Diamond Life

After studying fashion design, and later modeling briefly, Sade began backup singing with British band Pride, during this time she formed a songwriting partnership with Pride's guitarist/saxophonist Stewart Matthewman; together, backed by Pride's rhythm section Paul Anthony Cook and Paul Denman, they began doing their own sets at Pride gigs.[6] Her solo performances of the song "Smooth Operator" attracted the attention of record companies, and in 1983, Adu and Matthewman, split from Pride, along with bassist Paul Denman and drummer Paul Anthony Cook to form the band Sade.[6][7] In May 1983, Sade performed for the first time in the United States, at Danceteria Club in New York. On 18 October 1983 Sade Adu signed with Epic Records, while the rest of the band signed to her as contractors in 1984.[8]

Prior to signing the record deal, the group recorded Diamond Life in six weeks. It was recorded at Power Plant Studios in London. After cutting the proposed singles "Smooth Operator" and "Your Love Is King", the first album track recorded was "Sally", a song about the Salvation Army.[9] During recording the band worked collectively on the musical direction, rehearsing each song in detail and then recording it.[9] The song "When Am I Going to Make a Living" was started by Sade on the back of a cleaning ticket after she picked her clothes up from the cleaners. She had no money and she wrote down, "When Am I Going to Make a Living".[9]

Producer Robin Millar met the band in 1983, and the band members had never worked in a professional studio and only had demos and recordings from the BBC studios and EMI publishing studios. Millar booked a week's worth of studio time and noted that the limitations of recording before computers had an impact upon the sound. "We used a real piano and a Fender Rhodes piano, painstakingly synching them up." They recorded 15 songs,[10] all written by Adu and members of the group, except "Smooth Operator" written exclusively by Adu and Ray St. John. They also recorded a cover version of "Why Can't We Live Together" (1972) by Timmy Thomas.[11]

For the recording of "Cherry Pie" the band had no mixing desks with automation, each member had their job of putting a bit of echo, delay, or changing a level.[9] Then Millar would edit between the different mixes. Speaking about this Stuart Matthewman said, "Very often, we would have six people at the mixing desk at the same time."

Lyrically the album revolves around themes of love, discussing both the positive and the negative of relationships, the music features jazzy textures, built over prominent basslines, smooth drums and subtle guitar. The album also features heavy use of brass instruments and keyboards.[12] According to Paul Lester of the BBC, the album is "sufficiently soulful and jazzy yet poppy, funky and easy listening", Lester described the album is being predominantly a quiet storm album with elements of mellifluous R&B.[13] Sade's vocals on the album were described as "deliberately icy, her delivery and voice aloof, deadpan, and cold" while Ron Wynn of All, stated that the album contained "slick production and quasi-jazz backing".[14]

In a contemporary review, Stephen Holden of The New York Times said Diamond Life "eschews the synthesizers that dominate British pop to make music that resembles a cross between the rock-jazz of Steely Dan and the West Indian-flavored folk-pop of Joan Armatrading. Smoldering Brazilian rhythms blend with terse pop-soul melodies and jazzy harmonies to create a sultry, timeless nightclub ambiance."[15] Rolling Stone called it soul music with "self-possessed sophistication", and described Sade's vocal as "thick and rich".[16]

The album opens with the single "Smooth Operator", musically song cross between R&B, jazz, adult contemporary, pop and dance music over a light production.[17] The song contains a Latin-style percussion and lusty saxophone and features lyrics about an "international playboy".[18] "Your Love Is King" is a dynamic smooth ballad, that contains wrenching vocals performed by Sade and saxophone solo by Stuart Matthewman. The following song on the album is the uptempo track "Hang On to Your Love", which contains a thumping groove and lyrics that revolve around someone holding on to a relationship when things are going bad.[19] "Sally" is a haunting laid-back, bluesy ballad that was compared to the work of Billie Holiday might have recorded, the album closes with cover version of Timmy Thomas' 1972 song "Why Can't We Live Together".[19]

