Eden Gardens
Eden Gardens is a cricket ground in Kolkata, India. Established in 1864, it is the oldest[3][4][5] and second-largest cricket stadium in India after the newly built Sardar Patel Stadium and third in the world after Sardar Patel Stadium and Melbourne Cricket Ground. The stadium currently has a capacity of 68,000.[2][5][6] On 22 November 2019, the venue hosted the first ever day/night Test match in India during the second Test between India and Bangladesh.[7]
 The Eden Gardens on a matchday | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Address | India | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Location | Kolkata, West Bengal, India | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coordinates | 22°33′52″N 88°20′36″E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owner | Indian Army[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operator | Cricket Association of Bengal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Executive suites | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capacity | 40,000 (1864–1987) 100,000+ (1987–2011) 66,349 (2011–2018) 68,000 (present)[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acreage | 50 acres (20 ha) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surface | Grass (natural) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Eden Gardens is often referred to as home of Indian cricket. It has the fastest outfield of all the cricket stadiums in India, and is regarded as a "batsman's paradise". The ground has been referred to as "cricket's answer to the Colosseum".[8] Eden Gardens is called the “Mecca of Indian cricket”, due to it being the first officially built ground for the game of cricket in India.[9][10] Eden Gardens has hosted matches in major international competitions including the World Cup, World Twenty20 and Asia Cup. In 1987, Eden Gardens became the second stadium to host a World Cup final. The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 final was held at the stadium, with the West Indies beat England in a closely fought encounter.
Stadium History
The stadium was established in 1864. It takes its name from the Eden Gardens, one of the oldest parks in Kolkata, adjacent to the stadium, designed in 1841 and named after the Eden sisters of Lord Auckland, the then Governor-General of India.[11] Initially it was named 'Auckland Circus Gardens' but later changed to 'Eden Gardens' by its makers inspired by Garden of Eden in the Bible.[12] According to popular culture, Babu Rajchandra Das, the then zamindar (landlord) of Kolkata, had gifted one of his biggest gardens besides river Hooghly, to Viceroy Lord Auckland Eden and his sister Emily Eden after they helped him by saving his 3rd daughter from a fatal disease. From then onwards the garden's name was changed from Mar Bagan to Eden Gardens. The cricket grounds were built between Babughat and Fort William.[13] The stadium is in the B. B. D. Bagh area of the city, near the State Secretariat and opposite to the Calcutta High Court.
The first recorded Test at the venue was held in 1934 between England and India,[14] its first One Day International in 1987 between India and Pakistan[15] and its first T20 international in 2011 between India and England.[16] The Hero Cup semi final featuring India and South Africa was the first Day/Night match.[17]
Stadium
The Stadium is the headquarters of the Cricket Association of Bengal. Apart from International matches, the stadium hosts matches for domestic Indian cricket and is the home venue for Kolkata Knight Riders. The stadium's Club House is named after former Chief Minister of West Bengal Dr. B. C. Roy.
1987 Renovation
Before the 1987 World Cup, the stadium had a capacity of 40,000. It was expanded to 94,000.[18] Renovations included changes to press box, club house and television infrastructure. 42 columns provided the support for large roofs and multi-tiered covered stands. Even after the renovation, not all seats were covered and many sections lacked individual seats.
However, match day attendance of more than 100,000 spectators[19] have been recorded on at least 6 occasions until the early 2000s.
2011 Renovation
Eden Gardens underwent renovation for the 2011 Cricket World Cup.[20] Renovation had been undertaken to meet the standards set by the International Cricket Council (ICC) for the 2011 World Cup. The Cricket Association of Bengal retained the team of Burt Hill and VMS to renovate the Eden Gardens Cricket Stadium. The plans for the renovated stadium included a new clubhouse and players' facilities, upgrades of the exterior walls to give the stadium a new look, cladding the existing roof structure with a new metal skin, new/upgraded patron amenities & signage and general infrastructure improvements. The upgrade also meant reduction of the seating capacity to about 68,000 from around 94,000 before the upgrade.
