Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos

Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos (originally known as Estadio Nacional) is the national stadium of Chile, and is located in the Ñuñoa district of Santiago. It is the largest stadium in Chile with an official capacity of 48,665. It is part of a 62 hectare sporting complex which also features tennis courts, an aquatics center, a modern gymnasium, a velodrome, a BMX circuit, and an assistant ground/warmup athletics track.

Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos
El Nacional, El Coloso de Ñuñoa
Former namesEstadio Nacional (1938–2008)
LocationAv. Grecia 2001, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
Coordinates33°27′52″S 70°36′38″W
Public transit at Estadio Nacional
OwnerMunicipality of Ñuñoa
OperatorChiledeportes
Capacity48,665[1] (60,000+ in concerts)
Record attendance85,268 (Universidad de ChileUniversidad Católica, 29 December 1962)
Field size105 m x 68 m
SurfaceGrass
Construction
Broke ground1937 (1937)
OpenedDecember 3, 1938 (1938-12-03)
Renovated2009–10
Expanded1962
ReopenedSeptember 12, 2010 (2010-09-12)
Construction cost$18,000,000
ArchitectFrancisco Romero
Tenants
Chile national football team
Universidad de Chile
Palestino
Santiago Morning
Deportes Recoleta
Deportes Melipilla
Real Juventud San Joaquín
Municipal Santiago
Gremio de Santiago
Selknam (rugby club)

Construction began in February 1937 and the stadium was inaugurated on December 3, 1938. The architecture was based on the Olympiastadion in Berlin, Germany. The stadium was one of the venues for the FIFA World Cup in 1962, and hosted the final where Brazil defeated Czechoslovakia 3-1. In 1948, the stadium hosted the matches of the South American Championship of Champions, the competition that inspired the creation of the UEFA Champions League[2] and of the Copa Libertadores.[3] The stadium was notoriously used as a prison camp and torture facility by the military regime following the 1973 Chilean coup d'état.

In 2009, a complete modernization plan was unveiled for the stadium and surrounding facilities. President Michelle Bachelet said it would become the most modern stadium in South America.[4] The stadium will be the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics, and football venue for the 2014 South American Games and the 2023 Pan American Games.

History

The stadium was built on former farmland, donated in 1918 by farmer Jose Domingo Cañas. The first sporting event in the new stadium took place on 3 December 1938, with a friendly game between the Chilean club Colo-Colo and Brazilian club São Cristóvão. Colo-Colo won 6–3.

It has hosted all matches of the 1941, 1945 and 1955 South American Football Championships, and several matches of the 1991 and 2015 Copa América.

The stadium hosted the final stages of the 1959 World Basketball Championship. It was held outdoors because the intended venue, the Metropolitan Indoor Stadium, was not ready in time.

In the early 1960s, under the government of Jorge Alessandri, the stadium was expanded to host the 1962 FIFA World Cup. The main change was that the velodrome that surrounded the stadium was replaced by galleries, thereby increasing its original capacity to around 95,000.

The stadium hosted group stage games between Italy, West Germany, Switzerland and Chile, including a notoriously ill-tempered and violent clash between Italy and Chile which became known as the Battle of Santiago. Also held at the ground were a quarter-final, a semi-final, the third place play-off, and the final, in which Brazil was crowned world champions for the second time. In the third-place play-off, Chile defeated Yugoslavia 1–0, marking the team's greatest success in international football.

Today, the ground serves as the home field for both the national team and the first-division club Universidad de Chile. It also hosts non-sporting events, such as political celebrations, charity events and concerts.

The stadium has been used since 1995 as the final leg of the Telethon with Don Francisco, a 28-hour telecast. The stadium holds up to 100,000 people for this annual event with the Jumbotron showing the required amount to reach the goal and its current donation. Exceptions were in 2014 and 2020; the first one was canceled due to bad weather conditions and the second due to the protection after the social outbreak.

