David Lynch filmography

David Keith Lynch (born January 20, 1946) is an American filmmaker, television director, visual artist, musician and occasional actor. Known for his surrealist films, he has developed his own unique cinematic style which has been dubbed "Lynchian"[1] and is characterized by its dream imagery and meticulous sound design. The surreal and, in many cases, violent elements to his films have earned them the reputation that they "disturb, offend or mystify" their audiences.[2]

Lynch, speaking in 2007

Lynch's oeuvre includes short and feature-length films, music videos, documentaries and television episodes, while his involvement in these ranges from direction, production and screenwriting to acting and sound design. Lynch's first project was the 1967 short Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times), an animated film which blended elements of sculpture and painting into its animation.[3] His first feature-length project, 1977's Eraserhead, became a cult film and launched his commercial career.[4] It also marked his first collaboration with Jack Nance, an actor who would appear in many more of Lynch's productions until his death in 1996.[5] Lynch's other feature films include the critically successful The Elephant Man (1980), Blue Velvet (1986) and Mulholland Drive (2001), all of which went on to earn Academy Award nominations,[6][7][8] and the commercial flop Dune.[9]

Lynch has also branched out into television, and later, internet-based series. His first foray into the medium was Twin Peaks, a joint venture with Mark Frost. Twin Peaks became a cult success,[10] leading to Lynch and Frost working together on a number of other projects, including On the Air[11] and American Chronicles.[12] In 2002 Lynch began producing two series of shorts released through his official website: the Flash-animated DumbLand[13] and Rabbits.[14] Having begun acting in his 1972 short The Amputee,[15] Lynch went on to appear on-camera in Twin Peaks,[16] Zelly and Me and Dune.[17] From 2007, Lynch has appeared in a recurring voice role in the animated series The Cleveland Show.[18]

Feature films

As director

Year Title Director Writer Producer Notes Ref(s)
1977 Eraserhead Yes Yes Yes Also editor, composer, art director, and special effects [17]
1980 The Elephant Man Yes Yes No Also musical director and sound designer;
Co-written with Christopher De Vore and Eric Bergren
[17]
1984 Dune Yes Yes No [17]
1986 Blue Velvet Yes Yes No [17]
1990 Wild at Heart Yes Yes No [17]
1992 Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me Yes Yes Executive Also sound designer;
Co-written with Robert Engels
[17]
1997 Lost Highway Yes Yes No Also sound designer;
Co-written with Barry Gifford
[17]
1999 The Straight Story Yes No No Also sound designer [17]
2001 Mulholland Drive Yes Yes No Also sound designer [17]
2006 Inland Empire Yes Yes Yes Also editor, cinematographer and sound designer [17]

As actor

Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1980 Heart Beat Painter [19]
1984 Dune Commander of the harvester crew mining spice Uncredited cameo [20]
1988 Zelly and Me Willie [17]
1992 Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me Gordon Cole [17]
1994 Nadja Morgue Receptionist Cameo [17]
2006 Inland Empire Bucky J Uncredited voice [21]
2017 Girlfriend's Day Narrator Voice [22]
Lucky Howard [23]