Due to unsafe conditions arising from the incomplete renovations, the ICC withdrew the India vs. England match from the Eden Gardens. This match, scheduled on 27 February 2011,[21] was played in Bengaluru at M.Chinnaswamy Stadium.
The stadium hosted the remaining three scheduled World Cup 2011 Matches on 15, 18 and 20 March 2011. In the last of these three matches (Kenya vs Zimbabwe), the stadium had the minimal ticket-purchasing crowd in its recorded history with 15 spectators having bought tickets.[22]
Stands
Eden Gardens stands have been named after prominent local cricketers and soldiers. On 22 January 2017, 2 stands were named after Indian cricketers - Sourav Ganguly and Pankaj Roy while 2 more were after cricket administrators - BN Dutt (BCCI President 1988-1990) and Jagmohan Dalmiya (BCCI President 2001–04, 2013 - interim, 2015).[23] Dalmiya served as ICC President from 1997 to 2000.
On 27 April 2017, 4 stands were named after Indian soldiers[24] - Colonel Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair, Havildar Hangpan Dada, Lieutenant Colonel Dhan Singh Thapa and Subedar Joginder Singh Sahnan. LC Thapa and Subedar Singh are Param Vir Chakra awardees - the highest wartime military decoration in India while Col Nair and Havildar Dada are Ashok Chakra - the highest peacetime military decoration.
Experience
Eden Gardens is renowned for its large and vociferous crowds.[25][26] Former Aussie captain Steve Waugh considers the Eden Gardens as 'Lord's of the subcontinent'.[27] Dileep Vengsarkar called Eden Gardens as the second best after Lords.[26] Former Indian Captain and Kolkata Native Sourav Ganguly confessed once in an interview that the roar of crowd at the stadium he heard when India defeated Australia in the Second Test of 2000–01 Border–Gavaskar Trophy was the loudest he had ever heard.
In 2016, a bell was added to the stadium to ring in the start of day's play for test cricket and start of match for ODI & T20I matches. Kapil Dev was the first person to ring the bell to start the test match between India and New Zealand in September 2016.[28]
Cricket World Cup matches
Eden Gardens has hosted 15 Cricket World Cup matches hosted in India across formats and men's and women's cricket. Eden Gardens has hosted 6 Cricket World Cup matches in 1987 (2), 1996 (1), 2011 (3). The stadium hosted 5 T20I matches during 2016 ICC World Twenty20. The stadium hosted 2 Women's Cricket World Cup matches - one each in 1978 and 1997 and one Women T20I match during the 2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament.
Eden Gardens has hosted 4 finals (1987 ODI CWC, 2016 T20I, 1997 Women's CWC and 2016 Women's T20I) and 1 semifinal (1996 ODI CWC).
1996 ICC Cricket World Cup
13 March 1996 Scorecard |
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- The match was awarded to Sri Lanka by match referee Clive Lloyd when play could not continue due to the rioting crowd.
2011 ICC Cricket World Cup
Eden Gardens was meant to host a Group B Match between India and England on 27 February 2011. The ICC, however, stripped the stadium of the match after deciding that the renovation of the grounds would not be completed in time.
18 March 2011 09:30 |
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- Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
20 March 2011 09:30 |
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- Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.
2016 ICC World Twenty20
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- Afghanistan won the toss and elected to bat.
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- Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
- Shakib Al Hasan became the second player for Bangladesh to pass 1,000 runs in T20Is.[29]
- Shakib Al Hasan also became the second all-rounder to score 1,000 runs and take 50 wickets in T20Is.[29]
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- India won the toss and elected to field.
- The start of the match was delayed by a wet outfield and the game was reduced to 18 overs per side.
- This was India's eleventh victory against Pakistan in ICC World Cup matches across both ODI and T20I formats.[30]
- Ahmed Shehzad became the fifth player for Pakistan to pass 1,000 runs in T20Is.[31]
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- New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
- Henry Nicholls (NZ) made his T20I debut.
