Buyan-class corvette

The Buyan class, (Russian: Буян, lit. 'Buyan'), Russian designations Project 21630 Buyan and Project 21631 Buyan-M, are series of corvettes (small artillery and missile ships in Russian classification) developed by Zelenodolsk Design Bureau for the Russian Navy. Since 2010, all subsequent vessels are being constructed as improved Project 21631 subclass, incorporating greater tonnage, stealth technology and the 3S14 vertical launching system for either Kalibr or Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles, significantly enhancing combat capabilities. The ships are primarily designed for operations within littoral zones to protect Russia's vast coastal areas. Due to the small tonnage, they can operate even within shallow parts of oceans and seas and Russia's river system. The export variant is known as Project 21632 Tornado.


Buyan-class corvette (pr 21630)
Buyan-M-class corvette (pr 21631)
Class overview
Name: Buyan class
Builders:
Operators:  Russian Navy
Preceded by: Nanuchka class
Succeeded by: Karakurt class
Subclasses:
  • Project 21631 Buyan-M (domestic)
  • Project 21632 Tornado (export)
Built: 2004–present
In commission: 2006–present
Planned: 15
Building: 3
Completed: 12
Active: 12
General characteristics
Type: Guided missile corvette
Displacement:
  • Buyan:
  • 500 tons (standard)[1]
  • Buyan-M:
  • 949 tons (full)[2]
Length:
  • Buyan: 62 m (203 ft)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 75 m (246 ft)[2]
Beam:
  • Buyan: 9.6 m (31 ft)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 11 m (36 ft)[2]
Height: Buyan & Buyan-M: 6.57 m (22 ft)
Draft:
  • Buyan: 2 m (7 ft)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 2.5 m (8 ft)[2]
Propulsion: Buyan & Buyan-M: 2 shaft CODAD, 4 x Zvezda M520, 14,584 shp (10,880 kW) and Kolomna Diesel, Pumpjet.
Speed:
  • Buyan: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)[2]
Range:
  • Buyan: 1,500 nmi (2,800 km; 1,700 mi)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 2,300 nmi (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 12 knots[2]
Endurance: Buyan & Buyan-M: 10 days[2]
Complement:
  • Buyan: 29-36[1]
  • Buyan-M: 52[2]
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Buyan:
  • 5P-26M Pozitiv-M phased array radar system (Pozitiv-ME1.2 for export)[3]
  • MR-231 navigation radar[3]
  • 5P-10-03 Laska fire control system (5P-10-03E for export)[3]
  • МР-123 fire control system
  • Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonar system (Anapa-ME for export)[3]
  • Buyan-M:
  • 5P-26M1 Pozitiv-M1 phased array radar system
  • MP-231-2 navigation radar
  • 5P-10-03 Laska fire control system
  • МР-123-02 fire control system
  • Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonar system
Electronic warfare
& decoys:
  • Buyan: 2 × 10 PK-10 decoy launchers[3]
  • Buyan-M: TK-25 radar jammers[4]
Armament:

Design

In August 2010, some informations about the newly modified Project 21631, dubbed as Buyan-M, were published. The Project 21631 ships are said to be an up-to-date variant of Project 21630 Buyan small artillery ship, armed with the nuclear-capable Kalibr cruise missiles (SS-N-27 Sizzler) with a claimed range of at least 1,500 km and electronic countermeasure equipment.[6][7] Ships of Project 21631 are designed to defend the national economic zones of Russia. The ships' small size and displacement enable them to operate within inland river systems, including traversing the Moscow Canal which allows them to deploy to various seas around European Russia. This is a particular advantage for the Buyan-M series, because while the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) prohibits long-range cruise missiles from operating on land they can operate from ships, so a river-based corvette can deploy missiles without being subject to restrictions. The lead ship of this project, Grad Sviyazhsk, was laid down on 27 August 2010 and commissioned on 27 July 2014.

Operational history

On 7 October 2015, corvettes Grad Sviyazhsk, Uglich, Velikiy Ustyug and Gepard-class frigate Dagestan, deployed in the Caspian Sea, launched 26 Kalibr cruise missiles at 11 terrorist targets in Syria. The missiles flew nearly 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) over Iran and Iraq and struck targets in Raqqa and Aleppo provinces (controlled by the Islamic State) as well as in Idlib province (controlled by the al-Qaeda-linked Nusra Front). According to US DoD officials, several of these cruise missiles fired from Russian ships crashed in Iran and did not make it to their intended targets in Syria.[8] An Iranian dissident organizations's TV reported that an "unidentified flying object" crashed and exploded in a village near the Iranian city of Takab.[9]

On 20 November 2015, the same warships launched 18 Kalibr cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea at seven terrorist targets in Rakka, Idlib and Aleppo provinces.

