Dipotassium phosphate

Dipotassium phosphate
Names
	IUPAC name Potassium hydrogen phosphate
	Other names Potassium monohydrogen phosphate; Phosphoric acid dipotassium salt; Potassium phosphate dibasic
Identifiers
CAS Number	7758-11-4 ; 16788-57-1 (trihydrate) ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:131527 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200459 ;
ChemSpider	22858 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.940
EC Number	231-834-5;
E number	E340(ii) (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID	24450;
UNII	CI71S98N1Z ; RJK174X3TZ (trihydrate) ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8035506 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2K.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q2+1;/p-2 Key: ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/2K.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q2+1;/p-2 Key: ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-NUQVWONBAH;
	SMILES [K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	K2HPO4
Molar mass	174.2 g/mol
Appearance	white powder ; deliquescent
Odor	odorless
Density	2.44 g/cm3
Melting point	> 465 °C (869 °F; 738 K) decomposes
Solubility in water	149.25 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility	slightly soluble in alcohol
Acidity (pKa)	12.4
Basicity (pKb)	6.8
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 1 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other cations	Disodium phosphate; Diammonium phosphate
Related compounds	Monopotassium phosphate; Tripotassium phosphate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Dipotassium phosphate (K₂HPO₄) (also dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate; potassium phosphate dibasic) is the inorganic compound with the formula K₂HPO₄^.(H₂O)_x (x = 0, 3, 6). Together with monopotassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄^.(H₂O)_x), it is often used as a fertilizer, food additive, and buffering agent.[1] It is a white or colorless solid that is soluble in water.

It is produced commercially by partiial neutralization of phosphoric acid with two equivalents of potassium chloride:[1]

H₃PO₄ + 2 KCl → K₂HPO₄ + 2 HCl

Uses

As a food additive, dipotassium phosphate is used in imitation dairy creamers, dry powder beverages, mineral supplements, and starter cultures.[2] It functions as an emulsifier, stabilizer and texturizer; it also is a buffering agent, and chelating agent especially for the calcium in milk products..[3]

As a food additive, dipotassium phosphate is categorized by the United States Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).[4]

References

Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2012). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3.
John H. Thorngate III; Seppo Salminen; Larry A. Branen; Michael P. Davidson, eds. (2001). "Food Phosphates". Food Additives. Food Science and Technology. 116. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/9780824741709.ch25. ISBN 978-0-8247-9343-2.
"What is dipotassium phosphate?". Retrieved 2020-09-09.
"Database of Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Reviews". Retrieved 2008-03-22. (listed as "potassium phosphate, dibasic")

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[Ullmann-1] Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2012). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3.

[2] John H. Thorngate III; Seppo Salminen; Larry A. Branen; Michael P. Davidson, eds. (2001). "Food Phosphates". Food Additives. Food Science and Technology. 116. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/9780824741709.ch25. ISBN 978-0-8247-9343-2.

[3] "What is dipotassium phosphate?". Retrieved 2020-09-09.

[4] "Database of Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Reviews". Retrieved 2008-03-22. (listed as "potassium phosphate, dibasic")