On July 5, 2008, the stadium was officially renamed Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos, in honor of a recently deceased sports journalist.[5]

Use as a detention center

Estadio Nacional de Chile after the 1973 Chilean coup d'état

After the coup d'état of September 11, 1973, that ousted President Salvador Allende, the stadium began to be used as a detention facility. An article in the Harvard Review of Latin America reported that "there were over 80 detention centers in Santiago alone" and gave details of the National Stadium and others.[6]

Over 40,000 people spent time in the compound during the junta regime. Twelve thousand detainees were interned between September 11 and November 7.[7] The field and gallery were used to hold men, while women were held in the swimming pool changing rooms and associated buildings. Locker rooms and corridors were all used as prison facilities while interrogations were carried out in the velodrome.[8] The Red Cross estimated that 7,000 prisoners occupied the stadium at one point, of whom about 300 were foreigners. According to the testimonies of survivors collected by the humanitarian group, detainees were tortured and threatened with death by shooting. Some were shot on the premises or taken to unknown locations for execution.

FIFA President Sir Stanley Rous insisted the USSR team play a World Cup qualifier at the time. They however refused to do so and Chile qualified automatically for the 1974 World Cup, where they failed to advance from a group containing both West and East Germany and Australia.

The use of the stadium during the coup d'état is depicted in the 2002 documentary film Estadio Nacional, directed and produced by Carmen Luz Parot, and in the 2007 Swedish film The Black Pimpernel, which is based on the story of Swedish ambassador in Chile Harald Edelstam and his heroic actions to protect the lives of over 1,200 people during and after the military coup. The Black Pimpernel was shot on location in Santiago. The 1982 film Missing by Greek filmmaker Costa-Gavras depicts the September 11, 1973 coup d'état and execution of American journalists Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi at the Estadio Nacional.

In 2011, Chile set aside a section of the stadium, a section of old wooden bleachers called "Escotilla 8", to honor the prisoners who were detained there.[9]

2009–2010 renovation

Marcelo Salas farewell match, June 2, 2009

On June 15, 2009, President Michelle Bachelet announced several infrastructure improvements in order to modernize the stadium and its immediate facilities. Out of the total 24 billion pesos (US$42.3 million) contemplated in the plan, 20 billion pesos (US$35.3 million) are destined to bring the stadium up to modern standards. The changes include, a roof covering all the seats, which will also provide illumination; installation of seats around the entire stadium, lowering the current capacity to 47,000; a new state-of-the-art scoreboard; a 2.5 m deep 2 m wide pit will separate the track and the spectators to replace the fence; and several other changes. Because the stadium is a national monument the façade will remain the same, with the roof structure placed on top, without modifying the exterior. The stadium was closed on August 15, 2009. The stadium was scheduled to be reinaugurated in March 2010 to stage a double friendly match between Chile and North Korea and Panama, but the works were not finished on time. The construction of the roof has since been postponed by the government of President Sebastián Piñera due to financial constraints brought about by the February 27, 2010 earthquake. Although the stadium suffered minor damage from the earthquake, it partially opened to host the match between C.F. Universidad de Chile and C.D. Guadalajara for Copa Libertadores 2010. It was officially re-inaugurated on September 12, 2010, during Chile's bicentennial festivities.

2014 South American Games renovation

On September 12, 2010, during the Chilean bicentennial festivities, President Sebastián Piñera announced that the capacity of the stadium will be increased so as to reach 70,000 seats for the 2014 South American Games that will take place in Santiago.[10] The works are expected to begin in 2012.[11]

On June 3, 2011 further renovation plans were announced by the government. The complete area surrounding the stadium will be turned into a park to be called "Citizenry Park" (Parque de la Ciudadanía). Over 70% of the new 64-hectare park will consist of green areas, and the rest will include new infrastructure such as a lagoon or restaurants. The new park is expected to be ready for the 2014 games. New sporting venues will be built for the 2014 games, such as two modern gymnasiums, a new heated pool for synchronized swimming, a renovated velodrome and an expanded CAR, which will also serve as residence of the future Ministry of Sports. The only venues that will remain are the stadium, the main tennis court, the velodrome, the CAR, the athletics track, the skating track, the hockey field and the caracolas.[12]

Attendances

The highest attendance for a match at Estadio Nacional to date is 85,268, for a Primera Division match played on December 29, 1962; Universidad de Chile defeated Universidad Catolica 4–1. In the 2016–17 season, Universidad de Chile drew an average home league attendance of 30,041 for the Apertura and 33,466 for the Clausura.[13]

Concerts

The stadium hosts many international, and two national (Los Prisioneros), concerts during the year. Rod Stewart was the first international artist to perform at the stadium. The concert brought more than 200,000 fans to the venue and was broadcast throughout the country. After that, the city started being included in many tours from international artists.

