Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
The Southern Liang (Chinese: 南凉; pinyin: Nánliáng, 397-414) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China. The founding family Tufa was of Xianbei ethnicity and distant relative of the Tuoba imperial house of Northern Wei. According to the Jin Shu, the name was changed from Tuoba to Tufa because one of the Tufa ancestors was born on a blanket, and in the Xianbei language, "Tufa" meant "blanket."[1]
Southern Liang (南涼) 西平 (397), 武威 (397-401), 河西 (401-408), 涼 (408-414) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 397–414 | |||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
| Status | Vassal of Later Qin | ||||||||||
| Capital | Lianchuan (397-399) Ledu (399, 402-406, 410-414) Xiping (399-402) Guzang (406-410) | ||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
| Prince | |||||||||||
• 397-399 | Tufa Wugu | ||||||||||
• 399-402 | Tufa Lilugu | ||||||||||
• 402-414 | Tufa Rutan | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Established | 397 | ||||||||||
| 404 | |||||||||||
• Tufa Rutan's entry into Guzang | 406 | ||||||||||
• Tufa Rutan's defeat by Liu Bobo at Yangwu | 407 | ||||||||||
• Tufa Rutan's reassertion of own era name | 408 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 414 | ||||||||||
• Tufa Rutan's death | 415 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of | China | ||||||||||
All rulers of the Southern Liang proclaimed themselves "Wang".
In 414 Southern Liang was conquered by the Western Qin state of the Xianbei ethnicity.
Rulers of the Southern Liang
| Temple name | Posthumous name | Personal name | Durations of reign | Era names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liezu | Wu | Tufa Wugu | 397-399 | Taichu (太初) 397-399 |
| – | Kang | Tufa Lilugu | 399-402 | Jianhe (建和) 399-402 |
| – | Jing | Tufa Rutan | 402-414 | Hongchang (弘昌) 402-404 Jiaping (嘉平) 409-414 |
The family tree of Southern Liang rulers
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References
- Cui Hong. "南涼錄" [Record of Southern Liang]. Shiliuguo Chunqiu. Volume 12. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
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