On 13 February 2016, corvette Zelenyy Dol was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea.

On 19 August 2016, corvettes Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov, deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, launched Kalibr cruise missiles at positions of Al-Nusra terrorist group in Syria. As a result of the strikes, number of terrorist facilities were destroyed, including command post and base near the village of Dar Ta Izzah and weapon production plants and warehouses in Aleppo province.

On 25 October 2016, Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov were deployed to the Baltic Sea to join a newly formed division in Kaliningrad.[6]In 2020, Zelenyy Dol and the Karakurt-class corvette Odintsovo deployed to Arctic waters utilizing Russian internal waterways and illustrating the Russian capacity to transfer light units among the Russian Navy's three western fleets and the Caspian Flotilla as might be required.[10]

Export

On 4 November 2014, during the Euronaval-2014 exhibition, it was announced Kazakhstan has sent a request for the construction of three Project 21632 Tornado small artillery/missile ships. The ships were believed to be laid down in 2015.

Ships

Italics indicate estimates

Name Builders Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Project 21630
Astrakhan Almaz Shipyard, St. Petersburg 30 January 2004 7 October 2005 1 September 2006 Caspian Active
Volgodonsk Almaz Shipyard, St. Petersburg 25 February 2005 6 May 2011[11] 28 December 2011[12] Caspian[13] Active
Makhachkala Almaz Shipyard, St. Petersburg 24 March 2006 27 April 2012 [14] 4 December 2012[15] Caspian Active
Project 21631
Grad Sviyazhsk Zelenodolsk Shipyard 27 August 2010 9 March 2013[16][17] 27 July 2014[18] Caspian Active
Uglich Zelenodolsk Shipyard 22 July 2011[19] 10 April 2013 27 July 2014 Caspian Active
Velikiy Ustyug Zelenodolsk Shipyard 27 August 2011[20] 21 May 2014 19 December 2014[21][22] Caspian Active
Zelenyy Dol Zelenodolsk Shipyard 29 August 2012[23][24] 2 April 2015 12 December 2015[25] Baltic[26] Active
Serpukhov[27] Zelenodolsk Shipyard 25 January 2013[28] 3 April 2015 12 December 2015 Baltic[26] Active
Vyshniy Volochyok Zelenodolsk Shipyard 29 August 2013[29] 22 August 2016[30] 1 June 2018[31] Black Sea Active
Orekhovo-Zuyevo Zelenodolsk Shipyard 29 May 2014 19 June 2018[32] 10 December 2018[33] Black Sea Active
Ingushetiya Zelenodolsk Shipyard 29 August 2014[34] 11 June 2019[35] 28 December 2019[36] Black Sea Active
Grayvoron Zelenodolsk Shipyard 10 April 2015[37] April 2020[38] [39] 30 January 2021[40] Black Sea Active
Grad Zelenodolsk Shipyard 24 April 2017[41] 2021? Black Sea or Baltic[42] Under construction
Naro-Fominsk Zelenodolsk Shipyard 23 February 2018[43] 2022 Black Sea Under construction
Stavropol Zelenodolsk Shipyard 12 July 2018[44] 2023 Black Sea [45] Under construction

See also

References
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  2. "Keel-laying of sixth project 21631 ship". zdship.ru. 29 August 2013. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  3. Малый артиллерийский корабль пр. 21632 «ТОРНАДО» вариант 1. zdship.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  4. "TK-25E". roe.ru. Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
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  7. "Zelenodolsky Shipyard to lay down a Project 21631 small-size missile ship". rusnavy.com. 26 August 2010. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  8. "Pentagon: Some Russian cruise missiles crashed in Iran". washingtonpost.com. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  9. "US official: 4 Russian cruise missiles fired from Caspian Sea landed inside Iran soil". english.mojahedin.org. 9 October 2015. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
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  20. На Зеленодольском заводе имени А.М. Горького состоится закладка третьего МРК типа "Буян". flotprom.ru (in Russian). 26 August 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  21. Шесть малых ракетных кораблей пополнят ВМФ России - Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер". vpk-news.ru (in Russian). 19 November 2014. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
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  45. https://iz.ru/959567/2019-12-28/v-tatarstane-postroiat-vosem-korablei-dlia-chf-k-2024-godu
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