Home video game console

A home video game console is a video game console that is designed to be connected to a display device, such as a television, and an external power source as to play video games. Home consoles are generally less powerful and customizable than personal computers, designed to have advanced graphics abilities but limited memory and storage space to keep the units affordable. While initial consoles were dedicated units with only a few games fixed into the electronic circuits of the system, most consoles since support the use of swappable game media, either through game cartridges, optical discs, or through digital distribution to internal storage.

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There have been numerous home video game consoles since the first commercial unit, the Magnavox Odyssey in 1972. Historically these consoles have been grouped into generations lasting each about five years based on common technical specifications. As of 2020, there have been eight console generations, with the current leading manufactures being Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo; past console manufacturers have included Atari, Fairchild, Intellivision Entertainment, Coleco, Sega, NEC, 3DO, and SNK.

Overview
Main article: Video game console

A home video game console is a predesigned piece of electronic hardware that is meant to be placed at a fixed location at one's home, connected to a display like a television screen or computer monitor, and to an external power source, to play video games on using one or more video game controllers. This differs from a handheld game console which will have a built-in screen, controller buttons/features, and a power supply like a battery or battery pack.

Earlier home consoles were typically built from a selection of standard and highly customized integrated computer chips, packaged onto circuit boards and cases. Over time, home console design has converged to a degree with personal computers, using similar component and system design, including standardization with main computer chip architecture. Consoles remain as fixed systems, lacking the customization options that personal computer components have, and most consoles include customized components to maximize space and reduce power consumption to provide the best performance for game playing, while lowering costs with reduced storage and memory configurations.[1]

Home video game consoles typically can play a multitude of games, offered either as game cartridges (or ROM cartridges), on optical media like CD-ROM or DVD, or obtained by digital distribution. Early consoles, also considered dedicated consoles, had games that were fixed in the electronic circuitry of the hardware. Some facets may be controlled by switching external controls on the console but the games could not be changed themselves.

Most home consoles require a separate game controller, and may support multiple controllers for multiplayer games. Some console games can only be played with special, unconventional game controllers, such as light guns for rail shooters and guitar controllers for music games. Some consoles also possess the ability to connect and interface with a particular handheld game system, which certain games can leverage to provide alternate control schemes, second screen gameplay elements, exclusive unlockable content or the ability to transfer certain game data.

History
Main article: History of video game consoles

The first commercial video game console was the Magnavox Odyssey, developed by Ralph H. Baer and first released commercially in 1972. It was shortly followed by the release of the home version of Pong by Atari Inc. in 1975 based on the arcade game. A number of clones of both systems rushed to fill the nascent home console market and the video game industry suffered a small recession in 1977 due to this.

The Fairchild Channel F, released in 1976, was the first console to use game cartridges, which was then used by the Atari VCS and several other consoles of the second generation and led to a second boom in the video game industry in the United States and around the globe. During this time, Atari Inc. had been sold to Warner Communications, and due to a change of leadership, several programmers left the company and founded Activision, becoming the first third-party developer. Activision's success led to a rush of new developers creating games without any publishing controls for these systems. The market became flooded with poor quality games, and combined with the rising popularity of the personal computer and the economic recession of the early 1980s, led to the video game crash of 1983 in the U.S. market. Nintendo, which had released its Famicom console in Japan that year, took several cautionary steps to limit game production to only licensed games, and was able to introduce the Famicom, rebranded as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1985 into the U.S. marker. The NES helped to revive the console market and gave Nintendo dominance during the late 1980s.

Sega took advantage of the newfound U.S. growth to market its Sega Genesis against the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in the early 1990s in the so-called "console wars" and emphasized the notion of "bits" as a major selling point for consumers. The consumer adoption of optical discs with larger storage capacity in the mid-1995 led many console manufactures to move away from cartridges to CD-ROMs and later to DVDs and other formats, with Sony's PlayStation line introducing even more features that gave it an advantage in the market; the PlayStation 2, released in 2000, remains the best-selling console to date with over 155 million units sold. Microsoft, fearing that the PlayStation 2 was threatening the competitive edge of the personal computer, entered the console space with its Xbox line in 2001. Internet connectivity had become commonplace by the mid-2000s, and nearly all home consoles supported digital distribution and online service offerings by the 2010s.

