Chen Zhen (Three Kingdoms)

Chen Zhen was from Nanyang Commandery, which is around present-day Nanyang, Henan. When Liu Bei was Governor of the Jing Province in 209, Chen was recruited among Liu Bei's staff an attendant clerk with authority over the various prefectures.[lower-alpha 1] Chen Zhen followed Liu Bei into Yi Province. When the conflict was settled in 214, Liu Bei trusted him and made him Commandant of the North District of Shu Commandery (蜀郡北部都尉). Later because the prefecture name was changed he became Administrator of Wenshan(汶山太守), then he was transferred to be Administrator of Jianwei(犍為太守).[2]

In 225, Chen Zhen joined the court and was appointed as Master of Writing(尚書). Chen Zhen did well and he was promoted to Prefect of the Masters of Writing(尚書令). Later, he was sent as an envoy to Eastern Wu.[3]

Four years later, in 229. Sun Quan declared himself emperor. At the same time, Chen Zhen was appointed as Minister of the Guards(衛尉) and was sent with the perilous task to congratulate Sun Quan's ascension. Zhuge Liang thought highly of him and wrote to his elder brother Zhuge Jin in Wu: “Xiaoqi is of honest and loyal nature yet he becomes even wise as he grows older, He speaks praise of all things, is joyful and peaceful and want to bring the best to the East and the West. He is praiseworthy.”[4]

When Chen Zhen entered Wu's borders, he sent a message to the captain of the pass. He said:

“The East joined with the West is such that the messenger comes and goes. Their caps and canopies in plain sight, They extend the pledge to reaffirm the friendship of before. Each days producing new model of it. And so the respected ruler of the East accepts the sacred blessing to rule. He proclaimed his acceptance of the seals, judges the land and space and receive Heaven's signs. The realm responds in answer, and each and every pays respect. Now that it has come to this, Both of our state may join our hearts and be of one mind to defeat the bandit rebels and when we attack how can we fail to crush them! The western court’s lord and ministers all eagerly await this happy alliance. I, Zhen, though I am an untalented man, was chosen to accomplish my mission as an envoy. And to respectfully arrange union, respect and friendship between us. I step over our border and leap with joy entering as Wu as if I'm returning home. When Xianzi(獻子) went to Lu, he violated their taboo concerning their hills, and the Spring and Autumn Annals ridiculed him. I expect that you will inform me to certainly serve as messenger to establish friendship. In the next few days I will address the crowds, and each side will pledge alliance. I must follow the current, floating swiftly. The state laws here are different, and I fear I may commit some violation. Hopefully I will certainly be instructed and shown what should be done.”[5]

Chen Zhen was treated with respect by Sun Quan. And when he arrived at Wuchang. Both, Sun Quan and him ascended the Altar and together smeared their mouths with blood to pledge to the formed alliance between Wu and Shu. Then, they divided the realm Under Heaven; and so Xu, Yu, You and Qīng belong to Wu; While Bing, Liang, Ji and Yan belong to Shu Han. The lands of Si province would be divided with Hang Valley Aass(函谷關) as the border.[lower-alpha 2] After his mission was accomplished, Chen returned to Shu and was given a fief as Marquis of Chengyang Village(城陽亭侯).[6]

In 231, during Zhuge Liang's fourth expedition Li Ping failed to provide supplies to Zhuge Liang's camp and falsely called off the campaign to hide it. Zhuge Liang with Chief Clerk Jiang Wan and Internal Attendant Dong Yun wrote this letter to the court: “When Xiaoqi previously went to Wu, he informed us that Zhengfang kept the supplies. And that the locals believe it could not be sent. I assumed the supply manager would not make this mistake and that is all. And I had not thought there would be another incident like with Su Qin(蘇秦) and Zhang Yi(張儀)[lower-alpha 3], and so we were surprised. Only Xiaoqi saw through this.”[7]

Chen Zhen died in 235. His son Chen Ji succeeded him.[8]

Chen Shou, who wrote Chen Zhen's biography in the Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi), appraised Chen Zhen as follows: "Chen Zhen was faithful and respectful and as he grew older he was increasingly sincere.... Along with Dong He, Liu Ba, Ma Liang and Dong Yun, he was one of the best officials in Shu."[9]

Chen Zhen first appears in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms as a subordinate of the warlord Yuan Shao. His actions under Yuan Shao are not unlike his duties with Liu Bei, where he performs diplomatic tasks such as delivering Liu Bei's letter to Guan Yu in Luoyang, and meeting with Sun Ce to request aid against Cao Cao. Also in the novel, it was he who suggested to Liu Bei that he meet the seer Li Yi (李意) while mourning the deaths of his brothers.

• Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

• Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi), Volume 39, Biography of Liu Ba.
• Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).