Der Tod fürs Vaterland
Der Tod fürs Vaterland is an ode by Friedrich Hölderlin which has been set to music by Walter Braunfels, Fritz Brandt, and Carl Gerhardt.
Lyrics
German | English[1] |
---|---|
Du kömmst, o Schlacht! schon wogen die Jünglinge |
Thou approachest, Battle! and the youths already storm |
Kömmt über sie die Seele der Jünglinge, |
the soul of the youths comes upon them, |
O nehmt mich, nehmt mich mit in die Reihen auf, |
O take me, let me join that circle, |
Fürs Vaterland, zu bluten des Herzens Blut |
for the Fatherland, to bleed the blood of my heart, |
Wie oft im Lichte dürstet' ich euch zu sehn, |
How oft have I, in the light, wanted to see you, |
Und Siegesboten kommen herab: Die Schlacht |
And heralds of victory come down: We have |
Background
The verses are nurtured by revolutionary aspirations that emerged in Hölderlin's mind after the invasion of French troops in Southern Germany in 1796.[2]
The first draft of the ode was called "Die Schlacht" (Battle) and illustrates Hölderlin's intentions:[3]
O Schlacht fürs Vaterland, |
O battle for the fatherland, |
Der nun nimmer zögert, der nun |
Who no longer hesitates, who no longer |
Wie ein zahmes Tier, zum Dienste gebraucht. |
And used it, like a domesticated animal, for their service. |
Here, Hölderlin means the German Landesväter (Landesvater: father of the land), i.e. the princes, and criticizes the word and the concept as such positive terms were used in order to disguise their despotism and to keep their subjects unmündig.[4]
For Hölderlin, the Vaterland was thus mainly a community that had to be defended by both foreign invasion and domestic tyrants, an idea based on the principles of the French Revolution, which he admired as he had written in 1792 to his sister when he told her that he "pray[s] for the French, the advocates of human rights".[5]
The ode thus incites the German youth to start a revolutionary war of liberation: in the first two stanzas Hölderlin encourages the Jünglinge to fight the tyrannical mercenary armies of the princes that are better equipped but less motivated as they did not fight for their country but only for money. The "Vaterlandsgesängen" (patriotic paeans) he invokes are a reference to the Marseillaise which was very popular at that time, even outside France.[6]
References
- Translation of stanzas 3, 4, and 6 in: Baird, Jay W. To Die for Germany: Heroes in the Nazi Pantheon. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990. Page 197.
- In: Friedrich Hölderlin, Sämtliche Gedichte, Deutscher Klassiker Verlag im Taschenbuch, Band 4, Frankfurt 2005, Page 627
- Jochen Schmidt, in: Friedrich Hölderlin, Sämtliche Gedichte, Deutscher Klassiker Verlag im Taschenbuch, Band 4, Frankfurt 2005, Page 625.
- Kommentar in: Friedrich Hölderlin, Sämtliche Gedichte, Deutscher Klassiker Verlag im Taschenbuch, Band 4, Frankfurt 2005, S. 625
- Zit nach: Wolf Biermann, Vaterlandsphrasen oder schwäbische Marseillaise?, in: 1000 Deutsche Gedichte und ihre Interpretationen, Hrsg. Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Von Friedrich Schiller bis Joseph von Eichendorff, Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main und Leipzig 1994, Page 95.
- Jochen Schmidt, in: Friedrich Hölderlin, Sämtliche Gedichte, Deutscher Klassiker Verlag im Taschenbuch, Band 4, Frankfurt 2005, Page 626.