Hawkesbury, Ontario

Hawkesbury is a town in Eastern Ontario, Canada, on the Ottawa River, near the Quebec-Ontario border.

Hawkesbury
Town (lower-tier)
Town of Hawkesbury
Ville de Hawkesbury (French)
Skyline of Hawkesbury as seen from the Long-Sault Bridge.
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
"Vaillant et Veillant" (French)
"Valiant and Vigilant"
Hawkesbury
Coordinates: 45°36′N 74°36′W
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
CountyPrescott and Russell
Established1859
Government
 • TypeTown
 • MayorPaula Assaly
 • Governing BodyHawkesbury Town Council
 • MPFrancis Drouin (LP)
 • MPPAmanda Simard (OLP)
Area
 • Total9.62 km2 (3.71 sq mi)
Elevation
33 m (108 ft)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total10,263
 • Density1,067.3/km2 (2,764/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Postal code
K6A
Area code(s)613
Websitewww.hawkesbury.ca/index.php/fr

It lies on the south shore of the Ottawa River about halfway between Downtown Ottawa and Downtown Montreal in United Counties of Prescott and Russell. The Long-Sault Bridge (replacing the Perley Bridge) links it to Grenville, Quebec, to the north. This bridge, crossing Chenail Island, is the only interprovincial bridge between Ontario and Quebec east of Ottawa. It is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Lachute, Quebec.

Hawkesbury is touted as the third most bilingual town in Ontario, with about 70% of its inhabitants being fluent in English and French, the two official languages of Canada. (Sturgeon Falls is first with 73.4% followed by Hearst at 71%.) 89% of the population is made up of French speaking Franco-Ontarians.

History

Founded in 1798, Hawkesbury was named after Charles Jenkinson, Baron Hawkesbury.[3]

Thomas Mears and David Pattee, two Americans, entered into a partnership in 1805 to harness the power of the lower Ottawa River and built the first sawmill on the Upper Canada side of the river. The town of Hawkesbury developed around this mill.[4] Mears also built the Union, the Ottawa River's first steamer. Demand for timber during the Napoleonic Wars created a boom. The mill complex continued to grow for at least the next half century, and by 1870 it included 145 different saws and created over 35 million board feet of lumber per year.[5]

  • Hamilton Sawmill, Hawkesbury, around 1859.
  • Workers holding measuring sticks at the Hawkesbury Mills, around 1895.

Timber and pulp-and-paper industries have been supplanted by textiles, synthetic fibres, metal extrusions, steel, glass and plastics. Hawkesbury has also become the business and service centre of the county of Prescott-Russell, although recently Rockland has become the largest community.[6] The Grenville Canal on the Quebec side of the Ottawa River opposite Hawkesbury was an important link in the river's transportation system.

Part of Hawkesbury was submerged by the Carillon Hydro-Québec dam built between 1950 and 1962, which called for the demolition of over 300 houses in and around Hawkesbury.[7] New developments today are happening due to baby boomers from Ottawa, Montreal and area purchasing some of the many new condos in town.

Demographics
Historical populations
YearPop.±%
1841250—    
18711,671+568.4%
18811,920+14.9%
18912,042+6.4%
19014,150+103.2%
19114,400+6.0%
19215,544+26.0%
19315,177−6.6%
19416,249+20.7%
19517,194+15.1%
19618,661+20.4%
19719,276+7.1%
19819,877+6.5%
19919,706−1.7%
200110,314+6.3%
200610,869+5.4%
201110,551−2.9%
201610,263−2.7%
[1][2]
Canada census – Hawkesbury, Ontario community profile
2016 2011 2006
Population: 10,263 (-2.7% from 2011) 10,551 (-2.9% from 2006) 10,869 (+5.3% from 2001)
Land area: 9.62 km2 (3.71 sq mi) 9.46 km2 (3.65 sq mi) 9.46 km2 (3.65 sq mi)
Population density: 1,067.3/km2 (2,764/sq mi) 1,115.6/km2 (2,889/sq mi) 1,149.3/km2 (2,977/sq mi)
Median age: 52.5 (M: 50.8, F: 53.9) 49.2 (M: 47.6, F: 50.9) 46.2 (M: 44.3, F: 48.1)
Total private dwellings: 5,231 5,256 4,974
Median household income: $42,001 $39,981 $34,893
References: 2016[8] 2011[9] 2006[10] earlier[11]

