Patrol boat

A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence, border protection, immigration law-enforcement, search and rescue duties. There have been many designs for patrol boats. They may be operated by a nation's navy, coast guard, police force or customs and may be intended for marine ("blue water") or estuarine ("green water") or river ("brown water") environments. They are commonly found engaged in various border protection roles, including anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, fisheries patrols, and immigration law enforcement. They are also often called upon to participate in rescue operations.

This article is about the naval vessel. For the Australian TV series, see Patrol Boat (TV series).

Classification

They may be broadly classified as inshore patrol vessels (IPVs) and offshore patrol vessels (OPVs). They are warships typically smaller in size than a corvette and can include fast attack craft, torpedo boats and missile boats, although some are as large as a frigate. The offshore patrol vessels are usually the smallest ship in a navy's fleet that is large and seaworthy enough to patrol off-shore in the open ocean. Smaller inshore patrol vessels also known as coastal patrol craft or coastal patrol boats. Riverine patrol craft are used for patrol river area. In larger militaries, such as in the United States military, offshore patrol vessels usually serve in the coast guard, but many smaller nation's navies operate these type of ships.

History
PCE-872, a World War II patrol craft escort of the U.S. Navy

During both World Wars in order to rapidly build up numbers, all sides created auxiliary patrol boats by arming motorboats and seagoing fishing trawlers with machine guns and obsolescent naval weapons. Some modern patrol vessels are still based on fishing and leisure boats. Seagoing patrol boats are typically around 30 m (100 ft) in length and usually carry a single medium caliber artillery gun as main armament, and a variety of lighter secondary armament such as machine guns or a close-in weapon system. Depending on role, vessels in this class may also have more sophisticated sensors and fire control systems that would enable them to carry torpedoes, anti-ship and surface-to-air missiles.

Most modern designs are powered by gas turbine arrangements such as CODAG, and speeds are generally in the 25–30 knots (46–56 km/h; 29–35 mph) range. They are primarily used for patrol in a country's exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Common tasks are fisheries inspection, anti-smuggling (usually anti-narcotics) duties, illegal immigration patrols, anti-piracy patrols and search and rescue (law enforcement-type of work). The largest OPVs might also have a flight deck and helicopter embarked. In times of crisis or war, these vessels are expected to support the larger vessels in the navy.

Their small size and relatively low cost make them one of the most common type of warship in the world. Almost all navies operate at least a few offshore patrol vessels, especially those with only "green water" capabilities. They are useful in smaller seas such as the North Sea as well as in open oceans. Similar vessels for exclusively military duties include torpedo boats and missile boats. The United States Navy operated the Pegasus class of armed hydrofoils for years, in a patrol boat role. The River Patrol Boat (PBR, sometimes called "Riverine" and "Pibber") is a U.S. design of small patrol boat type designed to patrol waters of large rivers.

Specific nations

Albania
Iliria, an example of a modern Patrol boat of the Albanian Naval Force

Albanian Naval Force

Argentina
Argentine Naval Prefecture's GC67 patrol vessel

Argentine Naval Prefecture

Royal Australian Navy
HMAS Armidale of the Royal Australian Navy

Australian Border Force Marine Unit

Others

Royal Bahamas Defence Force
  • Bahamas-class patrol vessel

Others
  • Protector-class patrol boat

Bangladesh

The Bangladesh Navy classified its medium size patrol ships as large patrol craft (LPC) which are armed with either anti-ship missiles or torpedos. Those ships typically have heavier armaments but less range than OPVs.[1][2]

BNS Nirmul, AShM armed Durjoy-class LPC of the Bangladesh Navy

Bangladesh Navy
Large patrol craft
Offshore patrol vessel
Inshore patrol vessel
ASW patrol boat
Patrol gunboat