- Mustafizur Rahman became the second bowler for Bangladesh and 16th player overall to take a five-wicket haul in a T20I match.[32]
- Bangladesh's total is their lowest total in a T20I match.[33]
- Ten dismissals in this match were bowled, the most in a T20I match.[34]
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- West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
- Marlon Samuels (WI) scored the highest total in a World T20 final.[35]
- West Indies became the first team to win both the men's and women's World Twenty20s on the same day, with the women defeating Australia by 8 wickets.
1978 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup
1997 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup
2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20
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- Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
First Day/Night test
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- Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.
Notable events
- In 1946, an in-form Mushtaq Ali was dropped from the Indian team selected to play an unofficial test against Australian Services XI. Following crowd protests (with slogans like "No Mushtaq, No Test"), the selectors brought him back to play.[36]
- Rioting occurred at the ground during the 1966/67 West Indies and 1969/70 Australian tours.[19]
- In 1977, New York Cosmos played a Football match against Mohun Bagan at the stadium. Pelé played in that match for the Cosmos. The match was drawn at 2–2.
- 16 football fans died in a stampede after a derby league game between East Bengal and Mohun Bagan on 16 August 1980.
- Hosted Nehru Cup in 1984, where India national football team played against Argentina, Poland, China PR, Romania U-21 and Vasas Budapest.[37]
- Eden Gardens hosted the 1987 Cricket World Cup Final which was first ever Cricket World Cup final hosted outside England. The match ended with Australia defeating England by 7 runs. This was first time Australia won the Cricket World Cup Final.
- The 1996 World Cup semi-final was called off and Sri Lanka awarded the match after crowd disturbances following an Indian batting collapse.[19]
- During the 2nd final of the 1997 Pepsi Independence Cup, the Test and ODI captains of the Indian cricket team of all time (with a few notable exceptions) were given a lap of honour around the stadium.
- In 1999, leading Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar was run out after colliding with Pakistan's Shoaib Akhtar. Akhtar had impeded Tendulkar and the crowd rioted, forcing the police to evict the spectators. The match continued in front of an empty stadium.
- Kapil Dev took an ODI hat-trick against the Sri Lankans in 1991 at the ground.
- Harbhajan Singh took a hat-trick against Australia in 2000/01 at the ground. He became the first Indian to take a hat-trick in Test cricket.
- In 2000/01, V.V.S. Laxman scored 281 against Australia in the Second Test, 2000–01 Border–Gavaskar Trophy. This remains the highest score at the ground. He was involved in a memorable 376 runs partnership with Rahul Dravid who scored 180. They batted through the whole Day 4 of the test match without losing their wickets. Australia were defeated despite enforcing India to follow-on. It was only the third time in Test history that a team had won after being forced to follow on.[38] It is widely considered to be one of the greatest Test matches in cricket history.[39]
- In 2005, in an ODI against South Africa, Eden Gardens crowd booed the Indian team and Greg Chappell because of Sourav Ganguly's dropping from the team. Chappell allegedly showed middle finger to the crowd.
- In 2005, Sachin Tendulkar scored his 10,000th run in Test Cricket against Pakistan on this ground making him the second Indian batsman and fifth overall to achieve this feat.
- Eden Gardens hosted the historic 199th (penultimate) Test match of Sachin Tendulkar's career against West Indies from 6-10 Nov 2013. India defeated West Indies by an innings and 51 runs in 3 days.
- On its 150th anniversary, on 13 November 2014, Eden Gardens witnessed the highest ever score by a batsman in One Day Internationals, a 264 off 173 balls scored by Rohit Sharma during the 4th One Day International of Sri Lanka vs India at the venue.
- On 3 April 2016, in this venue, within a span of hours, the finals of the ICC world cup Twenty20 tournaments for the women and for the men were won by the respective women's and men's teams of the West Indies.
- The stadium hosted the 200th and 250th home tests for India in 2005 and 2016 respectively.
- On 22 January 2017, Ravindra Jadeja became the first Indian left arm spinner to take 150 One Day International wickets, when he dismissed Sam Billings.