With Sony and Microsoft's dominance in hardware capabilities, most other major manufacturers have since dropped out of the hardware business, but maintain a presence in the game development and licensing space. Nintendo remains the only competitor having taken a blue ocean strategy by offering more original console concepts such as motion sensing in the Wii and the hybrid design of the Nintendo Switch.

Timeline overview
Further information: List of best-selling game consoles

Below is a timeline of each generation with the top three home video consoles of each generation based on worldwide sales. For a complete list of home video consoles released in each generation please see the respective article of each generation.

Table key
#
CurrentA current-generation console being manufactured and sold on the market.
†
First placeHome console with the highest sales of its generation.
‡
Second placeHome console with the second highest sales of its generation.
◁
Third placeHome console with the third highest sales of its generation.
Remaining placesManufacturer released a home console but it was not one of the top three best-selling home consoles of its generation.
No entryManufacturer did not release a home console.
Manufacturer Generation Ref(s)
First
(1972–1980)		 Second
(1976–1992)		 Third
(1983–2003)		 Fourth
(1987–2004)		 Fifth
(1993–2006)		 Sixth
(1998–2013)		 Seventh
(2005–2017)		 Eighth
(2012–present)
Atari Home Pong
(150,000)		 Atari 2600 †
(30 million)[note 1]		 Atari 7800 ◁
(1 million)[note 2]		 Atari Jaguar
(250,000)		 [note 3]
Coleco Telstar
(1 million)		 ColecoVision ◁
(2+ million)		 [note 4]
Nintendo Color TV-Game series
(1.5 million)		 NES †
(61.91 million)		 Super NES †
(49.1 million)		 Nintendo 64 ‡
(32.93 million)		 GameCube ◁
(21.74 million)		 Wii †
(101.63 million)		 Nintendo Switch ‡ #
(61.44 million)[note 5]		 [note 6]
Magnavox‍/
Philips		 Odyssey
(330,000)		 Odyssey²
(2 million)		 Videopac + G7400
(N/A)		 CD-i
(570,000)		 [note 7]
Mattel Intellivision ‡
(3 million)		 HyperScan
(N/A)		 [note 8]
Sega Master System ‡
(10–13 million)[note 9]		 Sega Genesis ‡
(33.75 million)		 Sega Saturn ◁
(9.26 million)		 Dreamcast
(9.13 million)		 [note 10]
NEC TurboGrafx-16 ◁
(10 million)		 PC-FX
(100,000)		 [note 11]
Sony PlayStation †
(102.49 million)		 PlayStation 2 †
(>155 million)		 PlayStation 3 ‡
(>87.4 million)		 PlayStation 4 † #
(108.9 million)		 [note 12]
Microsoft Xbox ‡
(>24 million)		 Xbox 360 ◁
(>84 million)		 Xbox One ◁ #
(est. 46.9 million)		 [note 13]

> Final sales are greater than the reported figure. See notes.

List of home video game consoles

There are approximately 1000 home video game consoles known to exist, the vast majority of which were released during the first generation: only 100 home video game consoles were released between the second and current generation, 10 were canceled . This list is divided into console generations which are named based on the dominant console type of the era, though not all consoles of those eras are of the same type. Some eras are referred to based on how many bits a major console could process. The "128-bit era" (sixth generation) was the final era in which this practice was widespread.

This list only counts the first iteration of each console's hardware, because several systems have had slim, enhanced or other hardware revisions, but they aren't individually listed here. The list also includes unreleased systems. If a series of home video game consoles begins in a generation and lasts to another generation, it is listed in the generation the series began. This list does not claim to be complete.