The Following is a list of concerts, showing date, artist or band, tour, opening acts and attendance.

The view of the stadium during Madonna's concert in 2008
Band/artistTourYearDateAttendance
Rod StewartOut of Order Tour19897 March20,201
Cyndi LauperA Night to Remember World Tour198910 November45,394
Bon JoviNew Jersey Syndicate Tour19906 February33,186
Silvio RodríguezRetorno a la Democracia199031 March80,000
David Bowie
(Mick Taylor)
Sound+Vision Tour199027 SeptemberN/A
Eric ClaptonJourneyman World Tour199029 September50,000
Guns N’ Roses
(Diva)
Use Your Illusion Tour19922 December85,535
Metallica
(SpitFire)
Nowhere Else To Roam Tour[a]19934 MayN/A
Michael Jackson
(Kris Kross, Rozalla, TLC)
Dangerous World Tour199323 October78,500
Paul McCartney
(Eduardo Gatti)
The New World Tour199316 December45,000
Depeche Mode
(Primal Scream)
Exotic Tour[a]199410 April25,000
The Rolling Stones
(Ratones Paranoicos, Los Barracos)
Voodoo Lounge Tour199519 February53,600
Elton JohnMade in England Tour19957 November40,000
AC/DC
(Malón)
Ballbreaker World Tour[c]199622 OctoberN/A
Luis MiguelNada Es Igual Tour199630 November45,200
Soda StereoEl Último Concierto199713 SeptemberN/A
David Bowie
(Bush, Molotov)
Earthling Tour[b]19975 NovemberN/A
U2
(Santa Locura)
PopMart Tour199811 February67,633
Luis MiguelAmarte Es Un Placer Tour199920 November60,000[14]
Eric Clapton
(Miguel Vilanova)
Reptile World Tour20014 October50,000
Los PrisionerosEstadio Nacional200130 November
1 December
145,000
Roger WatersIn the Flesh Tour20022 MarchN/A
Luis MiguelMis Romances Tour200216 November45,155
Shakira
(Jimmy Fernández)
Tour of the Mongoose20038 MarchN/A
La LeyGira Libertad20038 November28,000
Lenny KravitzElectric Church Tour: One Night Only20059 MarchN/A
Luis MiguelMéxico En La Piel Tour200515 November45,680
U2
(Franz Ferdinand)
Vertigo Tour200626 February77,345
Robbie WilliamsClose Encounters Tour200610 OctoberN/A
ShakiraOral Fixation Tour200622 NovemberN/A
Roger WatersThe Dark Side of the Moon Live200714 MarchN/A
High School Musical CastHigh School Musical: The Concert[c]200718 May16,570
Soda StereoMe Verás Volver200724 October
31 October
140,000
The Police
(Beck)
The Police Reunion Tour20075 December48,725
Kylie MinogueKylieX2008[c]200813 NovemberN/A
Madonna
(Paul Oakenfold)
Sticky & Sweet Tour200810 December
11 December
146,242
Bon Jovi
(Lucybell)
The Circle Tour20101 October46,983
RushTime Machine Tour201017 October36,840
Shakira
(Ziggy Marley, Vicentico, Train, Francisca Valenzuela)
The Sun Comes Out World Tour201111 March40,000
U2
(Muse)
U2 360° Tour201125 March82,596
Iron Maiden
(Exodus)
The Final Frontier World Tour201110 April55,780
Miley CyrusGypsy Heart Tour20114 May42,805
Paul McCartneyUp and Coming Tour201111 May52,000
Justin Bieber
(Cobra Starship)
My World Tour201115 October41,457
Britney Spears
(Howie Dorough)
Femme Fatale Tour201122 November35,000
Roger WatersThe Wall Live20122 March
3 March
93,926
Lady Gaga
(The Darkness, Lady Starlight)
The Born This Way Ball Tour201220 November42,416
Madonna
(Laidback Luke)
The MDNA Tour201219 December47,625
The Cure
(Amöniäco, Prehistöricos)
LatAm2013 Tour201314 April50,000
Iron Maiden
(Slayer, Ghost)
Maiden England World Tour20132 October57,217
Justin Bieber
(Carly Rae Jepsen, Owl City)
Believe Tour201312 November47,969
One Direction
(Abraham Mateo)
Where We Are Tour201430 April
1 May
87,324
Foo Fighters
(Kaiser Chiefs)
Sonic Highways World Tour[c]201515 January20,939
Rihanna
(Big Sean)
Latin America Tour201529 September50,200
Katy Perry
(Tinashe)
The Prismatic World Tour[c]20156 October23,438
Pearl Jam2015 Latin America Tour20154 November60,000
David GilmourRattle That Lock Tour201520 December46,509
The Rolling Stones
(Los Tres)
América Latina Olé Tour 201620163 February62,412
Iron Maiden
(Anthrax, The Raven Age)
The Book of Souls World Tour201611 March54,911
Coldplay
(María Colores, Lianne La Havas)
A Head Full of Dreams Tour20163 April60,787
Guns N’ Roses
(Wild Parade)
Not in This Lifetime... Tour201629 October62,375
Black Sabbath
(Rival Sons)
The End Tour201619 November60,121
Various ArtistsCumbre del Rock Chileno20177 JanuaryN/A
Justin BieberPurpose World Tour201723 March43,000
U2
(Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds)
The Joshua Tree Tour 2017201714 October58,422
Bruno Mars
(DNCE)
24K Magic World Tour201728 November60,648
Plácido Domingo
(Mon Laferte)
Chile en mi Corazón201814 January43,000
Katy Perry
(Schuster)
Witness: The Tour[c]20188 March20,000
Phil Collins
(The Pretenders)
Not Dead Yet Tour201815 March50.000
Depeche Mode
(Matías Aguayo & The Desdemonas)
Global Spirit Tour201821 March60.000
Radiohead
(Flying Lotus, Junun, Föllakzoid)
SUE Festival201811 April50.000
Monsta XThe Connect World Tour[d]201810 AugustN/A
Ricardo ArjonaCirco Soledad[c]201828 September50,000
Shakira
(Francisca Valenzuela)
El Dorado World Tour201830 October50,000
Roger WatersUs + Them Tour201814 November52,624
Boa, Super Junior, Shinee (Key, Tae-min), Girls' Generation (Yu-ri, Hyo-yeon) F(x) (Amber