Short films

Year Title Director Writer Producer Actor Notes Ref(s)
1967 Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times) Yes Yes Yes No Also animator [17][24]
1968 Absurd Encounter with Fear Yes Yes No No [25]
Fictitious Anacin Commercial Yes Yes No No [25]
Sailing With Bushnell Keeler Yes Yes Yes Yes [26]
The Alphabet Yes Yes No No Also editor, cinematographer, animator and sound [17][24]
Early Experiments Yes Yes Yes Yes 16mm, from Lime Green DVD Set [27]
1970 The Grandmother Yes Yes Yes No Also cinematographer, animator and sound effects [17]
1974 The Amputee Yes No No Yes Role: Unable and scared nurse [15][17]
1988 The Cowboy and the Frenchman Yes Yes No No [17]
1995 Premonition Following an Evil Deed Yes No No No [17]
2001 Pierre and Sonny Jim Yes Yes Yes Yes For davidlynch.com [28]
Head With Hammer Yes Yes Yes No For davidlynch.com [29]
Dead Mouse with Ants Yes Yes Yes No For davidlynch.com [30]
Ball of Bees Yes Yes Yes No For davidlynch.com aka Bees #1 [31]
Steam Chain Yes Yes Yes No For davidlynch.com aka Factory Mask [32]
2002 Darkened Room Yes Yes Yes No Also animator [33][34]
The Pig Walks Yes Yes Yes No For davidlynch.com [35]
The Disc of Sorrow Is Installed Yes Yes Yes Yes For davidlynch.com [36]
Laura Palmer Yes Yes Yes No For davidlynch.com [37]
The Coyote Yes Yes Yes No For davidlynch.com [38]
2004 BlueBob Egg Yes Yes Yes Yes For davidlynch.com [39]
2005 Scene from a David Lynch DV Project Yes Yes Yes No For Avid promotional film [40][41]
2007 Absurda Yes Yes No No [42][43]
Boat Yes No No No Also editor [43]
Bug Crawls Yes No No No [44]
Lamp Yes No No Yes Role: Himself [44]
Industrial Soundscape Yes No No No [44]
Intervalometer Experiments Yes No No No [44]
More Things That Happened Yes Yes No No Also editor [45]
Ballerina Yes No No No [45]
Blue Green Yes Yes Yes Yes [46]
David Lynch Cooks Quinoa Yes Yes Yes Yes [47]
2009 Soul Detective No No No Yes Role: Detective [48][49]
2010 Dream #7 Yes No No No [50]
Lady Blue Shanghai Yes Yes No No Also editor and composer [51]
2011 The 3 Rs Yes Yes No No Also editor and cinematographer [52]
2012 Memory Film Yes Yes Yes Yes For Serpentine Gallery Memory Marathon [53]
2013 Idem Paris Yes No No No [54]
2015 Pozar (Fire) Yes Yes Yes No [55]
2017 What Did Jack Do? Yes Yes No Yes Also editor
Role: Detective
[56]
The Black Ghiandola No No No Yes Role: Man in Black [57]
2018 Ant Head Yes Yes Yes No [58]
2020 The Story of a Small Bug Yes Yes Yes Yes Role: Narrator at Beginning
Also editor
[59]
The Adventures of Alan R. Yes Yes Yes Yes [60]

Television and web series

Twin Peaks earned several nominations at the 42nd Primetime Emmy Awards (Lynch pictured at the ceremony).
Lynch has worked with Naomi Watts on several projects, including Rabbits and Mulholland Drive.

Television series

Series Year Creator Executive
producer
Director Writer Notes Ref(s)
Twin Peaks 1990–1991 Yes Yes 6 episodes 4 episodes Co-created with Mark Frost [17]
On the Air 1992 Yes Yes 1 episode 2 episodes [61]
Hotel Room 1993 Yes Yes 2 episodes No Also sound designer;
Co-created with Monty Montgomery
[61]
Twin Peaks 2017 Yes Yes Yes Yes Also sound designer and additional editor;
Co-created with Mark Frost
[17]
Wisteria/Unrecorded Night TBA Yes TBA Yes Yes Netflix original show [62][63]

Web series

Series Year Director Writer Producer Creator Ref(s)
DumbLand 2002 Yes Yes Yes Yes [34]
Rabbits Yes Yes Yes Yes [34]
Weather Reports 2005–present Yes Yes Yes Yes
Out Yonder 2007 Yes Yes Yes Yes [44]

Acting roles

Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1990–1991 Twin Peaks Gordon Cole 6 episodes [17]
2002 DumbLand All characters (voices) 8 episodes [34]
2010–2013 The Cleveland Show Gus the Bartender (voice) 20 episodes [18]
2010, 2016 Family Guy Gus the Bartender / Himself (voices) Episodes: "The Splendid Source" and
"How the Griffin Stole Christmas"
[64][65]
2012 Louie Jack Dall Episodes: "Late Show - Part 2 & 3" [66][67]
2017 Twin Peaks Gordon Cole 11 episodes [17]
2020 Robot Chicken Dr. Fritz Hühnermörder (voice) Episode: "Endgame" [68]

Music videos

Year Song Musician Ref(s)
1990 "Wicked Game" Chris Isaak [69]
1992 "A Real Indication" Thought Gang [70]
1995 "Longing" X Japan [69][71]
1999 "Thank You, Judge" BlueBob [72]
2009 "Shot in the Back of the Head" Moby [73]
2010 "I Touch a Red Button Man" Interpol [74][75]
"Lion of Panjshir" Ariana Delwari [76]
2012 "Crazy Clown Time" David Lynch [77]
2013 "Came Back Haunted" Nine Inch Nails [78]
2020 "I Have a Radio" David Lynch [79][80]

