HMS Limbourne (L57)

HMS Limbourne (L57) was a Hunt-class escort destroyer, operated by the Royal Navy.[1][2] She was sunk in action, off German-occupied Guernsey, on 23 October 1943.

History
United Kingdom
Name: Limbourne
Ordered: 4 July 1940
Builder: Alexander Stephen and Sons, Glasgow
Laid down: 8 April 1941
Launched: 12 May 1942
Commissioned: 24 October 1942
Identification: Pennant number: L57
Fate: Sunk 23 October 1943
General characteristics
Class and type: Type III Hunt-class destroyer
Displacement:
  • 1,050 long tons (1,070 t) standard,
  • 1,490 long tons (1,510 t) full load
Length:
  • 264 ft 3 in (80.54 m) pp,
  • 280 ft (85.34 m) oa
Beam: 31 ft 6 in (9.60 m)
Draught: 7 ft 9 in (2.36 m)
Propulsion:
Speed: 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph)
Range: 3,700 nmi (6,900 km; 4,300 mi) at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Complement: 168
Armament:

Design

Limbourne was one of seven Type III Hunt-class destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy on 4 July 1940, as part of the 1940 War Emergency Programme.[3] The Hunt class was meant to fill the Royal Navy's need for a large number of small destroyer-type vessels capable of both convoy escort and operations with the fleet. The Type III Hunts differed from the previous Type II ships in replacing a twin 4-inch gun mount by two torpedo tubes to improve their ability to operate as destroyers.[4][5]

The Type III Hunts were 264 feet 3 inches (80.54 m) long between perpendiculars and 280 feet (85.34 m) overall, with a beam was 31 feet 6 inches (9.60 m) and draught 7 feet 9 inches (2.36 m). Displacement was 1,050 long tons (1,070 t) standard and 1,490 long tons (1,510 t) under full load. Two Admiralty boilers raising steam at 300 pounds per square inch (2,100 kPa) and 620 °F (327 °C) fed Parsons single-reduction geared steam turbines that drove two propeller shafts, generating 19,000 shaft horsepower (14,000 kW) at 380 rpm. This gave a design maximum speed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph).[6] 345 long tons (351 t) of oil fuel were carried, giving a range of 3,700 nautical miles (6,900 km; 4,300 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[7]

Main gun armament was four 4 inch (102 mm) QF Mk XVI dual purpose (anti-ship and anti-aircraft) guns in two twin mounts, with a quadruple 2-pounder "pom-pom" and three Oerlikon 20 mm cannon providing close-in anti-aircraft fire.[8][6] Two 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes were fitted in a single twin mount, while two depth charge chutes, four depth charge throwers and 70 depth charges comprised the ship's anti-submarine armament. Type 291 and Type 285 radars were fitted, as was Type 128 sonar.[8][9]

Construction and service

Limbourne was laid down at Alexander Stephen and Sons' shipyard at Linthouse, Glasgow on 8 April 1941. She was launched on 12 May 1942, and was completed on 24 October 1942.[3]

After commissioning, Limbourne spent November in sea trials and work up with the Home Fleet at Scapa Flow, interrupting work up to escort the battleship Howe out to Gibraltar and the aircraft carrier Victorious and battleship Duke of York back to the UK from the Mediterranean Sea following the Anglo-American landings in North Africa. After completing workup, she joined the 15th Destroyer Flotilla based at Devonport.[10][1]

In January and February 1943 Limbourne escorted convoys between the UK and Gibraltar, while in March, the ship was under repair at Portsmouth, with a propeller being replaced.[1][10] Following the completion of these repairs, Limbourne was deployed on escort and anti-submarine patrol duties in the Western Approaches and the Bay of Biscay, together with operations against German convoys in the English Channel.[1][10] On the night of 3/4 October 1943, Limbourne, together with Tanatside, Wensleydale and the destroyers Grenville and Ulster, was on patrol off the coast of Brittany when they encountered five German torpedo boats (T22, T23, T25, T26 and T27). In the resulting exchange of fire, Limbourne was hit by a German shell and sustained slight damage.[10][11][12]

Loss
Main article: Battle of Sept-Îles

On 23 October Limbourne was sailing with the light cruiser HMS Charybdis and five other destroyers, when they were engaged by a number of large German Type 39 torpedo boats.[1][2] Both ships were hit by torpedoes. T22 scored a hit on Limbourne exploding the forward magazine. 40 crewmembers of Limbourne were killed. Attempts were made to tow her back to port, for repairs.[13] The tow attempts had to be abandoned, and she was scuttled.

In 2011 the BBC News reported that "The incident was used as an illustration of what not to do by the Royal Navy tactical school."[14] They reported that the Royal Navy ships were sunk by a smaller but better trained German force.

Notes
  1. Mason, Geoffrey B. (13 August 2011). "HMS Limbourne (L 57) - Type III, Hunt-class Escort Destroyer including Convoy Escort Movements". Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  2. "HMS Charybdis and HMS Limbourne". The Royal Court of Guernsey. Retrieved 2019-08-11. HMS Charybdis and HMS Limbourne were sunk as a result of enemy action at sea on 23 October 1943 taking part in 'Operation Tunnel' off the north coast of Brittany near Les Sept Isles which lie south of the Channel islands.
  3. English 1987, p. 17
  4. English 1987, pp. 7, 12
  5. Lenton 1970, pp. 83, 85
  6. Lenton 1970, p. 97
  7. Whitley 2000, p. 147
  8. Gardiner & Chesneau 1980, p. 46
  9. English 1987, pp. 12–13
  10. English 1987, p. 78
  11. H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action 1952, p. 242
  12. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 239
  13. "HMS Charybdis and HMS Limbourne sinking remembered". BBC News. 2014-09-14. Retrieved 2019-08-11. An attempt to tow HMS Limbourne was unsuccessful and she was later sunk by torpedoes from HMS Talybont and gunfire from HMS Rocket.
  14. "HMS Limbourne survivor thanks Guernsey". BBC News. 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2019-08-11. The disaster struck on Operation Tunnel when, due to errors made ashore and afloat, the British task force was outmanoeuvred by a smaller but better trained enemy force.

References
  • Barnett, Corelli (2000). Engage The Enemy More Closely. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-141-39008-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • English, John (1987). The Hunts: A history of the design, development and careers of the 86 destroyers of this class built for the Royal and Allied Navies during World War II. World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-44-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Friedman, Norman (2008). British Destroyers and Frigates: The Second World War and After. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-015-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger, eds. (1980). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Kemp, Paul (1999). The Admiralty Regrets: British Warship Losses of the 20th Century. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-1567-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lenton, H.T. (1970). Navies of the Second World War: British Fleet & Escort Destroyers Volume Two. London: Macdonald & Co. ISBN 0-356-03122-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-117-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Roskill, S. W. (1960). The War at Sea 1939–1945: Volume III: The Offensive: Part I: 1st June 1943–31st May 1945. History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action: 3rd. SEPT. 1939 to 2nd. SEPT. 1945 (PDF). Admiralty. 1952.
  • Whitley, M. J. (2000). Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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