Golden Delicious

'Golden Delicious' is a yellow apple, one of the 15 most popular cultivars in the United States.[1] It is not closely related to 'Red Delicious'.[2]

For the Portland, Oregon band, see Golden Delicious (band). For the album by Mike Doughty, see Golden Delicious (album).
'Golden Delicious'
SpeciesMalus domestica
Hybrid parentageChance seedling
Cultivar'Golden Delicious'
OriginClay County, West Virginia, United States, 1905

History

This cultivar is a chance seedling, possibly a hybrid of 'Grimes Golden'[3][4] and 'Golden Reinette'.[5] The original tree was found on the Mullins' family farm in Clay County, West Virginia, United States, and was locally known as Mullin's Yellow Seedling and Annit apple. Anderson Mullins sold the tree and propagation rights to Stark Brothers Nurseries for $5000, which first marketed it as a companion of their Red Delicious in 1914.[6]

In 2010, an Italian-led consortium announced they had decoded the complete genome of the 'Golden Delicious' apple.[7] It had the highest number of genes (57,000) of any plant genome studied to date.

'Golden Delicious' was designated the official state fruit of West Virginia by a Senate resolution on February 20, 1995.[8] Clay County has hosted an annual Golden Delicious Festival since 1972.

Other West Virginia apples include Grimes Golden, and Guyandotte, which is believed extinct.

'Golden Delicious' was one of four apples honored by the United States Postal Service in a 2013 set of four 33¢ stamps commemorating historic strains, joined by 'Northern Spy', 'Baldwin', and 'Granny Smith'.[9]

Appearance and flavor
Color is uniform yellow, with an occasional red blush

'Golden Delicious' is a large, yellowish-green skinned cultivar and very sweet to the taste. It is prone to bruising and shriveling, so it needs careful handling and storage. It is a favorite for salads, apple sauce, and apple butter.

Season
Speckles on the skin are normal
Seed
Golden Delicious clon B - ripening on a tree

'Golden Delicious' are harvested from fall through winter.

Descendant cultivars
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
  • 'Akita Gold' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Fuji')[10]
  • 'Ambrosia' (believed to be 'Starking Delicious' × 'Golden Delicious')[11]
  • 'Arlet' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Idared')
  • Autumn Glory ('Golden Delicious' x 'Fuji')[12]
  • 'Bohemia' ('Lord Lambourne' × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Candel' '(Jonathan' × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Cameo' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Red Delicious')
  • 'Caudle' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Red Delicious')
  • 'Champion' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Cox Orange')
  • 'Chantecler' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Reinette Clochard')
  • 'Cripps Pink' (marketed as Pink Lady; 'Golden Delicious' × 'Lady Williams')[13]
  • 'Delbarestivale' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Stark Jonagrimes')
  • 'Elstar' ('Ingrid Marie' × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Firm Gold '(Starkspur 'Golden Delicious', U.S. PP 2024 × Starkrimson 'Red Delicious', U.S. PP 1565) [14]
  • 'Gala' ('Kidds Orange' × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Ginger Gold' ('Albemarle Pippin' × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Goldspur' a 'Golden Delicious'-like cultivar from Holland which is spur bearing
  • 'Iduna' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Glockenapfel')
  • 'Jonagold' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Jonathan')
  • 'Lucky Rose Golden' A patented 'Golden Delicious' mutant [15]
  • 'Pinova' ('Clivia' × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Maigold' ('Fraurotacher' × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Mutsu (apple)' (Indo apple × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Opal (apple)' ('Topaz' × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Rubinette' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Cox Orange')
  • 'Sekai Ichi' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Red Delicious')
  • 'Spigold' ('Northern Spy' × 'Golden Delicious')
  • 'Sundowner' ('Golden Delicious' × 'Lady Williams')
  • 'Tentation delblush' ('Grifer' (Blushing Golden) × 'Golden Delicious')

References
  1. Apple varieties by US Apple Association
  2. Dominique A.M. Noiton and Peter A. Alspach (September 1996) "Founding Clones, Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Status Number of Modern Apple Cultivars", Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121:773-782 Archived 2014-06-09 at the Wayback Machine
  3. "Dunbar Man 'Discoverer' of Golden Delicious Apple". Charleston Daily Mail. October 18, 1962. Archived from the original on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-07-27. He is J. M. Mullins, now a man in his 87th year and living in Dunbar, though he spent his lifetime until recent years in Clay County.
  4. (West Virginia Div. of Culture and History)
  5. Mass, V. 1970. Golden Delicious. pp. 69-85. In North American apples: varieties, rootstocks, outlook. Michigan State Univ. Press, East Lansing.
  6. Higgins, Adrian (August 5, 2005). "Why the Red Delicious No Longer Is. Decades of Makeovers Alter Apple to Its Core". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-07-27. When Stark's successors, in a similar stunt, found and named the Golden Delicious growing in West Virginia in 1914, the Delicious became Red Delicious.
  7. An Italian-led international research consortium decodes the apple genome AlphaGallileo August 29, 2010, Retrieved August 29, 2010,
  8. Golden Delicious: State Fruit of West Virginia Archived 2008-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
  9. art by Derry Noyes & John Burgoyne (January 17, 2013), Postal Service Issues Apples Postcard Stamps; Release No. 13-004, retrieved 23 December 2015
  10. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/PP08354.html
  11. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/PP10789.html
  12. Brown, Susan K., and Kevin E. Maloney. "An Update on Apple Cultivars, Brands and Club-Marketing." Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, New York Fruit Quarterly 21.1 (2013): 3-4. NYSHS.org. Dept. of Horticulture at Cornell University and New York State Horticultural Society (NYSHS), 2013. Retrieved on 13 December 2020.
  13. Pink Lady v the British apple, BBC News, 21 October 2013
  14. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/PP04166.html
  15. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/PP09707.pdf
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