Commercials

Year Commercial Title Subject Ref(s)
1988 "F. Scott Fitzgerald", "Ernest Hemingway", "D.H. Lawrence", "Flaubert" Obsession by Calvin Klein [81][82]
1991 "Mystery of G", "Cherry Pie", "Lost", "The Rescue" Georgia Coffee [81][82]
"We Care About New York" New York City Department of Sanitation [81][82][83]
N/A Dangerous by Michael Jackson [84]
1992 "Who Is Gio?" Gio by Armani [81][82]
"Opium" Opium by Yves Saint Laurent [81][82]
1993 N/A Alka-Seltzer Plus [81][82]
"Tresor" Lancôme Tresor [82][85]
N/A Barilla Pasta [81][82]
"Revealed" American Cancer Society [82][83][85]
"The Instinct of Life" Background by Jil Sander [82][85]
"The Wall" Adidas [86]
1994 "Sun Moon Stars" Sun Moon Stars by Lagerfield [81][82]
1997 "Dead Leaves", "Aunt Droid", "Nuclear Winter", "Rocket" Sci-Fi Channel [82][85]
N/A Clearblue Easy [81][82]
"Mountain Man" Honda [87]
1998 "Parisienne People" Parisienne [82][85]
1999 "Opium" Opium by Yves Saint Laurent [88]
2000 "Welcome to the Third Place" PlayStation 2 [81][82]
"Un matin partout dans le monde" JCDecaux [85]
2002 "Do you speak Micra?" Nissan Micra [81][82]
"Bucking Bronco" Citroen [89]
2004 "Fahrenheit" Dior [90]
"Preference" L'Oreal [91]
2007 "Gucci" Gucci [92]
2008 "Revital Granas" Shiseido [93]
2011 "Doll Head" David Lynch Signature Cup Coffee [94]
2012 "Oh Yeah" [95]
2014 N/A Louboutin Rouge [96]

Other work

Documentary films

Year Title Director Producer Himself Ref(s)
1990 Hollywood Mavericks Yes [17]
For One Week Only Yes
1994 Crumb Presenter [17]
1998 Pretty as a Picture: The Art of David Lynch Yes [17]
2001 I Don't Know Jack Yes [17]
Eraserhead Stories Yes Yes [17]
2004 Dennis Hopper: The Decisive Moments Yes [17]
2005 Midnight Movies: From the Margin to the Mainstream Yes [17]
2007 Lynch Yes [17]
2008 Sunshine Superman: The Journey of Donovan Yes [17]
2009 Transcendendo Lynch Yes [17]
Great Directors Yes [17]
2010 2012: Time for Change Yes [33]
2011 Meditation Creativity Peace Yes [17]
2012 Side by Side Yes [17]
2016 My Beautiful Broken Brain Yes [97]
David Lynch: The Art Life Yes [98][99][100]

Executive producer

Year Title Ref(s)
1991 The Cabinet of Dr. Ramirez [17]
1994 Nadja [17]
2008 Surveillance [17]
2009 My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? [17]
TBA The Happy Worker [101]
TBA The Other Me [102]

Concert films

Year Title Director Producer Himself Notes Ref(s)
1990 Industrial Symphony No. 1 Yes Yes Also composer [17]
2014 Duran Duran: Unstaged Yes Yes [103]

