David Schindler

David William Schindler, OC AOE FRSC FRS, (born August 3, 1940) is an American/Canadian limnologist. He holds the Killam Memorial Chair and is Professor of Ecology in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta.[2][3] He is notable for "innovative large-scale experiments" on whole lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA)[4] which proved that "phosphorus controls the eutrophication (excessive algal blooms) in temperate lakes [5] leading to the banning of phosphates in detergents. He is also known for his research on acid rain[5][6] In 1989, Dr. Schindler moved from the ELA to continue his research at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, with studies into fresh water shortages and the effects of climate disruption on Canada's alpine and northern boreal ecosystems.[5] Schindler's has earned him numerous national and international awards, including the Gerhard Herzberg Gold Medal, the First Stockholm Water Prize (1991)[7][8]:5 the Volvo Environment Prize (1998),[9] and the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (2006).[5]

David Schindler
Born (1940-08-03) August 3, 1940
Fargo, North Dakota[1]
Citizenship
  • American
  • Canadian
Alma mater
Known forExperimental Lakes Area
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisEnergy Relations at Three Trophic Levels in an Aquatic Food Chain (1966)

Early life

Schindler was born August 3, 1940 in Fargo, North Dakota and grew up in Minnesota Lake, Minnesota.[1] He holds dual-citizenship in Canada and the U.S.[4][9] He earned his bachelor's degree at NDSU and PhD at the University of Oxford.

Education

After completing his bachelor's degree in zoology from North Dakota State University in 1962, Schindler studied aquatic ecology at Oxford University as a Rhodes scholar. He worked first under Nikolaas Tinbergen. It was while working under Charles Sutherland Elton, one of the founders of ecology, who also established and led Oxford University's Bureau of Animal Population, that he began formulating an interdisciplinary ecosystem approach to study water and ecology. He received his Ph.D in ecology in 1966 from Oxford University.

Early career

For two years he was an assistant professor in the Biology Department at Trent University.

Career

Experimental Lakes Area
Main article: Experimental Lakes Area

For fifty years, from 1968 to 2018, "...the world’s most influential 58 lakes (and their watersheds)— IISD Experimental Lakes Area— these ordinary yet highly impactful lakes in a remote corner of northwestern Ontario, Canada have been the only ones in the world dedicated to long-term whole ecosystem experimentation."

— IISD-ELA Annual Report 2017-2018

From 1968 to 1989, Schindler directed the newly created Experimental Lakes Area (ELA),[Notes 1] of the now-defunct Fisheries Research Board of Canada[10]:x near Kenora, Ontario. IISD-ELA uses the whole ecosystem approach and makes long-term, whole-lake investigations of freshwater focusing on eutrophication.[11]

Schindler was awarded the Stockholm Water Prize in 1991 for this research into excess nutrification and acidification of freshwater lakes, a long-term study that used whole lakes as natural laboratories, using an integrated ecosystem approach.[7] His work with ELA was described in a letter by Stanford University biological sciences professor Peter Vitousek supporting Schindler's receipt of the Tyler Award for Environmental Achievement award in 2006, Vitousek wrote that the "fertilization of entire lakes" the Experimental Lakes area "provided incorruptible findings" that proved that "phosphorus controls the eutrophication of temperate lakes."[5] According to an April 28, 2006 University of Alberta article written about Schindler's receipt of the Tyler award, "In a series of landmark experiments conducted during the 1970s and 1980s, Schindler demonstrated that acid rain could begin destroying freshwater lakes at far lower levels than previously thought, and that phosphorus was the major cause of uncontrolled algae growth."[5]:9

Schindler's views on the oil sands tailings ponds

In a June 3, 2019 opinion piece in The Globe and Mail, Schindler cautioned against authorizing the "discharge of treated effluence" from oil sands tailings ponds into the Athabasca River with new regulations at both the provincial and federal level.[12]

Freshwater management policies

Schindler's large body of scientific work has influenced freshwater management policies including the regulation of toxins and the limitation of eutrophication and acid rain in Canada, the US, and Europe.