Liu), Red Velvet, NCT (NCT 127, NCT Dream), EXO[15]

SM Town201918 January
19 January[16]
+40,000[17]
Paul McCartneyFreshen Up Tour201920 March49,900
Muse
(Kaiser Chiefs)
Simulation Theory World Tour[c]201913 October20.000
Iron Maiden
(The Raven Age)
Legacy of the Beast World Tour201915 October55.000
Metallica
(Greta Van Fleet, Yajaira)
WorldWired Tour20207 December

Notes

  • ^[a] – This show took place on the adjacent Velódromo Nacional.
  • ^[b] – This show took place on the adjacent Court Central.
  • ^[c] – This show took place on the adjacent Pista Atlética.
  • ^[d] – This show took place on the adjacent Recinto Polideportivo.
  • The show of Silvio Rodríguez in 1990 was recorded, and released on a double CD, as Silvio Rodríguez en Chile.
  • The Michael Jackson concert on 23 October 1993, a stop of his Dangerous World Tour, received an attendance of 80,000 people. He was also set to perform on October 21 but the show was cancelled due to health problems.
  • Both shows of Los Prisioneros in 2001 were released on cassette and CD as Estadio Nacional, on VHS and DVD as Lo Estamos Pasando Muy Bien.
  • During The Final Frontier World Tour, Iron Maiden performed to an audience of over 60,000 at the stadium on 10 April 2011.[18] The show was recorded and released on CD, LP, DVD and Blu-ray as En Vivo! in March 2012.[19]

Capacity

The stadium was built with an original capacity of 48,000 spectators in 1937. At the time, some considered it a "white elephant" because it was thought that it could never be filled. The term also alluded to the charges of corruption against the administration of Arturo Alessandri, which oversaw the stadium's costly construction.[20]

For the 1962 FIFA World Cup, seating capacity was increased to 74,000 with overflow areas allowing for a total of more than 80,000 people, by eliminating the cycling track that was moved to another location. Over the years, seating capacity was reduced to keep escape routes clear and prevent accidents.