This list does not include other types of video game consoles such as handheld game consoles, which are usually of lower computational power than home consoles due to their smaller size, microconsoles, which are usually low-cost Android-based devices that rely on downloading, retro style consoles, or dedicated consoles past the first generation, which have games built in and do not use any form of physical media. Consoles have been redesigned from time to time to improve their market appeal. Redesigned models are not listed on their own.

   Background shading indicates the best-selling console of each respective generation.
   Background shading indicates canceled systems that either stopped being developed at any stage or were canceled.
  # Hash-tags indicate console series/platforms that have different hardware revisions.

First generation (1972–1984)
Main article: List of first generation home video game consoles
See also: First generation of video game consoles

There are more than 900 home video game consoles known to have been released in the first generation of video game consoles. They can be found in the list of first generation home video game consoles in which 902 of them are listed.

Most consoles of this generation were dedicated consoles with games built into the electronic circuitry of the hardware. Players could use switches on the console or similar external methods to "switch" games, but could not add new game functionality to the console.

Second generation (1976–1992)
See also: Second generation of video game consoles

There were a total of 21 home video game consoles released in the second generation, and 1 cancelled platform;

NameRelease dateManufacturerUnits sold
Fairchild Channel F # November 1976 Fairchild (U.S.) ca. 250,000
RCA Studio II January 1977 RCA (U.S.) ?
Bally Astrocade 1977 Midway (U.S.)
Atari 2600 # September 11, 1977 Atari Inc. (U.S.) ca. 30 million[4]
APF-MP1000 January 1, 1978 APF (U.S.) ?
Champion 2711 1978 Unisonic (U.S.)
Interton VC 4000 Interton (Germany)
Palladium Tele-Cassetten Game Palladium (Germany)
1292 Advanced Programmable Video System Audiosonic
Magnavox Odyssey 2 December 1978 Magnavox (U.S.) / Philips (Netherlands)
APF Imagination Machine 1979 APF (U.S.)
Bandai Super Vision 8000 Bandai (Japan)
Intellivision # 1980 Mattel (U.S.) >3 million
VTech CreatiVision 1981 VTech (Hong Kong) ?
Epoch Cassette Vision # July 30, 1981 Epoch (Japan)
Arcadia 2001 and its variants and clones 1982 (Arcadia 2001) Emerson Radio (U.S.)
SHG Black Point 1982 Süddeutsche Elektro-Hausgeräte GmbH & Co. KG (Germany)
ColecoVision August 1982 Coleco (U.S.) ca. 2 million
Atari 5200 November 1982 Atari Inc. (U.S.) ca. 1 million
Vectrex November 1982 GCE/Milton Bradley Company (U.S.) ?
Compact Vision TV Boy October 1983 Gakken (Japan)
Video Arcade System Cancelled (supposed to be released in 1983) Ultravision (U.S.) 0

Third generation (1983–2003)
See also: Third generation of video game consoles

There were a total of 23 home video game consoles released in the third generation, and 3 cancelled platforms;