Notes

    References

    Footnotes

    1. Rodley & Lynch 2005, pp. 109 & 192.
    2. Rodley & Lynch 2005, p. 245.
    3. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, pp. 19–20.
    4. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, p. 31.
    5. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, p. 129.
    6. "74th Academy Awards Winners | Oscar Legacy". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    7. "59th Academy Awards Winners | Oscar Legacy". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    8. "53rd Academy Awards Winners | Oscar Legacy". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    9. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, p. 51.
    10. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, pp. 69–74.
    11. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, pp. 17.
    12. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, pp. 105–106.
    13. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, p. 136.
    14. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, p. 117.
    15. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, p. 130.
    16. "BFI | Film & TV Database | Lynch, David". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 17, 2009. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    17. Ankeny, Jason. "David Lynch movies, photos, movie reviews, filmography, and biography". AllMovie. Allrovi. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    18. "David Lynch Credits". TV Guide. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    19. Cozzolino 2014, p. 37.
    20. Lynch, David (2013-06-29). "David Lynch Interview: Dune Cameo". Youtube. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
    21. Nordine, Michael (September 29, 2018). "David Lynch as Actor: How His Onscreen Persona Has Evolved From 'The Cleveland Show' to 'Lucky'". Indiewire. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
    22. Schager, Nick (February 15, 2017). "Bob Odenkirk on 'Better Call Saul's' Future and 'Unstable' President Trump". The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 26, 2017. Of all the unexpected things about Girlfriend's Day, maybe the most unexpected is the fact that the opening narration... is handled by none other than David Lynch.
    23. Hipes, Patrick (July 7, 2016). "Harry Dean Stanton To Topline John Carroll Lynch's Indie 'Lucky'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
    24. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, p. 21.
    25. "David Lynch – The Lime Green Set – Mystery Disc (2008)". Cinema of the World. June 18, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
    26. Staff, Filmmaker. "Watch: "Sailing with Bushnell Keeler," A David Lynch Home Movie". Filmmaker Magazine. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
    27. "Lime Green Box Set". Retrieved 2020-05-17.
    28. Pierre and Sonny Jim, retrieved 2020-05-17
    29. Lynch, David; McKenna, Kristine (2018-06-19). Room to Dream: A Life. Canongate Books. ISBN 978-1-78211-840-4.
    30. Dead Mouse with Ants (2002), retrieved 2020-05-17
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    32. Factory Mask, retrieved 2020-05-17
    33. "David Lynch – Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    34. Barney 2009, p. xxix.
    35. Lynch, David (2009). David Lynch: Interviews. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-60473-237-5.
    36. The Disc of Sorrow Is Installed (2002), retrieved 2020-05-17
    37. Laura Palmer, retrieved 2020-05-17
    38. Lynch, David; McKenna, Kristine (2018-09-19). L'espace du rêve (in French). JC Lattès. ISBN 978-2-7096-5633-7.
    39. BlueBob Egg, retrieved 2020-05-17
    40. "Avid: David Lynch and the Independent Filmmaker".
    41. "Scene From A David Lynch DV Project".
    42. "Chacun son cinéma" (PDF). Cannes Film Festival. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
    43. Barney 2009, p. xxxi.
    44. Rich, Jamie S. (February 4, 2007). "Dynamic: 01 – The Best of DavidLynch.com : DVD Talk Review of the DVD Video". DVD Talk. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    45. Barney 2009, p. xxx.
    46. Blue Green (2007), retrieved 2020-05-17
    47. Staff·October 20, Far Out; 2019 (2019-10-20). "Watch this wonderfully bizarre video of David Lynch cooking quinoa". Far Out Magazine. Retrieved 2020-05-17.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
    48. Disgusting, Mr (February 2, 2009). "David Lynch Stars in Online Short 'Soul Detective'". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
    49. Hart, Hugh. "David Lynch's Interview Project Probes American Dreams". Wired. Wired. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
    50. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2073510/reference
    51. Menkes, Suzy (May 18, 2010). "Fashion films become the hottest new accessories: From Chanel to Dior, houses are getting in on branding revolution". International Herald Tribune. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2012. (subscription required)
    52. "David Lynch: The 3 Rs". Viennale. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
    53. "Memory Marathon at the Serpentine". Design Talks. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
    54. Fischer, Russ (February 12, 2013). "David Lynch Short Film Idem Paris Recalls the Industrial Tone of His Debut". /Film. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
    55. Fire (2015), retrieved 2020-05-17
    56. Luckhurst, Roger (January 21, 2020). "What Did Jack Do? review: David Lynch debriefs a monkey". British Film Institute. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
    57. "Johnny Depp Joins Film Project For Teen Living With Stage 4 Cancer". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
    58. Sharf, Zack (November 14, 2018). "David Lynch Directs Bugs Crawling on Cheese in Bizarre Short 'Ant Head' — Watch". IndieWire. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
    59. "THE STORY OF A SMALL BUG". David Lynch Theather. 2020-06-12. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
    60. "The Adventures Of Alan R".
    61. Barney 2009, p. xxvi.