Bangladesh Coast Guard
Leader Class OPVs of Bangladesh Coast Guard
Offshore patrol vessel
Inshore patrol vessel
Fast patrol vessel
  • Kutubdia-class
  • Porte Grande-class
Coastal patrol vessel
Riverine patrol craft
  • Pabna-class

Border Guard Bangladesh
Patrol vessel
  • BGB Shah Jalal-class[3]

Belgium

Brazil

Brunei
  • Darussalam-class offshore patrol vessel
  • Ijtihad-class patrol vessel
  • KH 27-class patrol boat
  • FDB 512-class patrol boat
  • Bendaharu-class patrol vessel
  • Perwira-class patrol vessel
  • Saleha-class patrol vessel
  • Pahlawan-class patrol vessel

Bulgaria

Canada
PTC Orca, an Orca-class patrol boat of the Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy

Canadian Coast Guard

Chile
  • Patrulleros de Zona Marítima FASSMER OPV-80 class – four of six units planned, built by ASMAR under the license of FASSMER Gmbh:
    • OPV-81 Piloto Pardo
    • OPV-82 Comandante Toro
    • OPV-83 Marinero Fuentealba – this unit has reinforced hull for Antarctic operations
    • OPV-84 Cabo Odger – with characteristics similar to the previous ship
  • 6 Micalvi-class patrol vessels – built in ASMAR
  • 18 Protector-class patrol crafts – built by ASMAR under the license of Fairey Brooke Marine
  • 4 Dabur-class patrol crafts – built in Israel

People's Liberation Army Navy
  • Harbour security boat (PBI) – four newly built 80-ton class harbour security / patrol boats, and more are planned in order to take over the port security / patrol duties currently performed by the obsolete Shantou, Beihai, Huangpu, and Yulin-class gunboats, which are increasingly being converted to inshore surveying boats and range support boats
  • Shanghai III (Type 062I)-class gunboat – 2
  • Shanghai II-class gunboat
  • Shanghai I (Type 062)-class gunboat – 150+ active and at least 100 in reserve
  • Huludao (Type 206)-class gunboat – 8+
  • Shantou-class gunboat – less than 25 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
  • Beihai-class gunboat – less than 30 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
  • Huangpu-class gunboat – less than 15 (in reserve, subordinated to naval militia)
  • Yulin-class gunboat – less than 40 (being transferred to logistic duties)

China Coast Guard

Colombia
ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera PAV-IV class patrol boat of the Colombian National Navy

Colombian Navy
  • Diligente-class patrol boat
  • Nodriza-class patrol boat
  • PAF-I-class patrol boat
  • PAF-II-class patrol boat
  • PAF-III-class patrol boat
  • PAF-IV-class patrol boat
  • Patrullera Fluvial Ligera-class patrol boat
  • Riohacha-class gunboat
  • Fassmer-80 class – built in Colombia by COTECMAR

Croatia

Denmark
HDMS Støren (P555), a Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel with the Royal Danish Navy

Royal Danish Navy

Eritrean Navy
  • Eritrea-class 60m patrol vessel

Others
  • Protector-class patrol boat

Finland
Kurki (51), a Kiisla-class patrol boat with the Finnish Navy

Finnish Navy

Finnish Border Guard

France
Maritime Gendarmerie Vedette class patrol boat

French Navy

Maritime Gendarmerie
  • Trident-class patrol boat
  • Géranium-class patrol boat
  • Jonquille-class patrol boat
  • Vedette-class patrol boat
  • Pétulante-class patrol craft
  • Pavois-class patrol craft

Germany
New Bundespolizei offshore patrol vessel BP 81 Potsdam

Greece
Hellenic Navy HSY-56A Gunboat HS Aittitos, P-268

Hellenic Navy

Hellenic Coast Guard
  • Saar 4[10] – acting as Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV)
  • Stan Patrol 5509 OPV
  • Vosper Europatrol 250 Mk1 OPV
  • Abeking & Rasmussen Patrol Vessels – class Dilos
  • POB-24G Patrol Vessels – class Faiakas
  • CB90-HCG
  • Lambro 57 and derivatives – all being boats for coastal patrols

