Choros

Choros or Tsoros (Mongolian: Цорос, ᠴᠥᠷᠥᠰ; simplified Chinese: 绰罗斯; traditional Chinese: 綽羅斯) was the ruling clan of the Dzungars and Dörbet Oirat and once ruled the whole Four Oirat. They founded the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th century. Their chiefs reckoned their descent from a boy nourished by a sacred tree.

For the compositions by Heitor Villa-Lobos, see Chôros.
For other uses, see Choros (dance).
Location of the Choros.

History

In the late 14th century, the Oirats appeared as dominant power against the Khalkha Mongols The ruling clan of the Four Oirat was Choros at the time. Under their leadership, the Western Mongols established Dzungar Khanate.

In 1455 other Oirat tribes overthrew the Choros Khan, Esen Taishi, who had enthroned himself Khagan of the Mongols. About 1620 the Choros scattered after bitter fighting with the Altan Khan of the Khalkha. The Khalkha and southwestern Inner Mongolian princes repeatedly looted them from 1552 to 1628, forcing them to migrate further west. Some of the Choros fled with a body of the Dörbet Oirat northward into Siberia and present-day Barnaul. But they crushed the Khalkha Altan Khan; and made an alliance with the northern Khalkhas in 1640.

By 1690 three Oirat states had emerged: the Khoshut, Kalmyk and Dzungar Khanates. The majority of the Choros with the Dörbet and the Khoids settled in the region of the Black Irtysh, the Ulungur River, the Emil River, and the Ili River, forming the Dzungar Khanate.[1] The Dzunghar Khanate was ruled by the Dörbet and the Choros, displaced the Khoshut in their homeland, Dzungaria. Although they reached their peak in the late 17th century, they began to disintegrate after Galdan Boshugtu Khan's wars with the Qing. The Choros were defeated in 1697 and 1771; and they were annexed by Qing dynasty.

References
  1. Fred Walter Bergholz-The partition of the steppe, p.353
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