NameRelease dateManufacturerUnits sold CPU"Bits"
Videopac+ G7400 1983 Philips (Netherlands) ? Intel 8048 @ 5.91 MHz 8-bit
My Vision Nichibutsu (Japan) ?
Pyuuta Jr. April 1983 Tomy (Japan)
Sega SG-1000 # July 15, 1983 Sega (Japan) ca. 2 million Zilog Z80 @ 3.58 MHz
NES/Family Computer (Famicom) # July 15, 1983 Nintendo (Japan) ca. 61.91 million Ricoh 2A03 processor (MOS Technology 6502 core) 8-bit
PV-1000 October 1983 Casio (Japan) ? Z80A clocked at 3.579 MHz 8-bit
Epoch Super Cassette Vision July 17, 1984 Epoch (Japan) 400,000 NEC PD7801G
Bridge Companion 1985 BBC/Heber (UK) ? Zilog Z80
Video Art LJN (U.S.) ?
Zemmix # Daewoo Electronics (South Korea) Zilog Z80 8-bit
Sega Mark III/Sega Master System # October 20, 1985 Sega (Japan), Tec Toy (Brazil) ca. 13 million Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz
Family Computer Disk System[50] February 21, 1986 Nintendo (Japan) ca. 4.44 million Ricoh 2A03 processor (MOS Technology 6502 core)
Videosmarts[51] 1986 Connor Electronics (U.S.) (1986–1988), VTech (Hong Kong) (1989–1990) ? ? ?
Atari 7800 May 1986 Atari Corporation (U.S.) 8-bit
Atari XEGS 1987 Atari Corporation (U.S.) ca. 2 million MOS Technology 6502C
Video Challenger Tomy/Bandai (Japan) ? ?
Action Max Worlds of Wonder (U.S.) HD401010 8-bit
View-Master Interactive Vision 1988 View-Master Ideal Group, Inc. (U.S.) ?
Terebikko Bandai (Japan) ?
VTech Socrates VTech (Hong Kong) 8-bit
Video Driver October 1988[52] Sega (Japan) ?
Amstrad GX4000 September 1990 Amstrad (UK) ca. 15,000 Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz 8-bit
Commodore 64 Games System December 1990 Commodore (Canada) ? MOS Technology 8500 @ 0.985 MHz
RDI Halcyon cancelled (supposed to be released in January 1985) RDI Video Systems (U.S.) 0 (<12 units are known to exist) Zilog Z80 ?
Control-Vision cancelled (supposed to be released in 1989) Digital Pictures & Hasbro (U.S.) 0 ? ?
Кроха[53] cancelled (supposed to be released in 1990) SKB Kontur (СКБ Контур) (Russia) 0 (~200 units were given out to manufacturer employees) K580VM80A 2 MHz ?
  • The Videopac+ G7400 was planned to be released in America as the Odyssey³ Command Center, with a different case design, but it never occurred, although some prototypes exist.
  • Although fully developed, functional, and with 2 games ready, the few Halcyon units that exist were handmade for investors of the company to try out the product, it is not believed that it ever went into full production or entered the market at all. Less than 12 main control units (Halcyon 200LD, the console itself) are known to exist, but more Halcyon branded Laserdisc players (LD-700, made by Pioneer) exist.
  • The Кроха (Read as "Krokha", meaning "Baby") was a Soviet console that was ready to launch, but production halted, only one game was made, and the approximately 200 consoles were given out to employees of the factory that manufactured it.
See also: Nintendo Entertainment System hardware clone

Fourth generation (1987–2004)
See also: Fourth generation of video game consoles

There were a total of 17 home video game consoles released in the fourth generation, and 4 cancelled platforms;