Selected publications

In his 2008 book co-authored with John R. Vallentyne entitled The Algal Bowl: Overfertilization of the World's Freshwaters and Estuaries, Schindler warned about algal blooms and dead zones, "The fish-killing blooms that devastated the Great Lakes in the 1960s and 1970s haven't gone away; they've moved west into an arid world in which people, industry, and agriculture are increasingly taxing the quality of what little freshwater there is to be had here....This isn't just a prairie problem. Global expansion of dead zones caused by algal blooms is rising rapidly..."[13]

In 2010 he co-authored a report on contaminants in fresh water systems in the area affected by the oil sands development entitled "Oil sands development contributes elements toxic at low concentrations to the Athabasca River and its tributaries."[14]

Public talks and presentations

Schindler has made numerous appearances in film and television programs speaking on issues of water and air quality, particularly regarding the environmental impact of Alberta's oil sands. In 2011 he was featured in the documentary film Peace Out.

Selected awards and honours

Over his career Schindler received over a hundred awards and honours.[15]

In 1991 Schindler was awarded the prestigious Stockholm Water Prize for research into excess nutrification and acidification of freshwater lakes. In awarding the prize, the committee noted that "A famous photograph of a Canadian lake drew attention to the effects of phosphorus and played an important part in generating public support for tackling the growing problem of eutrophication, an over-abundance of nutrients in aquatic systems and one of the most serious environmental threats facing freshwater bodies and semi-enclosed seas like the Baltic. That photograph has since been reproduced hundreds of times, for students, scientists and the general public."[8]:5

In 2006 Schindler received the Tyler Award for Environmental Achievement joining "luminaries as primatologist Jane Goodall; Sir Richard Doll, who established the link between lung cancer and cigarette smoking; and Nobel laureates Paul Critzen and Mario Molina."

In 2008 he was honoured with the Alberta Order of Excellence as professor and mentor and "an internationally celebrated scientist who has led efforts to protect fresh water resources in Canada and around the world. His groundbreaking research has served as a clarion call alerting authorities and the public to the effects of pollutants and climate change on the environment. "[4][9]

He was awarded the Rachel Carson Award for his "lifetime of work on whole-ecosystem research in the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) at the November 2016 world conference SETAC held in Orlando Florida.[16]

Selected list of other awards and honours

Notes
  1. The ELA is now known as the IISD-ELA as it is now managed and operated by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).

References
  1. Schwartz, Daniel (October 18, 2010). "David Schindler: Five decades of doing science, advocating environmental policy". CBC News. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  2. Zagorski, N. (2006). "Profile of David W. Schindler". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (19): 7207–7209. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7207N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602793103. PMC 1564277. PMID 16670196.
  3. AB. Members Profile David W. Schindler. Alberta Order of Excellence
  4. Speakers/Panelists: Professor David Schindler. IAP Conference and General Assembly. IAP - The Global Network of Science Academies. 2010. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  5. Cairney, Richard (April 28, 2006). "Schindler earns Tyler Award: Renowned ecologist credits inspirational mentors". Folio. University of Alberta.
  6. "Tipping Point, The Age of the Oil Sands". The Nature of Things. CBC.
  7. "David W. Schindler". Stockholm International Water Institute.
  8. Gunnel Sundbom; Per-Arne Malmqvist, eds. (2010). The Story of the Stockholm Water Prize Laureate (PDF) (Report). ISBN 91-974183-9-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-09.
  9. "Dr. David W. Schindler OC, D.Phil., FRSC, FRS. Alberta Order of Excellence homepage". Government of Alberta. 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  10. Schindler, David William (2009a). "A personal history of the Experimental Lakes Project". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 66 (11): 1837–1847. doi:10.1139/f09-134.
  11. From Canada’s Lakes to the World (PDF). International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) (Report). IISD-ELA Annual Report 2017-2018. Winnipeg, Manitoba. p. 36.
  12. Schindler, David; Barlow, Maude (June 4, 2019). "Toxic tailings do not belong in the Athabasca River". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 21, 2019. Ottawa and Alberta are working on new regulations that would authorize discharge of treated effluent
  13. David W. Schindler; John R. Vallentyne (2008). The Algal Bowl: Overfertilization of the World's Freshwaters and Estuaries. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Press. ISBN 978-0888644848.
  14. Erin N. Kelly; David W. Schindler; Peter V. Hodson; Jeffrey W. Short; Roseanna Radmanovich; Charlene C. Nielsen (2010). "Oil sands development contributes elements toxic at low concentrations to the Athabasca River and its tributaries". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (37): 16178–16183. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10716178K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1008754107. PMC 2941314. PMID 20805486.
  15. Enright, Michael (May 24, 2013). Ecologist David Schindler Retires (Interview). CBC Radio. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  16. "Mercury research, sunshine and politics at SETAC in Florida". K.C. Irving Environmental Science Centre. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  17. Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). Profile David W. Schindler.
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