FA Cup game between Bradford City and Burnley during Bradford's FA Cup winning run.[69]

Until 1952, by which time Bradford City had bought the remaining two-thirds of the ground to own it outright,[70] the ground remained virtually unchanged.[68][71] However, twice during the next decade, the club's Midland Road stand had to be demolished. Club officials first closed part of the stand in 1952, as a result of the Burnden Park disaster six years earlier. Its frame was sold to Berwick Rangers and a replacement stand built in 1954.[70] Six years later, the new stand was itself demolished, and Valley Parade remained a three-sided ground until 1966, when the pitch was moved, and a new stand built.[72]

The Bradford End of Valley Parade, which was the first to be redeveloped after the ground reopened in 1986

On 11 May 1985, Valley Parade was the scene of a fatal fire, during which 56 supporters were killed and at least 265 were injured. The game was the final match of the 1984–85 season, before which City were presented with the Division Three championship trophy. The fire destroyed the main stand in just nine minutes.[65][73] The club played its home games at Odsal Stadium, a rugby league ground in Bradford, Elland Road, Leeds, and Leeds Road, the former home of Huddersfield Town, until December 1986, while Valley Parade was redeveloped.[74] The club spent £2.6 million building a new main stand and improving the Kop, and reopened the new ground on 14 December 1986 for an exhibition match against an England international XI.[75]

In 1991, the Bradford end of the ground was the next to be redeveloped, and was converted into a two-tier stand with a scoreboard. In 1996, following City's promotion to Division One, club chairman Geoffrey Richmond announced the construction of a 4,500 seater stand on the Midland Road side. Ahead of promotion to the Premiership in 1999, Richmond spent another £6.5 million to convert the Kop into a two-tier 7,500-seat capacity stand.[76] A corner stand between the Kop and main stand was opened in December 2000, taking the capacity to 20,000 for the first time since 1970.[77] The following summer, the main stand was also converted into a two-tier stand, taking the capacity to 25,136. Further projects were planned until the club went into administration in May 2002 so none have taken place.[76] The following year, Valley Parade was sold to Gibb's pension fund for £5 million, with the club's offices, the shop and car park sold to London-based Development Securities for £2.5 million,[78] but these (club offices, shop and car park) were bought back by the club's joint chairmen in the summer of 2011. The club's annual rent and maintenance costs to Gibb's pension fund is £1.2m, and so as of February 2009, the club is considering a return to Odsal. The club and Bradford Bulls would share the new £50m complex, which would also feature cricket, cycling and athletics facilities.[79] Valley Parade has had several other names under sponsorship naming deals. In July 2016 it became the Northern Commercials Stadium,[80] and in July 2019 it became the Utilita Energy Stadium.[81]

The club spearheaded an initiative in 2007 to slash the price of watching professional football for the 2007–08 season.[82] As a result, season tickets to watch Bradford City were the cheapest in England at £138, the equivalent of £6 per match.[83] When the offer finished at 7 pm on Tuesday, 31 July 2007, the club confirmed the amount of season tickets sold was 12,019.[84] The scheme enabled the club to top the average league attendances for Football League Two during the 2007–08 season, attracting more than three times more than any other club. The club won the Perform Best Fan Marketing campaign category in The Football League Awards for the scheme and earned them an invitation to the Houses of Parliament.[85][86] The club aimed to attract 20,000 fans for the 2008–09 by offering a free season ticket to anyone buying a season ticket as long as 9,000 adults sign up, but they fell 704 short of the target.[87] Joint-chairman Mark Lawn announced in November 2008 that season tickets in the Bradford End for the 2009–10 season would be available for just £99 and £138 for the rest of the ground if bought in December 2008.

Season tickets for the 2013–14 season are available until 31 July 2013. Adults prices are £199, senior citizen and student tickets priced at £149 and juniors £99. For the 2015–16 season, the club announced its latest season ticket scheme aimed at continuing to make football affordable for fans. Season ticket prices were set at £149 for adults, senior citizens and students, while admission for under-11s was free when purchased with an adult ticket. An initial campaign target of 15,000 was set with a deadline for the reduced tickets of 31 July 2015.[88] On 6 July, the club announced a record-breaking 18,000 tickets had been sold following a successful campaign.[89] The campaign was repeated for the 2016–17 season, where the club sold in excess of 17,000 tickets.

Bradford City have one official mascot, Billy Bantam.

Bradford City have participated in the Bradford derby with city rivals Bradford Park Avenue.[90] The West Yorkshire derby is held between City and local rivals Leeds United and Huddersfield Town.[91][92] A "friendly" rivalry also existed with now-defunct club Halifax Town.[93]

According to a survey conducted in August 2019, Bradford City fans also see Burnley, Barnsley and Oldham Athletic as rivals.[94]

Bradford City's only participation in European football to date came in the 2000 UEFA Intertoto Cup.[95][96][97]

Season	Competition	Round	Opponents	1st leg	2nd leg	Aggregate
2000	UEFA Intertoto Cup	Second round	FK Atlantas	3–1	4–1	7–2[98]
		Third round	RKC Waalwijk	2–0	1–0	3–0[99]
		Semi–finals	FC Zenit Saint Petersburg	0–1	0–3	0–4[100]

• Football in Yorkshire

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bradford City A.F.C..

• Official site
• Site of Bradford City's bantamspast museum
• Play-off record