    62. "Production Weekly". Production Weekly. No. 1222. November 26, 2020.
    63. Brodsky, Rachel (November 28, 2020). "David Lynch reportedly working on a new Netflix series called 'Wisteria'". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
    64. "Family Guy – The Splendid Source". Yahoo!. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    65. "How the Griffin Stole Christmas". Family Guy. Season 15. Episode 9. December 11, 2016. Fox Broadcasting Company.
    66. Rabin, Nathan (September 14, 2012). "'Late Show (Part 2)' | Louie | TV Club". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
    67. VanDerWerff, Emily (September 21, 2012). "'Late Show (Part 3)' | Louie | TV Club". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
    68. https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/seth-green-robot-chicken-episode-200-adult-swim-interview
    69. Odell & Le Blanc 2007, p. 133.
    70. "Lime Green Box Set". DUGPA. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
    71. Winning, Josh (December 7, 2010). "18 Weirdest David Lynch Projects | Longing". Total Film. Future Publishing. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    72. "Blue Bob Overview". Lynchnet. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
    73. Winning, Josh (December 7, 2010). "18 Weirdest David Lynch Projects | Shot in the Back of the Head". Total Film. Future Publishing. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    74. Fitzmaurice, Larry (July 13, 2011). "Watch Interpol's Collaboration With David Lynch". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    75. Roa, Ray (April 14, 2011). "Interpol details creepy Coachella plans with David Lynch". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    76. "VIDEOS – Ariana Delawari". Retrieved 2020-05-17.
    77. O'Neal, Sean (April 2, 2012). "Today in music videos: David Lynch invites you to a surprisingly literal "Crazy Clown Time | Music | Newswire". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    78. Phillips, Amy and Jenn Pelly (June 19, 2013). "David Lynch to Direct Nine Inch Nails' "Came Back Haunted" Video". Pitchfork. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
    79. Staff·July 24, Far Out; 2020. "David Lynch releases new video for 'I Have a Radio'". Far Out Magazine. Retrieved 2020-12-21.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
    80. "I Have A Radio".
    81. Greene, Nick. "15 Commercials Directed By David Lynch". Mental Floss. Mental Floss. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
    82. "David Lynch Commercials". LynchNet. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
    83. Metcalfe, John. "David Lynch's Freakish Advertisements: The Rats of New York City". City Lab. City Lab. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
    84. Winning, Josh (December 7, 2010). "18 Weirdest David Lynch Projects | Dangerous". Total Film. Future Publishing. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
    85. "David Lynch's Commercials". The City of Absurdity. The City of Absurdity. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
    86. Dazed (2018-11-09). "Remember that time David Lynch made a surreal advert for adidas?". Dazed. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
    87. Olson, Greg (2008-09-29). David Lynch: Beautiful Dark. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6371-2.
    88. "Opium (perfume)", Wikipedia, 2020-03-01, retrieved 2020-05-17
    89. Lynch, David. "David Lynch - Citroën - Bucking Bronco | AdForum Talent: The creative industry network". www.adforum.com. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
    90. Lynch, David; McKenna, Kristine (2018-09-19). L'espace du rêve (in French). JC Lattès. ISBN 978-2-7096-5633-7.
    91. Olson, Greg (2008-09-29). David Lynch: Beautiful Dark. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6371-2.
    92. Gandert, Sean (October 2, 2007). "David Lynch does Gucci". www.pastemagazine.com. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
    93. Lynch, David; McKenna, Kristine (2018-06-19). Room to Dream: A Life. Canongate Books. ISBN 978-1-78211-840-4.
    94. doorsixteen. "David Lynch Signature Cup Coffee". Door Sixteen. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
    95. "David Lynch Signature Cup Coffee : Oh Yeah". adage.com. 2012-01-29. Retrieved 2020-05-17.
    96. Rhodes, Margaret. "David Lynch's New Ad for Nail Polish Is as Weird as You'd Expect". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
    97. Spangler, Todd (February 5, 2016). "Netflix Picks Up 'My Beautiful Broken Brain' Documentary from David Lynch". Variety. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
    98. Lodge, Guy (September 17, 2016). "Film Review: 'David Lynch: The Art Life'". Variety. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
    99. "73rd Venice International Film Festival". Venice Film Festival. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
    100. Kreps, Daniel (September 2, 2016). "Creep Into David Lynch's World in First 'Art Life' Documentary Trailer". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
    101. "'Poldark' & 'Valley Girl' Star Josh Whitehouse Leads Cast In 'The Happy Worker', David Lynch Execs". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
    102. Kay, Jeremy (May 15, 2019). "Jim Sturgess mystery 'The Other Me' joins CMG Cannes sales slate (exclusive)". Screen Daily. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
    103. name=Duran Duran>Jason Newman (August 13, 2014). "Duran Duran's David Lynch-Directed Film Hits Theaters for One Night Only". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 27, 2015.

    Bibliography

    • Barney, Richard A. (2009). David Lynch: Interviews. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1604732368.
    • Cozzolino, Robert (2014). David Lynch: The Unified Field. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520283961.
    • Odell, Colin; Le Blanc, Michelle (2007). David Lynch. Kamera Books. ISBN 978-1-84243-225-9.
    • Rodley, Chris; Lynch, David (2005). Lynch on Lynch (2nd ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 0-571-22018-5.

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