Liu Yong (Three Kingdoms)

Liu Yong (fl. third century), courtesy name Gongshou, was an imperial prince of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Liu Bei, the founding emperor of Shu, and a younger half-brother of Liu Shan, the second Shu emperor.[1]

Liu Yong
劉永
Prince of Ganling (甘陵王)
Tenure230 – 263
Prince of Lu (魯王)
TenureJuly 221 – 230
BornUnknown
DiedUnknown
Full name
Family name: Liu (劉)
Given name: Yong (永)
Courtesy name: Gongshou (公壽)
HouseHouse of Liu
FatherLiu Bei
In this Chinese name, the family name is Liu.

Life

Liu Yong was born in an unknown year. His father, Liu Bei, was a warlord of the late Eastern Han dynasty who became the founding emperor of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. His mother was one of Liu Bei's concubines. He was a younger half-brother of Liu Shan, Liu Bei's successor and the second emperor of Shu.[2]

Sometime in July 221, about three months after Liu Bei became emperor, he sent Xu Jing, the Minister over the Masses, as an emissary to read out an imperial edict and grant Liu Yong the title "Prince of Lu" (魯王).[3]

In 230, during Liu Shan's reign, Liu Yong's title was changed to "Prince of Ganling" (甘陵王).[4] Liu Yong hated the eunuch Huang Hao, whom Liu Shan highly trusted and favoured. After Huang Hao came to power, he frequently spoke ill of Liu Yong in front of Liu Shan, resulting in Liu Shan giving Liu Yong the cold shoulder and refusing to meet him for over 10 years.[5]

In 264, one year after Shu was conquered by its rival state, Wei, Liu Yong moved to Luoyang, the Wei imperial capital. The Wei government appointed him as a Commandant of Equipage (奉車都尉) and enfeoffed him as a district marquis (鄉侯).[6] It is not known when Liu Yong died.

Liu Yong had a grandson, Liu Xuan (劉玄), who survived the Disaster of Yongjia in 311.[7]

See also

References
  1. de Crespigny (2007), p. 541.
  2. (劉永字公壽，先主子，後主庶弟也。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
  3. (章武元年六月，使司徒靖立永為魯王，策曰：「小子永，受茲青土。朕承天序，繼統大業，遵脩稽古，建爾國家，封於東土，奄有龜蒙，世為籓輔。嗚呼，恭朕之詔！惟彼魯邦，一變適道，風化存焉。人之好德，世茲懿美。王其秉心率禮，綏爾士民，是饗是宜，其戒之哉！」) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
  4. (建興八年，改封為甘陵王。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
  5. (初，永憎宦人黃皓，皓既信任用事，譖構永於後主，後主稍疏外永，至不得朝見者十餘年。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
  6. (咸熙元年，永東遷洛陽，拜奉車都尉，封為鄉侯。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
  7. (孫盛蜀世譜曰：璿弟，瑤、琮、瓚、諶、恂、璩六人。蜀敗，諶自殺，餘皆內徙。值永嘉大亂，子孫絕滅。唯永孫玄奔蜀，李雄偽署安樂公以嗣禪後。永和三年討李勢，盛參戎行，見玄於成都也。) Shu Shipu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 34.
  • Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
  • de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms 23-220 AD. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004156050.
  • Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
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