Tripotassium phosphate

Tripotassium phosphate
	; Unit cell of tripotassium phosphate.
Names
	IUPAC name Potassium phosphate
	Systematic IUPAC name Potassium tetraoxidophosphate(3−)
	Other names Potassium phosphate, tribasic
Identifiers
CAS Number	7778-53-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	56408 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.006
E number	E340(iii) (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID	62657;
UNII	16D59922JU ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3043994 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3 Key: LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K ;
	SMILES [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	K3PO4
Molar mass	212.27 g/mol
Appearance	White deliquescent powder
Density	2.564 g/cm3 (17 °C)
Melting point	1,380 °C (2,520 °F; 1,650 K)
Solubility in water	90 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	Insoluble
Basicity (pKb)	1.6
Structure[1]
Crystal structure	Primitive orthorhombic
Space group	Pnma, No. 62
Lattice constant	a = 1.123772 nm, b = 0.810461 nm, c = 0.592271 nm[1]
Hazards
Main hazards	Irritant
Safety data sheet	MSDS
R-phrases (outdated)	R36-R38
S-phrases (outdated)	S26-S36
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 2 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other cations	Trisodium phosphate; Triammonium phosphate; Tricalcium phosphate
Related compounds	Monopotassium phosphate; Dipotassium phosphate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Tripotassium phosphate, also called tribasic potassium phosphate[2] is a water-soluble salt with the chemical formula K₃PO₄^.(H₂O)_x (x = 0, 3, 7, 9).[3] Tripotassium phosphate is a strong base.

Production

Tripotassium phosphate is produced by the neutralization of phosphoric acid:[3] ${\ce {H3PO4 + 3KOH -> K3PO4 + 3H2O}}$

Use in organic chemistry

K3PO4

Tripotassium phosphate has few industrial applications except as a reagent in organic synthesis, where it has been used as a catalyst. Some of the reactions catalysed by ${\ce {K3PO4}}$ are listed below:

The hydrate ( ${\ce {K3PO4\cdot H2O}}$ ) has been used to catalyze the deprotection of BOC amines. Microwave radiation is used to aid the reaction.[4]
As a catalyst for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl ethers using [Bmim] ${\ce {BF4}}$ as the solvent. Aryl methane-sulfonates are deprotected and then followed by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) with activated aryl halides.[5]
As a base in the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with terminal alkynes. It also plays a role in the deacetonation of 4-aryl-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol intermediates.[6]
As the base in the cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and phenols or aliphatic alcohols.[7]

Hazards

It is somewhat basic: a 1% aqueous solution has a pH of 11.8.[3]

References

Voronin, V. I.; Ponosov, Yu. S.; Berger, I. F.; Proskurnina, N. V.; Zubkov, V. G.; Tyutyunnik, A. P.; Bushmeleva, S. N.; Balagurov, A. M.; Sheptyakov, D. V.; Burmakin, E. I.; Shekhtman, G. Sh.; Vovkotrub, E. G. (2006). "Crystal structure of the low-temperature form of K3PO4". Inorganic Materials. 42 (8): 908–913. doi:10.1134/S0020168506080206. S2CID 92351896.
"Potassium phosphate tribasic P5629". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2012). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3.
Dandepally, Srinivasa Reddy; Williams, Alfred L. (2009-03-04). "Microwave-assisted N-Boc deprotection under mild basic conditions using K3PO4·H2O in MeOH". Tetrahedron Letters. 50 (9): 1071–1074. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.074. ISSN 0040-4039.
Xu, Hui; Chen, Yang (2007-04-30). "C(aryl)-O Bond Formation from Aryl Methanesulfonates via Consecutive Deprotection and S_NAr Reactions with Aryl Halides in an Ionic Liquid". Molecules. 12 (4): 861–867. doi:10.3390/12040861. PMC 6149384. PMID 17851438.
Shirakawa, Eiji; Kitabata, Takaaki; Otsuka, Hidehito; Tsuchimoto, Teruhisa (2005-10-10). "A simple catalyst system for the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes". Tetrahedron. 61 (41): 9878–9885. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.099. ISSN 0040-4020.
Niu, Jiajia; Zhou, Hua; Li, Zhigang; Xu, Jingwei; Hu, Shaojing (2008-10-03). "An Efficient Ullmann-Type C−O Bond Formation Catalyzed by an Air-Stable Copper(I)−Bipyridyl Complex". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 73 (19): 7814–7817. doi:10.1021/jo801002c. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 18771324.

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[autogenerated2-1] Voronin, V. I.; Ponosov, Yu. S.; Berger, I. F.; Proskurnina, N. V.; Zubkov, V. G.; Tyutyunnik, A. P.; Bushmeleva, S. N.; Balagurov, A. M.; Sheptyakov, D. V.; Burmakin, E. I.; Shekhtman, G. Sh.; Vovkotrub, E. G. (2006). "Crystal structure of the low-temperature form of K3PO4". Inorganic Materials. 42 (8): 908–913. doi:10.1134/S0020168506080206. S2CID 92351896.

[autogenerated4-2] "Potassium phosphate tribasic P5629". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2018-04-27.

[Ullmann-3] Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2012). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3.

[4] Dandepally, Srinivasa Reddy; Williams, Alfred L. (2009-03-04). "Microwave-assisted N-Boc deprotection under mild basic conditions using K3PO4·H2O in MeOH". Tetrahedron Letters. 50 (9): 1071–1074. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.074. ISSN 0040-4039.

[5] Xu, Hui; Chen, Yang (2007-04-30). "C(aryl)-O Bond Formation from Aryl Methanesulfonates via Consecutive Deprotection and S_NAr Reactions with Aryl Halides in an Ionic Liquid". Molecules. 12 (4): 861–867. doi:10.3390/12040861. PMC 6149384. PMID 17851438.

[6] Shirakawa, Eiji; Kitabata, Takaaki; Otsuka, Hidehito; Tsuchimoto, Teruhisa (2005-10-10). "A simple catalyst system for the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes". Tetrahedron. 61 (41): 9878–9885. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.099. ISSN 0040-4020.

[7] Niu, Jiajia; Zhou, Hua; Li, Zhigang; Xu, Jingwei; Hu, Shaojing (2008-10-03). "An Efficient Ullmann-Type C−O Bond Formation Catalyzed by an Air-Stable Copper(I)−Bipyridyl Complex". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 73 (19): 7814–7817. doi:10.1021/jo801002c. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 18771324.