Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti

The stadium under construction.

The Club Atlético River Plate was founded in 1901 and by 1934, it had won two championships. At the time, the club was nicknamed "Los Millonarios" (The Millionaires in Spanish) because of the purchase of forward Carlos Peucelle for whom River had paid a huge amount of money. On October 31, 1934, River Plate purchased the land where the club was to build the new stadium in the neighborhood of Belgrano.[1]

El Monumental was built on land reclaimed from the marshy coast of Río de la Plata. On May 25, 1935, the cornerstone was laid on the Centennial (now Figueroa Alcorta) and Río de la Plata (Udaondo) Avenues. On December 1 of that year, the Steering Committee presented the approved project in detail to its members at an assembly. They obtained a loan of $2,500,000 from the government and on September 27, 1936, construction began under the direction of architects José Aslan and Héctor Ezcurra.

The initial cost of work reached the figure of $4,479,545.80, but was reduced to about 3 million dollars when the committee decided to halt the construction of the north end of the stadium due to a lack of adequate funds.[1]

The foundation of the stadium was to be six or eight feet deep. This required open pit excavation to ensure the stability of the ground, and pumping bilge water from the site. The construction of the three stands was completed in two years. There are 50 km of steps, with 26,000 square meters of reinforced concrete and almost 3,000 tons of steel.

Entrance to the stadium on the day of its inauguration.

The stadium was inaugurated on Wednesday 26 May, amidst a crowd of approximately 70,000 people. They witnessed the handing over of an Argentine flag, one from the club, paid for by a group of associates, and then sang the national anthem and the River Plate chant.

The next day, nearly 68,000 spectators were present. After various activities the evening ended with a match between River Plate and Uruguay team Peñarol, with a 3–1 victory for the home squad.

In the 2016-17 league season, River Plate drew an average home attendance of 37,000, the second-highest in the league.

View of the stadium after the Sivori transfer.

When the Monumental project was originally designed, it consisted of four double decker stands. As the bank loan was not enough to carry out the entire project, the stadium was left with a horseshoe shape. The horseshoe was partially enclosed in 1958, under the club presidency of Enrique Pardo. The new construction, the first tier Colonia stand, was financed by proceeds from the 10M pesos transfer of Omar Sivori to Juventus of Italy. With the new construction the stadium's capacity reached 90,000.

The stadium was remodelled and finally completed to meet the original project after Argentina was awarded the right to host the 1978 World Cup. River Plate was lent money by the Military Government in charge of the country at the time but they struggled to meet repayments due to the changes of currency, which had a detrimental effect on the team. Monumental was the headquarters for the 1978 World Cup. The venue was opened on June 1 for the match between West Germany and Poland. They hosted seven more games, including the final between Argentina and the Netherlands.

San Lorenzo earned the record for highest number of people attending a match for a visiting team in 1982. In their second division match against Tigre, San Lorenzo (which did not have a stadium at the time), brought more than 70,000 people to River's stadium. In 1975 when River played Racing for the title (after an 18 years drought) 100,000 were present. At the end of the 1986 and 1996 Copa Libertadores second-leg finals (both against América de Cali), more seats were added and approximately 86,000 spectators were in attendance. It is estimated that for the Argentina versus Uruguay 1987 Copa América semifinal more than 87,000 spectators attended. In 1993, in a qualification match for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, Argentina lost 5–0 to Colombia, its greatest ever defeat at home. Since then, however, Argentina had never lost a match in World Cup qualifying within this stadium until Ecuador won 2–0 on October 8, 2015.

The total length of the seating in the stands of the stadium is over 70 kilometers.

Estadio Monumental panorama of the Recopa Sudamericana, its award ceremony at the 2016 final between Club Atlético River Plate and Independiente Santa Fe in which River won by 2-1.

1978 FIFA World Cup

View of the stadium during the opening of the 1978 FIFA World Cup.

Entrance to the locker room.

The stadium served as venue for the following matches during the World Cup:

Date	R	G	Team 1	Vs.	Team 2
June 1	1	2	West Germany	0–0	Poland
June 2	1	1	Argentina	2–1	Hungary
June 6	1	1	Argentina	2–1	France
June 10	1	1	Italy	1–0	Argentina
June 14	2	A	West Germany	0–0	Italy
June 18	2	A	Italy	1–0	Austria
June 21	2	A	Netherlands	2–1	Italy
June 24	T		Brazil	2–1	Italy
June 25	F		Argentina	3–1	Netherlands

The Monumental, aside from being River Plate's home ground, also accommodates the Argentina national football team in their home games for events such as the FIFA World Cup qualification.