Languages

The 2006 census found that French was the mother tongue of 77% of the population, while English was the mother tongue of 16%. A very high percentage (2.7%) claim both French and English as their mother tongues. In 2006, this was the highest proportion in Canada.[12][13]

According to the 2011 census, the percentage of the population declaring solely French as a mother tongue grew to 78.6% while the proportion of the population declaring solely English as a mother tongue declined to 15.3%. The percentage claiming both French and English as their mother tongues declined below 2.00% by 2011. [14]

First official language spoken Population Percentage
French 8,280 78.6%
English 1,915 15.3%
Non-official languages 380 4%

Ethnocultural ancestries

In parallel to the responses to the census question about ethnocultural ancestries, which are shown below, 1.0% of the population also reported having an Aboriginal identity, while 3.1% reported having a visible minority status (including 2.0% who identified as South Asian).[15]

Single responses: 42.4% of respondents gave a single response of 'Canadian', while a further 25.3% identified with both 'Canadian', and one or more other ancestries. 13.4% of respondents gave a single response of French, 1.9% gave a single response of Irish, 1.9% gave a single response of English and 1.1% gave a single response of North American Indian.

Multiple responses: Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnocultural ancestries were:

Canadian 67.8%
French 38.7%
English 7.9%
Irish 6.7%
Scottish 4.8%
North American Indian 3.3%
German 1.7%
Italian 1.3%
Greek 1.0%

Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents and may total more than 100% due to dual responses.
All ethnocultural ancestries of more than 1% are listed in the table above according to the exact terminology used by Statistics Canada.[16]

Transportation
Main Street (Westerly direction)

Hawkesbury is located along Prescott and Russell County Road 17, a former routing of Highway 17 and the Trans-Canada Highway with connects with Highway 417 eastwards to Montreal. Hawkesbury also connects to Highway 417 westward to Ottawa through a 17 kilometres (11 mi) spur of Highway 34.

The Long-Sault Interprovincial Bridge between Hawkesbury, Ontario, and Grenville, Quebec, means that Hawkesbury is within minutes of Highway 50 and Route 148 in Quebec.

The town is served by two small airports:

Education

Hawkesbury hosts many establishments in the field of education, from elementary schools to colleges and an adult campus.

Elementary Schools:

  • Paul VI
  • Nouvel Horizon

Secondary Schools:

Post-secondary establishments:

Other educational-based establishments:

  • Adult Campus of Hawkesbury

Media

Hawkesbury and area are served primarily by local media, media from Montreal and by media from Ottawa. The town does, however, have two radio stations which broadcast at least partially from local studios in Hawkesbury.

Newspaper

Le Carillon is a French-language newspaper that covers Hawkesbury and the Prescott-Russell region and is published by the Edition André Paquette Group.

The Tribune Express is a bilingual French/English language newspaper that covers Hawkesbury and the Prescott-Russell region and is published by the Edition André Paquette Group.

The Review is an English-language weekly newspaper that covers the Glengarry-Prescott-Russell area, which includes Hawkesbury.

Radio

Television

Notable people

See also

References
  1. "Hawkesbury census profile". 2011 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  2. "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Hawkesbury". Statistics Canada. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
  3. "Hawkesbury". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  4. David Pattee, Dictionary of Canadian Biography online
  5. Roger, Charles (1871). Ottawa Past & Present. Ottawa: Times Printing & Publishing. p. 119.
  6. According to "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-12-26.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Rockland has a population of 12,637, while according to , Hawkesbury has a population of 10,314
  7. Lynch, Charles (1961). "Carillon power project going day and night". Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  8. "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 21, 2017. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
  9. "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. July 5, 2013. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  10. "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. March 30, 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  11. "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 17, 2012.
  12. "Hawkesbury, T (Ont)". Population by mother tongue and age groups, percentage distribution (2006), for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities) with 5,000-plus population. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  13. "Hawkesbury, T". Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  14. Census Profile Hawkesbury Population in 2011
  15. "Hawkesbury, Ontario (Town)". 2006 Community Profiles. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  16. "Hawkesbury, T". Ethnic Origin (247), Generation Status (4), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
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