"Your Love Is King" was released as the album's lead single on 25 February 1984, the song was a success in European territories charting at number seven in Ireland and number six on the UK Singles Chart.[20][21] The song was less successful in the US where it peaked at number 54 on the US Billboard Hot 100[22] "When Am I Going to Make a Living" was released as the album's second single in the UK on 26 May 1984, the single was less successful than its predecessor charting at number 28 on the Irish Singles Chart[20] and number 36 on the UK Singles Chart.[23] However the song did fare well elsewhere peaking at number 12 on the Dutch Top 40.[24]

The third single "Smooth Operator" became the album's most successful song in the US, "Smooth Operator" was first released on 15 September 1984. In Europe the song fared well peaking at number 19 in the UK,[25] the song also reached the top 20 in Austria, Switzerland, France and Germany.[26][27] The song was a huge success in the US where it peaked at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 and the US Billboard Hot Black Singles, as well as peaking at number one on the US Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.[28]

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[29]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music	[30]
The Great Rock Discography	7/10[31]
MusicHound R&B	2.5/5[32]
Pitchfork	9.6/10[33]
Rolling Stone	[16]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide	[34]
Smash Hits	8½/10[35]
Uncut	[36]
The Village Voice	B[37]

In a contemporary review for The Village Voice, Robert Christgau applauded Sade's "taste, concept, sound", and avoidance of indulgent musicianship, arguing that these qualities enhanced the "humanitarian" themed songs. The range of both the singer's "grainy voice" and "well-meaning songwriting" was questioned by Christgau, who found "Hang On to Your Love" and "Smooth Operator" more "warming" than "seductive" and incapable of sustaining the rest of the album.[37] Lynn Van Matre from the Chicago Tribune deemed the record "casual cocktail-lounge elegance", performed "with far more style than substance".[38] Connie Johnson of the Los Angeles Times said "there's an earthy substance to some of the cuts—not much substance, but enough to draw you back for another listen", while crediting Sade for knowing how to "clamp personal style onto recycled R&B idioms and make it all look invitingly new".[39] Paul Lester was more enthusiastic in a retrospective review for BBC Music, crediting Sade for her ability to write "songs that were sufficiently soulful and jazzy yet poppy, funky yet easy listening, to appeal to fans of all those genres".[13] Paul Evans called Diamond Life a "victory of attitude" in The Rolling Stone Album Guide (1992), writing that Sade "projects a wised-up sensuality, and the record neither creaks with the revivalism of Harry Connick nor the sterility of Simply Red, to name but two of Sade's neo-cocktail rivals."[40]

Diamond Life was voted the 14th best album of the year in the 1985 Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of American critics, published by The Village Voice; "Smooth Operator" was voted 25th in the singles poll.[41] The album also won the 1985 Brit Award for the Best British Album.[42] The video for "Smooth Operator", directed by Julien Temple, was nominated for two MTV Video Music Awards in 1985, Best Female Video and Best New Artist.[43]

Diamond Life reached number two in the UK Album Chart and was certified by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 2 March 1987, denoting shipments in excess of 1.2 million copies in the United Kingdom.[44][45] In the United States, it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200,[46] and on 2 February 1995, it was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments in excess of four million copies.[47] Additionally, the album topped the charts in Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.[48][49] By May, 1985, Diamond Life had international sales of over 1 million copies sold in UK, and 4 million copies sold worldwide.[50] As of November 1997 worldwide sales stand at 10 million.[2]

Sade and the band were credited as being influential to neo soul. The band achieved success in the 1980s with music that featured a sophisti-pop style, incorporating elements of soul, pop, smooth jazz, and quiet storm.[51][52] Lester credited the album with giving quiet storm music a "wide, even international audience".[13] The band was part of a new wave of British R&B-oriented artists during the late 1980s and early 1990s that also included Soul II Soul, Caron Wheeler, The Brand New Heavies, Simply Red, Jamiroquai, and Lisa Stansfield.[53] AllMusic's Alex Henderson wrote, "Many of the British artists who emerged during that period had a neo-soul outlook and were able to blend influences from different eras".[53] Following the coining of the term "quiet storm" by Smokey Robinson, Sade was credited for helping give the genre a worldwide audience.[13]

Some cassette editions, like the initial US and Canadian editions, use the above standard track listing. Others used the track listing below, that included "Smooth Operator/Snake Bite" and "Love Affair with Life" from the single for "Your Love Is King".

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Diamond Life.[11]

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• List of European number-one hits of 1985