German submarine U-293

German submarine U-293 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 17 November 1942 by the Bremer Vulkan Werft (yard) at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 58, launched on 30 July 1943, and commissioned on 8 September with Kapitänleutnant Leonhard Klingspor in command. In six patrols, she damaged one warship. She surrendered at Loch Eriboll in Scotland in May 1945 and was sunk as part of Operation Deadlight in December 1945.

History
Nazi Germany
Name: U-293
Ordered: 14 October 1941
Builder: Bremer Vulkan Werft, Bremen-Vegesack
Yard number: 58
Laid down: 17 November 1942
Launched: 30 July 1943
Commissioned: 8 September 1943
Fate: Surrendered, May 1945; sunk as part of Operation Deadlight, December 1945
General characteristics
Class and type: Type VIIC/41 submarine
Displacement:
  • 759 tonnes (747 long tons) surfaced
  • 860 t (846 long tons) submerged
Length:
Beam:
  • 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a
  • 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height: 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught: 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power:
  • 2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels)
  • 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion:
Speed:
  • 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced
  • 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range:
  • 8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth:
  • 250 m (820 ft)
  • Crush depth: 275–325 m (902–1,066 ft)
Complement: 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament:
Service record[1]
Part of:
Commanders:
  • Kptlt. Leonhard Klingspor
  • 8 August 1943 – 11 May 1945
  • Oblt.z.S. Erich Steinbrink
  • December 1944 – March 1945
Operations:
  • Six patrols:
  • 16–22 September 1944
  • 25 September – 4 October 1944
  • 14 October – 6 November 1944
  • 21 November – 19 December 1944
  • 1 January – 15 February 1945
  • 1 April – 11 May 1945
Victories: One warship damaged

Design
A cross-section of a Type VIIC submarine

German Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-293 had a displacement of 759 tonnes (747 long tons) when at the surface and 860 tonnes (850 long tons) while submerged.[2] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-293 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[2]

Service history

U-293 was ordered by Kriegsmarine on 14 October 1941. She was laid down just over one year later at Bremer Vulkan, Bremen-Vegesack on 17 November 1942. U-293 was launched from Bremen-Vegesack on 30 July 1943. She was formally commissioned later that year on 8 September 1943. Like all Type VIIC/41 U-boats, U-293 carried five 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes (4 located in the bow, 1 in the stern) and had one C35 88mm/L45 deck gun with 220 rounds of ammunition. She could also carry 14 G7e torpedoes or 26 TMA mines and could hold a crew of 44-52 men.[1]

First Patrol

After her training with the 8th U-boat flotilla, U-293 traveled through German controlled waters for several months, eventually being stationed in Trondheim, after stops at bases such as Arendal, Bergen, and Stavanger.[3] After over a year since being formally commissioned into Kriegsmarine, U-293 began her first wartime patrol under the command of Oblt. Leonhard Klingspor on 16 September 1944. For seven days, U-293 traveled through the Norwegian Sea until arriving at the port of Narvik on 22 September 1944. During this time, U-293 sighted no enemy vessels.[4]

Second, Third, and Fourth Patrols

Again under the command of Klingspor, U-293 departed from Narvik on 25 September 1944 and ventured out into the Arctic Ocean. During this 10-day patrol, U-293 again failed to encounter any enemy vessels of any type. On 4 October 1944, U-293 ended her second war patrol by arriving at the port city of Hammerfest, one of the most extreme northern German U-boat bases in Norway.[5]

U-293's third patrol proved to be the longest one that the U-boat had undertaken up to that point. On 14 October 1944, after spending four days in port, the U-boat left Hammerfest and traveled into the Barents Sea off the north coast of Russia. During the 24-day period, the U-boat once again failed to make contact with any enemy vessels and once again returned to Narvik on 6 November 1944.[6]

U-293's fourth patrol was much like her third. During 29 days at sea, the U-boat traveled to the northern coast of Russia, failed encounter any ships, and once again returned to Narvik on 19 December 1944, having left on 21 November 1944. After this patrol, the U-boat was put under the command of Oblt. Erich Steinbrink.[7]

Fifth Patrol

With Steinbrink in command, U-293 departed Narvik on 1 January 1945. In what was to be the longest patrol conducted in U-293's history, the U-boat once again traveled into the Arctic off of the northern coast of Russia.[8] It was here on 20 January 1945 that U-293 scored her first and only hit of the war. At 10:55 AM local time, the Soviet Destroyer Razyaryonny was escorting the convoy "KP-1" and was attempting to hunt down the U-boat along with another ship, Razumny, when she was hit by a torpedo launched from U-293. Razyaryonny was traveling at 16 knots when she was hit in the afterpart. Part of Razyaryonny's stern was lost in the explosion. Despite the attack, her crew managed to save the ship and was later towed by the Soviet minesweeper T-117 to the port of Liinahamari on 21 January 1945.[9] After this attack, U-293 returned to Narvik on 15 February 1945, after spending 46 days at sea.[8]

Summary of raiding history
Date Ship Name Nationality Displacement Fate[10]
20 January 1945 Razyaryonny  Soviet Navy 1,658 Damaged

See also

References
  1. Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC/41 boat U-293". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  2. Gröner 1991, pp. 43-46.
  3. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrols by U-293". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  4. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-293 (First Patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  5. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-293 (Second Patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  6. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-293 (Third Patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  7. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-293 (Fourth Patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  8. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-293 (Fifth Patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  9. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Razjarennyj (Soviet Destroyer)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  10. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-293". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 December 2014.

Bibliography
  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
  • Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VII/C41 boat U-293". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  • Hofmann, Markus. "U 293". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 December 2014.

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