Girilambone, New South Wales

Girilambone is a small village in western New South Wales, Australia. It is located north of Nyngan and 666 km north-west of Sydney, on the traditional land of the Wangaibon people. It took its name from an Aboriginal word meaning 'place of many stars'.[2]

Girilambone New South Wales
Girilambone
Coordinates	31°15′S 146°54′E
Population	107 (2016 census)[1]
Location	70 km (43 mi) N of Nyngan
LGA(s)	Bogan Shire
Region	Orana (New South Wales)
State electorate(s)	Barwon
Federal Division(s)	Parkes

The railway station, opened in 1884 and closed in 1986. The spelling of the station's name was altered to its current form from 'Giralambone' in 1889. The disused station buildings survive in poor condition.[3] The nearby copper mines pre-date the railway station and therefore copper mining is the prime reason for the existence of the settlement.[4]

In early 1880, mining commenced on a small scale at the Girilambone Copper Mine—3 km west of Girilambone[5]—and in 1881 a reverberatory smelter was built.[6] Giriambone was initially founded as a privately owned mining town.[7] In late 1880, a 100-acre block, east of the copper mine and adjacent to the planned railway line, was surveyed and the plan of a private subdivision of it was made. This land is on the western side of the railway line, and two of its streets are the modern-day Sydney Road—then 'Great Northern Road'—and Railway Road. Girilambone originally developed on this land, which was also the site of the first school,[7] which opened in 1882.[8][9] Other streets of the private town were, Girilambone, Louisa, Oxide, Carbonate, Malachite and Suphate Streets, Australia Parade, and the incongruously named Rue d'Enfer.[10]

When the Main Western railway line reached Giriambone in 1884, a government village was surveyed on the eastern side of the new railway line and the railway station was built on that eastern side. For some decades, there were two Girilambone settlements; the original privately-owned mining town —thereafter called Girilambone Mine—and the newer government village of Girilambone vied with each other for dominance. The focus of the settlement gradually shifted to the government village; some businesses migrated to the newer village and others to Nyngan.[7] The town allotments of the older Girilambone, west of the railway line, are still visible on Google Maps[11] but virtually nothing remains of the first Girilambone. This is probably the reason that the Mitchell Highway (Sydney Road) bypasses the village centre; it passes instead along one side of the site of the older private town.

At the 1891 census, Girilambone had a population of 161 in 34 'habitations'. In 1897, a new public school was opened in the government village[12]—the older school became known as Girilambone Mine Public School, until it closed in 1904[9]—and in 1894 a new post office opened—the older post office (opened in 1881) became known as Girilambone Mine, until it closed in 1919—in the government village. In 1899, a new police station and lock-up was opened.[7][8][13]

In 1895, the Girilambone Copper Mine—a victim of low copper prices—was sold, as one lot, at auction, by its creditor, the Australian Joint Stock Bank. In 1896, the Girilambone Copper Mining Co. was formed and the main period of copper production began; it lasted until 1901. During this period, the price of copper had increased. On 11 January 1901, buildings at the mine and in the village were extensively damaged—some totally destroyed—by violent winds, described as a 'hurricane.' Then, from April 1901 onward, the copper price declined, reaching a level, by the end of 1901, at which mining became uneconomic. In 1902, the Girilambone Copper Mining Co.was wound up by its liquidator and its assets transferred into a new company Girilambone Mining Co. (No Liability). Mining restarted and continued until around 1910[14][15][16][17][6][18] There were other mines between Girilambone and Hermidale, some relatively close to Girilambone.[19]

In 1915, Girilambone's population was estimated at around 400[20] but, by 1931, was 317.[21] At the 1933 census, the village's population was 156 with 136 others in the surrounding area.[7]

The police station closed in 1975,[7] and the railway station in 1986.[3] In 2019, the N.S.W. government announced funding to repair the derelict railway station building and to repurpose it.[22] The village has two cemeteries, one established 1901 on Arcturus Street[23] and an older one on Sydney Road (Mitchell Highway).[23]

The old Girilambone Copper Mine deposit was the upper (oxide ore) levels of a larger deposit, now known as the Murrawombie deposit. This deposit was mined again, by open pit methods, from 1993 to 2002. In 2008, a new underground mine to mine the deeper, sulphide ores was opened but mining was soon suspended due to economic conditions; mining operations restarted in late 2015.[5] Although mining has resumed, that has had little direct benefit to Girilambone.

At the 2016 census, the population of the village and its surrounding area was only 107.