Cornelis Jol
Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol (1597 – 31 October 1641), nicknamed Houtebeen ("pegleg"), was a 17th-century Dutch corsair and admiral in the Dutch West India Company during the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic. He was one of several early buccaneers to attack Campeche, looting the settlement in 1633, and was active against the Spanish in the Spanish Main and throughout the Caribbean during the 1630s and 40s.
Cornelis Jol | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1597 |
| Died | 31 October 1641 (aged 43–44) |
| Piratical career | |
| Nickname | Houtebeen (Dutch) Perna de Pau (Portuguese) Pie de Palo (Spanish) El Pirata (Spanish) |
| Type | Corsair |
| Allegiance | Dutch Republic |
| Years active | 1620s–1640s |
| Rank | Admiral |
| Battles/wars | Eighty Years' War |
Jol was really more of a pirate (or rather privateer) than an admiral, raiding Spanish and Portuguese fleets and gathering large amounts of loot. He was nicknamed Houtebeen (Perna de Pau in Portuguese and Pie de Palo in Spanish), because he lost a leg during battle and became one of the earliest documented pirates to use a wooden peg leg. The Spanish also nicknamed him El Pirata.
Biography
Cornelis Jol hailed from the fishing borough of Scheveningen, administratively a part of The Hague. He joined the Dutch West India Company in 1626 and quickly climbed the ranks to become admiral. He was a popular commander among the Dutch, with contemporary chroniclers commending his "courage and prudence, his integrity, resoluteness and tenacity of purpose."[1]
Jol crossed the Atlantic Ocean nine times to attack the Spanish and Portuguese along the coast of Brazil and in the Caribbean. During one of his earliest voyages, he captured the island of Fernando de Noronha off the coast of Brazil,[2] which remained a part of Dutch Brazil until 1654 under the name of Pavonia.
In 1633, he and Diego el Mulato attacked Campeche in the Yucatán Peninsula, then held by Spain, with a fleet of ten ships. In 1635 he was captured near Dunkirk by Dunkirk privateers but released some 6 months after.
With victory came fame, and demonisation by the Spanish upon whom he preyed. While attempting to capture the Spanish treasure fleet in 1638, he engaged in a naval battle with Spanish admiral Don Carlos Ibarra off the coast of Cuba. None of the treasure ships were captured however, as his captains refused to fight out of envy for Jol's promotion to admiral before them. In Spain, he was falsely reported to have been killed in the confrontation.[3] He also commanded a squadron of seven ships at the Battle of the Downs under admiral Maarten Tromp, a decisive defeat of the Spanish, in 1639.
In 1640, while awaiting the Spanish treasure fleet again off Havana, Cuba, his fleet was caught in a hurricane and four of the ships were wrecked on the shore.[4] Also in 1640, Jol set out from Brazil for the coast of Africa, where he took the city of Luanda (in Angola) and the island of São Tomé from the Portuguese. While on São Tomé, he was struck by malaria and died on 31 October 1641.[5]
His son, also called Cornelis Corneliszoon Jol (or Hola), pursued a career at sea as well and served as an officer in the Dutch navy. He was captain of the Leiden, also under admiral Maarten Tromp during the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654). A street in Scheveningen is named for Jol. Erstwhile AFC Ajax trainer Martin Jol is a direct descendant.[6]
References
- Lane, Kris (2003). "Punishing the Sea Wolf: Corsairs and Cannibals in the Early Modern Caribbean". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids. Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies. 77 (3): 202. doi:10.1163/13822373-90002522. JSTOR 41850261.
- Southey, Roberto. Historia do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria De B.L. Garnier, 1862. (pg. 184)
- Rault, Didier (24 June 2005). "Encuesta sobre dos relatos de batallas navales entre españoles y holandeses (1638)" (PDF). La información y su manipulación en las relaciones de sucesos (in Spanish). Universidad Paul-Valéry.
- Swanson, Gail; Jerry Wilkinson (1999). "Florida Keys Hurricanes of the Last Millennium: Hurricanes of the 1600s". KeysHistory.org.
- Ratelband, K. (1 January 1941). "De expeditie van Jol naar Angola en Sao Thomé. 30 Mei 1641-31 Oct. 1641". New West Indian Guide (in Dutch). 24 (1): 321–344. doi:10.1163/22134360-90000529.
- Noordervliet-Jol, N. De geschiedenis van de geslachten Jol, 1648-1996.
Further reading
- J.B. van Overeem, 1942. De reizen naar de West van Cornelis Cornelisz. Jol, alias Kapitein Houtebeen 1626-1640 part 1 and 2.
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