NameRelease dateManufacturerUnits soldCPU"Bits"
PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 # October 30, 1987 NEC (Japan) ca. 10 million Hudson Soft HuC6280 16-bit (8-bit CPU, 16-bit graphics)
Sega Genesis/Mega Drive # October 29, 1988 Sega (Japan) ca. 35.25 million Motorola 68000 @ 7.6 MHz, Zilog Z80 @ 3.58 MHz 16-bit (16/32 bit processor, 16 bit graphics)
TurboGrafx-CD/CD-ROM² # December 4, 1988 NEC (Japan) ? ? 16-bit (8-bit processor, 16-bit graphics)
PC Engine2/SuperGrafx December 8, 1989 NEC (Japan) Hudson Soft HuC6280 16-bit (8-bit CPU, 16-bit graphics)
Neo-Geo AES April 26, 1990 SNK (Japan) ca. 750,000 Motorola 68000 @ 12 MHz, Zilog Z80A @ 4 MHz 24-bit (16/32 bit processor, 24 bit graphics)
Super NES/Super Famicom # November 21, 1990 Nintendo (Japan) ca. 49.1 million Ricoh 5A22 @ 3.58 MHz 16-bit
Commodore CDTV March 1991 Commodore (Canada) ? Motorola 68000 @ 7 MHz 16-bit
CD-i # December 3, 1991 Various ca. 1.5 million Philips SCC68070 @ 15.5 MHz 16-bit (could be upgraded to 32-bit)
Sega CD/Mega CD # December 12, 1991 Sega (Japan) ca. 2.24 million Motorola 68000 @ 12.5 MHz 16-bit (16/32 bit processor, 16 bit graphics)
Memorex VIS June 1992 Memorex/Tandy Corp (U.S.) ca. 15,000 Intel 80286 @ 12 MHz 16-bit
Sega Pico June 26, 1993 Sega/Majesco Entertainment (Japan) ? Motorola 68000 @ 7.6 MHz, Zilog Z80 @ 3.58 MHz
Picno 1992[54] Konami(Japan) ?
Pioneer LaserActive August 20, 1993 Pioneer Corporation (Japan)
Neo-Geo CD # September 9, 1994 SNK (Japan) Motorola 68000 @ 12 MHz, Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz
Sega 32X November 21, 1994 Sega (Japan) 800,000 2 × SH-2 32-bit RISC @ 23 MHz 32-bit
Satellaview April 23, 1995 Nintendo (Japan) ? ? 16-bit
Super A'Can October 25, 1995 Funtech (Taiwan) Motorola 68000 @ 10.738635 MHz
Konix Multisystem cancelled (supposed to be released in August 1989) Konix (UK) 0 ? 16-bit
Atari Panther cancelled (supposed to be released in 1991) Atari Corporation (U.S.) Motorola 68000 32-bit
WOWOW[55] cancelled (supposed to be released in 1992) Taito (Japan) ? ?
SNES-CD cancelled (development stopped in 1993) Nintendo (Japan) 16-bit
  • SNK created the Neo Geo CD as a much cheaper alternative to the AES, lowering the price of games considerably, from ~300$ to ~50$ . It's essentially an AES console with a media format change from cartridges to CDs, placing it in the fourth generation.

Fifth generation (1993–2005)
See also: Fifth generation of video game consoles

There were a total of 14 home video game consoles released in the fifth generation;

NameRelease dateManufacturerUnits soldCPU"Bits"
FM Towns Marty # February 20, 1993 Fujitsu (Japan) >45,000 AMD 386SX at 16 MHz 32-bit
Amiga CD32 September 17, 1993 Commodore (Canada) >100,000 Motorola 68EC020@ 14.18 MHz (PAL) 14.32 MHz (NTSC)
3DO Interactive Multiplayer # October 4, 1993 Panasonic/Sanyo (Japan)/GoldStar (South Korea) 2 million RISC CPU ARM60 based on ARM architecture @ 12.5 MHz
Atari Jaguar November 23, 1993 Atari Corporation (U.S.) <250,000[56][57] Motorola 68000 @ 13.295 MHz, Custom 32-bit graphics RISC "Tom" @ 26.59 MHz, Custom 32-bit sound RISC "Jerry" @ 26.59 MHz 64-bit (64-bit graphics, 32-bit processor)
CPS Changer 1994 Capcom (Japan) ? Motorola 68000 @ 10 MHz 16-bit
Playdia September 23, 1994 Bandai (Japan) Toshiba TMP87C800F 8-bit
Sega Saturn # November 22, 1994 Sega (Japan) 9.26 million 2× Hitachi SH-2 @ 28.6 MHz 32-bit
Sony PlayStation # December 3, 1994 Sony (Japan) 102.49 million R3000 @ 33.8688 MHz 32-bit
PC-FX December 23, 1994 NEC (Japan) >400,000 NEC V810 32-bit
Apple Bandai Pippin March 28, 1995 Bandai (Japan)/Apple Inc. (U.S.) 42,000 PowerPC 603 RISC (66 MHz)
Atari Jaguar CD September 21, 1995 Atari Corporation (U.S.) ? ? 64-bit (uses Jaguar processors)
Casio Loopy October 19, 1995 Casio (Japan) RISC SH-1 (SH7021) 32-bit
Nintendo 64 June 23, 1996 Nintendo (Japan) 32.93 million NEC VR4300 @ 93.75 MHz 64-bit
Nintendo 64DD December 1, 1999 >15,000 ? 64-bit (uses N64 processor)

