Cromer Forest Bed

The Cromer Forest Bed is a geological formation in Norfolk, England. It consists of river gravels, estuary and floodplain sediments predominantly clays and muds as well as sands along the coast of northern Norfolk.[1] It is the type locality for the Cromerian Stage of the Pleistocene between 0.8 and 0.5 million years ago.,[2] The deposit itself range varies in age from about 2 to 0.5 million years ago. It is about 6 metres thick and is exposed in cliff section near the town of West Runton. For over a century the bed, named after the local town of Cromer, has been famous for its assemblage of fossil mammal remains, containing the diverse remains of numerous taxa, including deer,[3] carnivorans[4] and birds.[5] Although most of the forest bed is now obscured by coastal defence, the Cromer Forest Bed continues to be eroded and is rich in fossils including the skeletal remains of the West Runton Mammoth which was discovered in 1990.[6][7][8][9] The oldest human footprints outside Africa, the Happisburgh footprints as well as handaxes and bison bones with cut marks were also found in layers considered to belong to this deposit near the town of Happisburgh.[10]

Cromer Forest Bed Stratigraphic range: Pleistocene 2–0.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Cromer Forest Bed exposed at the base of the West Runton Cliffs
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Dunwich Group
Sub-units	Sheringham Member, Runton Member, West Runton Member, Bacton Member
Underlies	Middle Pleistocene glacial deposits
Overlies	Wroxham Crag Formation or unconformity with Chalk Group
Thickness	About 6 metres (20 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Clay, Mud
Other	Sand
Location
Region	Norfolk
Country	England
Type section
Named for	Cromer
Named by	R.G. West
Location	The coast of North Norfolk from Weybourne to Happisburgh
Year defined	1980