- On 21 September 2017, Kuldeep Yadav became the third bowler for India to take a hat-trick in an ODI after Chetan Sharma and Kapil Dev. When he took a hat-trick against Australia.
- On 22 November 2019, India's first ever Day/Night test match between India and Bangladesh was hosted at Eden Gardens and the game was inaugurated jointly by the Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee and the President of Bangladesh, Abdul Hamid.[40]
Stats and Records
Records
- The most runs in Test Matches played here are scored by V.V.S. Laxman (1217 runs),[41] followed by Rahul Dravid (962 runs) and Sachin Tendulkar (872 runs). The most wickets taken here was by Harbhajan Singh (46 wickets) followed by Anil Kumble (40 wickets) and Bishen Singh Bedi (29 wickets).
- The most runs in ODIs scored here by a batsman is by Sachin Tendulkar (496 runs), followed by Mohammed Azharuddin (332 runs) and Virat Kohli (326 runs). The most wickets taken here is by Anil Kumble and Kapil Dev (14 wickets each), followed by Ravindra Jadeja (9 wickets).
- VVS Laxman and Mohammed Azharuddin have scored 5 centuries each at this venue.
- The highest ever ODI individual score of 264 is made by Rohit Sharma on this ground against Sri Lanka in 2014.
- On 21 September 2017, Kuldeep Yadav became the third bowler for India to take a hat-trick in an ODI after Chetan Sharma and Kapil Dev. When he took a hat trick against Australia.
- The highest runs scored ever in IPL at Eden Gardens was scored on 28 April 2019. The score was scored by Kolkata Knight Riders against Mumbai Indians. The score was 232/2. MI Scored 198/7 After Hardik Pandya Scored 91(34) Deliveries handing KKR its 100th T20 win.
- The lowest total in the history of IPL - RCB (49/10)
| Category | Test Matches | ODI Matches | T20I Matches |
|---|---|---|---|
| Highest Inning Score | 657/d -  India vs .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia (2001)[42] |
404/5 - India vs  Sri Lanka (2014)[43] |
201/5 -  Pakistan vs  Bangladesh (2016)[44] |
| Lowest Inning Score | 90 - India vs  West Indies (1983)[45] |
120/8 - India vs Sri Lanka (1996)[46] |
70 - Bangladesh vs  New Zealand (2016)[47] |
| Largest Victory - By Innings | Innings & 336 runs - West Indies vs India (1983)[48] | N/A | N/A |
| Largest Victory - By Runs | 329 runs -  South Africa vs India (1996)[48] |
161 runs -  Zimbabwe vs  Kenya (2011)[49] |
75 runs - New Zealand vs Bangladesh (2016)[47] |
| Largest Victory - By Wickets | 10 Wickets - Australia vs India (1969)[48] |
10 Wickets - South Africa vs India (2005)[49] |
6 Wickets -  England vs India (2011) and Sri Lanka vs  Afghanistan (2016)[47] |
| Largest Victory - By Balls Remaining | N/A | 90 balls - India vs Kenya (1998)[49] |
13 balls - India vs Pakistan (2016)[47] |
| Narrowest Victory - By Runs | 28 runs - India vs England (1972)[50] |
2 runs - India vs South Africa (1993)[51] |
55 runs - Pakistan vs Bangladesh (2016)[52] |
| Narrowest Victory - By Wickets | 7 Wickets - England vs India (2012)[50] |
2 Wickets - Pakistan vs India (1987)[51] |
4 Wickets - West Indies vs England (2016)[52] |
| Narrowest Victory - By Balls Remaining | N/A | 1 ball - Pakistan vs West Indies (1989)[51] |
2 ball - West Indies vs England (2016)[52] |
See also
References
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eden Gardens. |
Kolkata/Maidan travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Eden Gardens Cricket Stadium Kolkata, India – Eden Gardens Cricket Stadium Seating Layout
- CricketArchive statistics for Eden gardens
- IPL-5 Matches at Eden Gardens – IPL 2012 Matches at Eden Gardens
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