Sixth generation (1998–2013)
See also: Sixth generation of video game consoles

There were a total of 8 home video game consoles released in the sixth generation, and 2 cancelled platforms;

NameRelease dateManufacturerUnits sold CPU"Bits"
Dreamcast November 27, 1998 Sega (Japan) ca. 9.13 million Hitachi SH-4 32-bit RISC @ 200 MHz 128-bit (32-bit processor, 128-bit graphics)
Nuon # 2000 VM Labs (U.S.) >25,000 Nuon MPE hybrid stack processor 128-bit (SIMD)
PlayStation 2 # March 4, 2000 Sony (Japan) ca

155 million

 Emotion Engine @ 294.912 MHz (launch), 299 MHz (newer models) 128-bit (SIMD)
Nintendo GameCube # November 14, 2001 Nintendo (Japan) ca. 21.74 million IBM PowerPC Gekko @ 486 MHz 128-bit (SIMD)
Xbox November 15, 2001 Microsoft (U.S.) ca. 24 million Custom 733 MHz Intel Pentium III "Coppermine-based" processor
DVD Kids 2002 3-Plus (Iceland)[58] ? ? ?
Xavix PORT 2004 SSD COMPANY LIMITED (Japan) 8-bit,16-bit and 32-bit (depending on game cartridge)
Advanced Pico Beena # 2005 Sega (Japan) ca. 350,000 ARM7TDMI clocked at 81 MHz ?
L600 cancelled (development stopped in April 2001) Indrema 0 x86 @ 600 MHz 32-bit
Panasonic M2 cancelled (supposed to be released in 1997) Panasonic (Japan) Dual PowerPC 602 Processors @ 66 MHz 64-bit (dual 32-bit)

Seventh generation (2005–2017)
See also: Seventh generation of video game consoles

There were a total of 7 home video game consoles released in the seventh generation, and 1 cancelled platform;

Console / SeriesRelease date / Lifespan of the seriesManufacturer / CountryUnits sold CPU
Game Wave Family Entertainment System October 2005 ZAPiT (Canada) ca. 70,000 (as of 2008)[59] ?
Xbox 360 # November 22, 2005 Microsoft (U.S.) ca. 85,8 million (as of December 17, 2018)[60][61][62][63] Big-endian architecture 3.2 GHz PowerPC Tri-Core Xenon
V.Flash September 2006 VTech (Hong Kong) ?
HyperScan October 23, 2006 Mattel (U.S.)
PlayStation 3 # November 11, 2006 Sony (Japan) ca. 86,9 million[64] 3.2 GHz Cell Broadband Engine with 1 PPE & 7 SPEs
Wii # November 19, 2006 Nintendo (Japan) ca. 101.63 million (as of December 31, 2016)[65] PowerPC 750-based IBM PowerPC "Broadway" @ 729 MHz; 2.9 GFLOPS
Zeebo May 25, 2009 Zeebo Inc. (U.S.) ?
Phantom cancelled (supposed to be released in September 2005) Phantom (U.S.) 0 ?

Eighth generation (2012–present)
See also: Eighth generation of video game consoles

There are 4 main home video game consoles released in the current generation; a number of microconsoles were also released in this generation that are not listed here.

NameRelease dateManufacturerUnits sold CPU
Wii U November 18, 2012 Nintendo (Japan) ca. 13.56 million (as of December 31, 2016)[66] PowerPC 750-based 1.24 GHz Tri-Core IBM PowerPC "Espresso"
PlayStation 4 # November 15, 2013 Sony (Japan) >106 million (as of December 31, 2019)[67] Semi-custom 8-core AMD x86-64 Jaguar 1.6 GHz CPU (integrated into APU)
Xbox One # November 22, 2013 Microsoft (U.S.) >41 million (as of 2018)[68][lower-alpha 1] Custom 1.75 GHz AMD 8-core APU (2 quad-core Jaguar modules)
Nintendo Switch # March 3, 2017 Nintendo (Japan) ca. 68.30 million (as of September 30, 2020)[73] Octa-core (4×ARM Cortex-A57 & 4×ARM Cortex-A53) @ 1.020 GHz
  • The Nintendo Switch was released during this period, but has been referred to as a hybrid video game console, combining features of home and handheld systems. This is why the Switch appears in both the list of home video game consoles and the list of handheld game consoles.

