Cathaica fasciola

Cathaica fasciola is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae.

Cathaica fasciola
Temporal range: Pliocene–Recent
Cathaica fasciola shells
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
Subclass:
Heterobranchia
Infraclass:
Euthyneura
(unranked):
subterclass Tectipleura
Superorder:
Eupulmonata
Order:
Stylommatophora
Suborder:
Helicina
Infraorder:
Helicoidei
Superfamily:
Helicoidea
Family:
Camaenidae
Subfamily:
Bradybaeninae
Tribe:
Bradybaenini
Genus:
Cathaica
Species:
C. fasciola
Binomial name
Cathaica fasciola
Synonyms

Helix fasciola Draparnaud, 1801
Eulota fasciola (Draparnaud, 1801)

Taxonomy

This species was described under the name Helix fasciola by French naturalist Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud in 1801.[1]

Subspecies
  • Cathaica fasciola fasciola (Draparnaud, 1801)
  • Cathaica fasciola pyrrhozona (Philippi, 1845). It was described as Helix pyrrhozona.

Helix pyrrhozona is the type species of the genus Cathaica.[2]

Distribution

This species is widely distributed in China.[3][4]

It is also known from Pliocene of Xifeng Red Clay (4.5 Ma - 3.4 Ma) in the Chinese Loess Plateau.[5] Other localities include Lower Pliocene Red Clay of Shueh-hwa-shan in Hebei Province; Pleistocene Red clay of Fenho, Shanxi Province; near Honanfu in Henan Province; near Tung-ho and in Tsing-ling-shan in Shaanxi Province; near Ta-ho in Gansu Province.[6]

Draparnaud listed "France: La Rochelle" as the type locality.[1][7] This error could happen if Draparnaud did not know origin of imported shells.

Description

The shell is thin,[8] but solid.[4] The color of the shell is white, rather opaque, with a broad chestnut-brown band at the periphery, and a faint brownish band below the suture.[4] The shape of the shell is depressed above and below.[4] The spire is low-conoid.[4] The surface is shining, sculptured above with close rib-striae, becoming more delicate below.[4] The shell has 5½ whorls.[8][4] The earliest whorl is smooth, shining, forming a subacute apex.[4] Following whorls are slightly convex, slowly increasing, separated by an impressed suture.[4] The last whorl is much wider, rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front.[4] Aperture is slightly oblique, lunate-oval.[4] Peristome is white and thickened with a strong white lip.[8][4] The umbilicus is rapidly narrowing to a narrow, deep perforation.[4] The width of umbilicus is one-eighth the greatest diameter.[4]

The width of the shell is 15 mm.[8][4] The height of the shell is 8.5 mm.[4]

Digestive system: radula and jaw was depicted by George Washington Tryon and Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1894.[2]

Reproductive system: penis is slender, ending in a long retractor and the terminal vas deferens.[2] Dart sac is large, opening into atrium.[2] There is a dense cluster of about ten club-shaped, glandular mucus glands near the atrium base.[2] Spermatheca duct is long.[2]

The diploid number of chromosomes (2n) is 60.[9][10] Seven chromose pairs are metacentric, one pair is submetacentric and 22 pairs are telocentric.[10]

Ecology

Cathaica fasciola it is often locally abundant.[11] It was thought that Cathaica fasciola belongs to the cold-aridiphilous and meso-xerophilous groups of species in 2006.[5] However it is considered as a typical species of eurytopic group as of 2018.[12] It is one of main species found in Quaternary loess terrestrial gastropod assemblages in China.[12]

Cathaica fasciola is polyphagous and it causes damage to vegetables, fruits, flowers and other economic agricultural crops.[3] The food preference study of Cathaica fasciola was published in 2015.[13]

It hibernates in winter and it aestivates in summer.[3] It produces an epiphragm during the dormancy.[3]

Parasites of Cathaica fasciola include Dicrocoelium trematode.[14]

Predators of snails Cathaica fasciola include Rathouisia leonina (in laboratory conditions only).[15]

Cathaica fasciola is considered as a pest in agriculture.[3] Most affected areas in China include: Beijing municipality, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province, Yunnan Province and Shanxi Province.[3]

References

This article incorporates public domain text from references[2][8][4]

  1. Draparnaud J. P. R. (1801). Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. - pp. [1-2], 1-116. Montpellier, Paris. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson), page 87-88.
  2. Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1894). Volume 9. Helicidae – Volume VII. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 205-206, plate 55, figures 6-7, plate 65, figures 7-8, plate 66, figure 32.
  3. Zhang, Min-Zhao; Du, Yan-Li; Qin, Xiao-Chun; Zhao, Yu-Jia; Wang, Jin-Zhong; Zhang, Zhi-Yong (2015-10-02). "Study on the behaviour of dormancy breaking in Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud 1801) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Molluscan Research. 35 (4): 213–217. doi:10.1080/13235818.2015.1044886. ISSN 1323-5818.
  4. Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1892). Volume 8. Helicidae – Volume VI. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 204-205, plate 47, figures 60-63.
  5. Wu, Naiqin; Pei, Yunpeng; Lu, Houyuan; Guo, Zhengtang; Li, Fengjiang; Liu, Tungsheng (2006). "Marked ecological shifts during 6.2–2.4 Ma revealed by a terrestrial molluscan record from the Chinese Red Clay Formation and implication for palaeoclimatic evolution". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 233 (3–4): 287–299. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.10.006. ISSN 0031-0182.
  6. Yen, Teng-Chien (1943). "Review and Summary of Tertiary and Quaternary Non-Marine Mollusks of China". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 95: 267–346. JSTOR 4064348.
  7. "Species taxon summary. fasciola Draparnaud, 1801 described in Helix". AnimalBase, last change 2008-10-18, accessed 2018-11-11.
  8. Tryon G. W. (1887) Volume 3. Helicidae – Volume I. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. page 208, plate 47, figures 57-59.
  9. Sun, T. (1995). "Chromosomal studies in three land snails". Sinozoologia, 12: 154-162.
  10. Park, Gab-Man (2011-06-30). "Karyotypes of Korean Endemic Land Snail, Koreanohadra koreana (Gastropoda: Bradybaenidae)". The Korean Journal of Malacology. 27 (2): 87–90. doi:10.9710/kjm.2011.27.2.087. ISSN 1225-3480.
  11. County, S. P. (2002). 14 Bradybaena ravida (Benson)(Bradybaenidae) in Cereal-Cotton Rotations of Jingyang. Molluscs as Crop Pests, page 316.
  12. Wu, Naiqin; Li, Fengjiang; Rousseau, Denis-Didier (April 2018). "Terrestrial mollusk records from Chinese loess sequences and changes in the East Asian monsoonal environment". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 155: 35–48. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.11.003. ISSN 1367-9120.
  13. Minzhao, Z., Yanli, D., Xiaochun, Q., Guang, Y., Shuling, S., Jinzhong, W., & Zhiyong, Z. (2015). The feeding selection of Cathaica fasciola to 25 different plants. Plant Protection, 4, 020. abstract.
  14. QUIWEN, T. C. T. Z. G., HONGCHANG, S. Z. Z. X. L., & CHIPING, C. M. Z. (1980). STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF DICROCOELIUM CHINENSIS TANG ET TANG, 1978 [J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 4, 008. abstract.
  15. Wu M., Guo J.-Y., Wan F.-H., Qin Q.-L., Wu Q. & Wiktor A. (2006). "A preliminary study of the predatory terrestrial mollusk Rathouisia leonina". The Veliger 48: 61-74.
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