Hong Kong (SARPRC)
Sea Panther (PL 3), a Sea Panther-class large command boat with the Hong Kong Police Marine Unit

Hong Kong Police Force

Icelandic Coast Guard

India
The Indian Coast Guard's offshore patrol vessel ICGS Vishwast (OPV-30) at the port of Kobe, Japan.
Saryu-class patrol vessel of the Indian navy

Indonesia
Main article: Indonesian Maritime Security Agency § Equipment
KN Tanjung Datu (110) of the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency
  • FPB 28, Indonesian Police and Indonesian Customs, 28 meter long patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
  • FPB 38, Indonesian Customs, 38 meter long aluminium patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
  • FPB 57, Indonesian Navy, 57 meter long patrol boat designed by Lurssen and made by PT PAL, ASM and heli deck equipped for some version.
  • PC-40, Indonesian Navy, 40 meter long FRP/Aluminum patrol boat, locally made by in house Navy's workshop.
  • PC-60 trimaran, Indonesian Navy, 63-meter-long composite material, is armed with 120 km range of anti-ship missile, made by PT Lundin industry
  • OPV 80 - 80 meter long marine steel, is armed with 57 mm main gun, designed by Terafulk and made by PT Citra Shipyard
  • OPV 110 - 110 meter long marine steel grade A, is armed with 57 mm main gun, made by PT Palindo Marine Shipyard

Ireland
Irish Naval Service Large Patrol Vessel (LPV) LÉ Niamh

Irish Naval Service

List of INS vessels;[11]

Israel
Slovenian Navy HPL-21, an example of the Israeli-made Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat also in service with the Israeli Navy

Italy
Italian Navy Comandanti-class Cigala Fulgosi
Italian Coast Guard patrol boat U. Diciotti, CP-902

Japan
Shikishima (Japan Coast Guard), the largest patrol boat in the world
Japan Coast Guard "Hida" (PL51)

Latvia

Malaysia
  • Kedah class offshore patrol vessel, (Royal Malaysian Navy)
  • Keris-class littoral mission ship,(Royal Malaysian Navy)
  • Gagah Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Ramunia Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Nusa Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Sipadan Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Rhu Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Pengawal Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Peninjau Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Pelindung Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Semilang Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Penggalang Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Penyelamat Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Pengaman Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Kilat Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Malawali Class Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
  • Langkawi Class Patrol Ship，Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency

Malta
Protector class patrol boat P52 of the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta.

Mexico
ARM Oaxaca, lead boat of the Oaxaca-class.
Durango-class offshore patrol vessels in formation.

Mexican Navy

Montenegro
Kotor class frigate of the Montenegrin Navy

Morocco
Royal Moroccan NavyOPV-70

Netherlands

New Zealand

Royal Norwegian Navy

Norwegian Coast Guard
NoCGV Tor (W334 KYSTVAKT) from Nornen Class of the Norwegian Coast Guard

Peru

Philippine Navy
Del Pilar-class offshore patrol vessel , Philippine Navy
Jacinto-class patrol vessel , Philippine Navy

Philippine Coast Guard
Gabriela Silang-class offshore patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard
San Juan-class patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard
Ilocos Norte-class patrol boat, Philippine Coast Guard
Parola-class patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard

Portugal
NRP Viana do Castelo, offshore patrol vessel of the Portuguese Navy

Portuguese Navy

National Republican Guard
  • Ribamar class

Qatari Emiri Navy

Romania

Russia
Russian Coast Guard Rubin class patrol boat Zhemchug on the Almaz Shipbuilding Company

Senegal
Fouladou, OPV 190 from Senegalese navy
  • Fouladou (OPV 190), Senegalese Navy
  • Kedougou (OPV 45), Senegalese Navy
  • Ferlo (RPB 33), Senegalese Navy
  • Conejera (Class Conejera P 31), Senegalese Navy
  • Fouta (Osprey 55), Senegalese Navy
  • Njambuur (PR 72), Senegalese Navy