The Monumental also hosted the closing ceremonies and the athletics events of the First Pan American Games in 1951.

The stadium host the first Super Special Stage of the 2007 Rally Argentina of WRC.

Rugby union matches featuring the Argentina national rugby union team, Los Pumas, also take place occasionally on this field, although the Pumas more frequently play at other stadiums.

Rugby test matches

12 November 2000

Argentina	33 - 37	South Africa

Attendance:65,000 Referee: (Scott Young )

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1 December 2001

Argentina	20 - 24	New Zealand

Attendance: 50,000 Referee: (Scott Young )

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2 November 2002

Argentina	6 - 17	Australia

Attendance: 65,000 Referee: (Kevin Deaker )

AC/DC in 2009, during their Black Ice World Tour.

When an international performing artist or band visits Buenos Aires, the concerts are usually held in this stadium, as it is the biggest in the city and in all of Argentina.

The stadium played host to Amnesty International's final Human Rights Now! Benefit Concert on October 15, 1988. The show was headlined by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, and also featured Sting, Peter Gabriel, Tracy Chapman, Youssou N'Dour, León Gieco and Charly García the concert was attended by 75,000 people.

David Bowie's Sound+Vision Tour was held on September 29, 1990. He sold more than 81,900 tickets from only one show.[2]

On October 5, 1990, Eric Clapton played a concert during his Journeyman World Tour in front of a sold-out crowd of 70,000 people.[3]

INXS performed at the stadium on January 22, 1991 during The X Factor World Tour.

Prince performed at the stadium in January 1991 on Rock & Pop Festival. The festival included the following singers Robert Plant, Joe Cocker y Billy Idol, among others.

Elton John performed at the stadium on November 21 and 22, 1992 during The One Tour. It was his first performance in Argentina.

Paul Simon performed at the stadium in December 1992 on Derby Festival. The festival included the following bands The Cult, John Kay, Inspiral Carpets, among others.

Guns N’ Roses first performed at the stadium with two concerts on December 5–6, 1992, as part of their Use Your Illusion Tour. Over half a year later on July 16–17, 1993, the band played two additional concerts as the final shows of the same tour, marking their last performances with most of their original lineup for over two decades. Twenty-three years later, the group reunited with classic members Slash and Duff McKagan, playing two shows on November 4–5, 2016, as part of the Not in This Lifetime... Tour.

In 1993, the American superstar Michael Jackson performed three sold-out concerts as part of his Dangerous World Tour at the stadium, on October 8, 10, and 12, for a total audience of 225 000 fans (75 0000 people per show). The last concert was recorded for a documentary but it was later cancelled by Michael Jackson. However, this concert leaked online.

Paul McCartney played three concerts at the stadium in December 1993 during The New World Tour, for the first time in the country. Seventeen years later he returned to Argentina to play two concerts to a crowd of 82,000, as part of his Up and Coming Tour in November, 2010.

Phil Collins performed at the stadium on April 23 and 24, 1995 during the Both Sides of the World Tour.

The Rolling Stones performed five sold-out concerts at the stadium during the Voodoo Lounge Tour in 1995. The British band performed five times once again in 1998 for the Bridges to Babylon Tour, and two more times in 2006 during the A Bigger Bang tour. These last concerts were released as part of the four-disc concert DVD The Biggest Bang in 2007.

Seminal punk rock band The Ramones played their final South American show on March 16, 1996.

Also Luis miguel sold out two consecutive concerts in 1996 for over 120,000 thousand people for the two nights in november 1996, Luis miguel is the only latin artist that have broken records of assistance in Argentina.

Backstreet Boys performed at the stadium on April 28, 2001 during Black & Blue Tour.

On October 6, 2001 Eric Clapton performed at the stadium during his Reptile World Tour, selling a total of 35,000 tickets.[4]

Red Hot Chili Peppers played a concert at the stadium on October 16, 2002 during their By The Way Tour. Later they played another concert on September 18, 2011 during the I'm with You World Tour.

In 1998 Irish rock band U2 brought their PopMart Tour to South America and performed Mothers of the Disappeared with the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, the mothers of the children who had disappeared under the Argentinian and Chilean dictatorships, brought on stage. The band returned again for their Vertigo Tour in 2006 to film what would become U23D, the first live-action, 3D digital film.