For the 2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics, the installation of individual seats was required, which reduced capacity to 66,000 spectators. This requirement ensured that the stadium could not exceed capacity, as seen with the visit of Pope John Paul II in 1987 (believed to be attended by more than 90,000 people, though no accurate measurement could be taken as attendance was free, with no control), or the closing of the Telethon. The official capacity of the stadium as of 2014 is 48,665.[21]

References

  1. "Copa América 2015". conmebol.com.
  2. Globo Esporte TV Programme, Brazil, May 10, 2015: Especial: Liga dos Campeões completa 60 anos, e Neymar ajuda a contar essa história. Accessed on December 6th 2015. In this interview to the Brazilian sports TV programme Globo Esporte, Jacques Ferran (the creator of the European Champions Cup) states that the South American Championship of Champions was his inspiration for the creation of the European continental competition. Ferran's speech goes from 5:02 to 6:51 in the video. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  3. "Copa Libertadores. Historia". www.conmebol.com. CONMEBOL.
  4. "Estadio Nacional costará US$ 42 millones y la "Roja" se va al Monumental". La Tercera (in Spanish). 2009-06-16. Archived from the original on 2009-06-11. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
  5. "Publicada Ley que denomina Julio Martínez al Estadio Nacional de Santiago – Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile" (in Spanish). Bcn.cl. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  6. "Harvard Review of Latin America: Chile's National Stadium, with details on several detention centers". Drclas.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  7. "Chile Audio Visual". Consejodelacultura.cl. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  8. Carmen Luz Parot, 2002, Estadio Nacional. Documental (National Stadium Documentary). Produced by Sello Alerce, Chile, 2002.
  9. "The Soccer Match That Should Have Never Been Played". medium.com. Retrieved 2017-11-29.
  10. "La Tercera Edición Impresa". Diario.latercera.com. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  11. "La Tercera Edición Impresa". Diario.latercera.com. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  12. "Parque del Estadio Nacional tendrá una laguna, restaurantes y cafés | Santiago | La Tercera Edición Impresa". Diario.latercera.com. 1990-01-01. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
  13. "Primera División 2016/2017 Clausura – Attendance". worldfootball.net.
  14. "Luismi suena fuerte". La Nación. 30 November 1999. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  15. "SM Town Live en Chile: Viernes 18 de enero, Estadio Nacional | AgendaMusical". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  16. "SM Town Live: los singulares hitos que trae el megafestival de K-pop en Santiago | Culto". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  17. García, Checho (January 21, 2019). "¡Así fue el primer SM Town Live en Chile!". AR 13. Archived from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  18. "Iron Maiden En Chile, 60.000 aficionados disfrutaron del espectáculo". Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  19. "Iron Maiden To Release 'En Vivo!' Concert Blu-Ray, Two-DVD Set And Double Soundtrack Album". Archived from the original on 2012-09-09. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  20. Brenda Elsey, Citizens and Sportsmen: Futbol and Politics in Twentieth Century Chile (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011)
  21. "Estadio Nacional de Chile". The Stadium Guide. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
Preceded by
Estadio Nacional
Lima
South American Championship
Finals Venue

1941
Succeeded by
Centenario Stadium
Montevideo
Preceded by
Ginásio do Maracanãzinho
Rio de Janeiro
FIBA World Cup
Final Venue

1959
Succeeded by
Ginásio do Maracanãzinho
Rio de Janeiro
Preceded by
Råsunda Stadium
Stockholm
FIFA World Cup
Final Venue

1962
Succeeded by
Wembley Stadium
London
Preceded by
Estádio do Maracanã
Rio de Janeiro
Copa América
Final Round Matches

1991
Succeeded by
Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo
Guayaquil
Preceded by
Kungliga Tennishallen
Stockholm
Davis Cup
Final Venue

1976
Succeeded by
White City Stadium
Sydney
Preceded by
El Monumental
Buenos Aires
Copa América
Final Venue

2015
Succeeded by
MetLife Stadium
East Rutherford
Preceded by
Two-legged Final
Copa Libertadores
Final Venue

2019
Succeeded by
TBD
TBD
Preceded by
Estadio Nacional de Lima
Lima
Pan American Games
Opening and Closing Ceremonies

2023
Succeeded by
TBD
TBD

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