Singapore
Police Coast Guard third generation PT Class Flower Ray（PT65）,conducting a sea-rescue demonstration

Slovenia

South Africa
An Israeli Sa'ar 4-class missile boat, called the Warrior-class strike craft in the South African Navy

South Korea (ROK)

Spain
Meteoro (P-41)

Sri Lanka

Suriname
  • Ocea Type FPB 98 class fast patrol boat
  • Ocea Type FPB 72 class fast patrol boat

Sweden
HSwMS Stockholm (PC-11), a Stockholm-class corvette with the Royal Swedish Navy
  • Hugin-class (based on the Norwegian Storm-class, decommissioned) – 16 ships
  • Kaparen-class (Hugin-class modified with better subhunting capacity, decommissioned) – 8 ships
  • Stockholm-class (commissioned as corvettes, later converted to patrol boats) – 2 ships
  • HMS Carlskrona (commissioned as minelayer, later converted to ocean patrol vessel)

Additionally, the Royal Swedish Navy also operates smaller types of patrol boats (Swedish: bevakningsbåt = "guard boat"):

  • Typ 60-class (decommissioned) – 17 ships
  • Tapper class – 12 ships

The Swedish Coast Guard operate an additional 22 patrol vessels for maritime surveillance.

Thailand

Turkey
Turkish TCG Karabiga (P-1205), one of the Tuzla-class patrol boats

Turkish Naval Forces

Coast Guard Command
  • KAAN 15 class
  • KAAN 19 class
  • KAAN 29 class
  • KAAN 33 class
  • SAR 33 class
  • SAR 35 class
  • 80 class

United Kingdom
Two River class offshore patrol vessels of the Royal Navy

United States Navy
See also: List of patrol vessels of the United States Navy
USS Firebolt (PC-10), a United States Navy Cyclone-class patrol ship

United States Coast Guard
See also: List of equipment of the United States Coast Guard § Watercraft

Venezuela
Naiguatá during sea trials

Vietnam
  • Type TT-120 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
  • Type TT-200 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
  • Type TT-400 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
  • DN 2000(Damen 9014 class) offshore patrol vessels, Vietnam Coast Guard

References
  1. "BANGLADESH AND ASIA'S MARITIME BALANCE". Center for International Maritime Security. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  2. "Tender specifications for construction of 02 X Large Patrol Craft (LPC) in local shipyard for BN" (PDF). Directorate General of Defence Purchase. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  3. "BDR-Shahjalal – Patrol Vessel – Details and current position IMO 8106472 MMSI 0 | Vessels | VesselFinder". www.vesselfinder.com. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  4. "Brazil getting armored vehicles, boats". Space War. Space Media Network. UPI. 10 August 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2017. The first-of-class Amazonas was constructed at BAE Systems' Portsmouth facility.
  5. "Offshore Patrol Vessels". BAE Systems. n.d. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. We are supplying three Ocean Patrol Vessels and ancillary support services to the Brazilian Navy, as well as a manufacturing licence to enable further vessels of the same class to be constructed in Brazil. P120 Amazonas, P121 Apa and P122 Araguari
  6. OOB-31 “Omiš” predan u ruke OS RH (in Croatian)
  7. "Gunboats Class Osprey 55". Hellenic Navy. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  8. "Gunboats Class Osprey HSY-55". Hellenic Navy. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  9. "Gunboats Class Asheville". Hellenic Navy. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  10. E.A. Pagotsis (2009). G. Christogiannakis (ed.). Hellenic Defence Report 2009-2010 (Yearbook of the magazine Hellenic Defence & Security). Athens: Line Defence Publications Ltd. p. 81.
  11. "Naval Service - Defence Forces". www.military.ie.
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