De (Cyrillic)

De д; italics: Д д) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

Cyrillic letter De
Phonetic usage:[d]
Name:добро
Numeric value:4
The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
АБВГҐДЂ
ЃЕЀЁЄЖЗ
З́ЅИЍЙІЇ
ЈКЛЉМНЊ
ОŌПРСС́Т
ЋЌУӮЎФХ
ЦЧЏШЩЪЫ
ЬЭЮЯ
Non-Slavic letters
А́А̀ӐА̄А̊А̃Ӓ
Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ́Ә̃ӚВ̌
ҒГ̧Г̑Г̄Г̣Г̌Ҕ
ӺҒ̌ӶԀԂ
Д̆Д̣ԪԬД̆Ӗ
Е̄Е̃Ё̄Є̈ӁҖӜ
ԄҘӞЗ̌З̱З̣Ԑ
Ԑ̈ӠԆӢИ̃ҊӤ
И́ҚӃҠҞҜК̣
ԚӅԮԒԈӍӉ
ҢԨӇҤԊО́О̀
О̆О̂О̃ӦӦ̄ӨӨ̄
Ө́Ө̆ӪҨԤҦР̌
ҎԖҪС̣С̱Т̌Т̣
ҬԎУ̃Ӱ
Ӱ́ӲҮҮ́ҰХ̣Х̱
Х̮Х̑ҲӼӾҺҺ̈
ԦҴҶӴӋҸҼ
ҾЫ̆Ы̄ӸҌЭ̆Э̄
Э̇ӬӬ́Ӭ̄Ю̆Ю̈Ю̈́
Ю̄Я̆Я̄Я̈ԜӀ
Archaic letters
ҀѺ
ОУѠѼѾ
ѢѤѦ
ѪѨѬѮ
ѰѲԌ
ѴѶԘ
ԢԔԠԞ

De commonly represents the voiced dental stop /d/, like the pronunciation of d in "door".

De is romanised using the Latin letter D.

History

The Cyrillic letter De was derived from the Greek letter Delta δ).

In the Early Cyrillic alphabet its name was добро (dobro), meaning "good".

In the Cyrillic numeral system, De had a value of 4.

Form

The major graphic difference between De and its modern Greek equivalent lies in the two descenders ("feet") below the lower corners of the Cyrillic letter. The descenders were borrowed from a Byzantine uncial shape of uppercase Delta.

De, like the Cyrillic letter El, has two typographical variants: an older variant where its top is pointed (like Delta), and a modern one (first used in mid-19th-century fonts) where it is square. Nowadays, almost all books and magazines are printed with fonts with the second variant of the letter; the first one is rather stylish and only a few popular text fonts use it (the best known example is "Baltika" designed in 1951-52 by V. G. Chiminova and others).

handwritten forms

In italic (Russian) type, the lowercase form looks more like the lowercase Latin d, or a numeral "6" flipped horizontally: д. Southern (Serbian, Bulgarian, Macedonian) typography may prefer a variant that looks like a lowercase Latin g. Cursive lowercase De has the same two shapes, but with a different distribution: for example, the g-shaped variant is a standard for Russian schools.[1]

The (Russian-Ukrainian-Belarusian-Bulgarian) cursive form of capital De looks like Latin D as the printed version is not comfortable enough to be written quickly. The Serbian cursive form is closer to the shape of a numeral "2" (identical to the form sometimes used for uppercase cursive Latin Q); this form is unknown in Russia.

Usage

It most often represents the voiced dental plosive /d/. However, word-finally and before voiceless consonants, it represents a voiceless [t]. Before a palatalizing vowel, it represents /dʲ/.

Computing codes

Character information
PreviewДд
Unicode nameCYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DECYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DECYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LONG-LEGGED DE
Encodingsdecimalhexdecimalhexdecimalhex
Unicode1044U+04141076U+04347297U+1C81
UTF-8208 148D0 94208 180D0 B4225 178 129E1 B2 81
Numeric character referenceДДддᲁᲁ
Named character referenceДд
KOI8-R and KOI8-U228E4196C4
Code page 855167A7166A6
Windows-1251196C4228E4
ISO-8859-5180B4212D4
Macintosh Cyrillic13284228E4

References

  1. "Русский алфавит" [Russian alphabet]. Archived from the original on June 6, 2013.
  • The dictionary definition of Д at Wiktionary
  • The dictionary definition of д at Wiktionary
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