Madonna performed two sold-out concerts in October 1993 during The Girlie Show[5] and another four in December 2008, during her Sticky & Sweet Tour; two of these concerts were filmed and later released on a CD/DVD titled Sticky & Sweet Tour. She holds the record for fastest sell-out of a concert at the stadium for her first show, with more than 263,000 tickets sold in three hours. She also performed at the stadium on December 13 and December 15, 2012 as part of The MDNA Tour.

In 2003, the international pop singer Shakira played a sold-out concert during her Tour of the Mongoose, being the first and only female Latin artist to sell out River Plate Stadium.

Robbie Williams performed at the stadium on October 14 and 15 during his 2006 Close Encounters Tour

On May 15–16, 2007, High School Musical performed their hits from High School Musical The Tour, entitled High School Musical The Concert

Aerosmith performed at the stadium in 2007 on Quilmes Rock show. The attendance was over 70,000 Spectators. The festival included the following bands Keane, Evanescence, Velvet Revolver, Bad Religion, The Psychedelic Furs.

The Police in 2007, during their Reunion Tour.

The Police performed at Estadio Monumental on December 1 and 2, 2007 during their Reunion Tour. In 2008, the band released the live CD/DVD Certifiable that was recorded during this concerts.

In 2009 the British band Oasis presented one of the biggest concerts in their history. Noel Gallagher and the Argentine public shared an emotional moment, playing "Don't Look Back in Anger".

AC/DC performed three sold-out shows in December 2009, during their Black Ice World Tour. These shows were filmed and released on the DVD and Blu-ray Live at River Plate, was released in May 2011. In November 2012, they released a live album of the second of the three shows, which happened on 4 December.

Legendary New Jersey rockers Bon Jovi have played the stadium numerous times, most recently in 2010 as part of The Circle Tour.

The band Coldplay performed at the stadium on February 26, 2010 during Viva la Vida Tour.

In May 2011, the Teen Queen, Miley Cyrus brought her Gypsy Heart Tour which sold out in a week, filling the stadium with 65,000 people, becoming the third female artist to fill the stadium after Shakira and Madonna.

Roger Waters performed nine concerts at the stadium in March 2012, during which he and his band performed The Wall in its entirety on their 2010-2012 The Wall Live tour.[6]

Kiss played on September 3, 1994; March 14, 1997; April 10, 1999; April 5, 2009 and November 7, 2012. The 2009 concert was recorded and eventually released as a live six song DVD included on the Sonic Boom three disc package.[7]

Lady Gaga performed a sold-out show here for her tour The Born This Way Ball on November 16, 2012.

The Monsters of Rock festival was held in the stadium in 1994 and 1999 with Kiss, Black Sabbath, Slayer, Metallica, and Sepultura. Metallica again performed at the stadium in 2010 in the World Magnetic Tour.

Iron Maiden performed at the venue on September 27, 2013 as part of the Maiden England World Tour. The British metallers performed for over 60,000 people in a 145-minute show.[8]

Soda Stereo performed the final concert on September 20, 1997 during the farewell tour. This concert was recorded and released in two parts, El Último Concierto A and B and DVD. Later they performed a series of six sold-out historic concerts at the stadium in 2007 during the tour Me Verás Volver, holding the record of the South American and Spanish bands, with the most sold-out concerts at the same stadium. One of the concerts was recorded and became the CD/DVD Gira Me Verás Volver

Panoramic view from inside the stadium. River Plate played Independiente in the Apertura 2004, Round 16. River Plate won 3–0.

Ciudad Universitaria station next to the stadium

The stadium can house 74,624 people, after its renovation for the 1978 World Cup. The opening and final matches were both held in the Monumental, which had a capacity of 76,600 at the time because all of the popular stands were standing-only.

Microestadio, indoor arena that hosts River Plate's basketball and volleyball matches.

The stadium complex also has facilities for tennis, basketball, and other sports, as well as living quarters for young footballers, a theatre hall, a parking lot, museum etc. It can be accessed by several train and bus lines as it is located within walking distance from the Barrancas de Belgrano transportation hub. Contrary to most other stadiums in the Buenos Aires area, there is a sizable car park outside the stadium.

Media related to Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti at Wikimedia Commons

• Club Atlético River Plate
• Antonio Vespucio Liberti
• List of association football stadiums by capacity

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti.

• Sitio Oficial del Club Atlético River Plate
• Stadium picture
• Club Atlético River Plate official history
• In depth history of 'El Monumental'
• History of the stadium 'El Monumental' (written by fans)