Ninth generation (2020–present)
See also: Ninth generation of video game consoles

The following are the latest home console models.

NameRelease dateManufacturerUnits sold CPU
Xbox Series X/S November 10, 2020 Microsoft (U.S.) ca. 3,500,000 (as of December 31, 2021)[74][lower-alpha 1]
  • Custom 8-core AMD Zen 2;
  • Series X: 3.8 GHz, 3.6 GHz with SMT[75]
  • Series S: 3.6 GHz, 3.4 GHz with SMT[76]
PlayStation 5 November 12, 2020 Sony (Japan) 4,500,000 (as of December 31, 2020)[77] Custom 8-core AMD Zen 2, variable frequency, up to 3.5 GHz[78]

See also

Notes
  1. Starting with Microsoft's fiscal quarter ending June 2014 (Q4), the company stopped divulging individual platform sales in their fiscal reports and subsequent Xbox sales are based on industry estimates.[69][70][71][72]
  1. The Atari 2600 sold 30 million units during its life-cycle. Atari also released a second home console during the second generation known as the Atari 5200 which sold 1 million units.
  2. The Atari 7800 sold 1 million units. Atari also released the Atari XEGS during the third generation which sold 100,000 units.
  3. Home Pong sold 150,000 units.[2][3] Atari 2600 sold 30 million,[4] Atari 5200 and Atari 7800 sold 1 million units each[5][6] Atari XEGS sold 100,000 units,[7] and the Atari Jaguar sold 250,000 units.[8]
    • Telestar: Coleco launched Telstar in 1976 and sold a million. Production and delivery issues, and dedicated consoles being replaced by electronic handheld games dramatically reduced sales in 1977. Over a million Telstars were scrapped in 1978, and it cost Coleco $22.3 million that year[9]—almost bankrupting the company.[10]
    • ColecoVision:The ColecoVision reached 2 million units sold by the spring of 1984. Console quarterly sales dramatically decreased at this time, but it continued to sell modestly[11][9] with most inventory gone by October 1985.[12]
  5. As of October, 2020 the Nintendo Switch has sold 61.44 million units.[13] Nintendo also released the Wii U during the eighth generation which sold 13.56 million units during its lifecycle.[13]
  6. Color TV-Game series sold 3 million units.[14] NES, Super NES, Nintendo 64, GameCube and Wii sales figures.[15] Wii U and Switch sales figures.[13]
  7. Magnavox Odyssey,[16] Magnavox Odyssey²[17] Philips CD-i[18]
  8. Intellivision sold 3 million units.[19]
  9. The Sega Master System sold 10–13 million units. Sega also released the SG-1000 during the third generation which sold 160,000 units.
    • Master System: 10–13 million, not including recent Brazil sales figures.[20][21] Screen Digest wrote in a 1995 publication that the Master System's active installed user base in Western Europe peaked at 6.25 million in 1993. Those countries that peaked are France at 1.6 million, Germany at 700 thousand, the Netherlands at 200 thousand, Spain at 550 thousand, the United Kingdom at 1.35 million, and other Western European countries at 1.4 million. However, Belgium peaked in 1991 with 600 thousand, and Italy in 1992 with 400 thousand. Thus it is estimated approximately 6.8 million units were purchased in this part of Europe.[22] 1 million were sold in Japan as of 1986.[23] 2 million were sold in the United States.[24] 8 million were sold by Tectoy in Brazil as of 2016.[25]
    • Sega Genesis: 30.75 million sold by Sega worldwide as of March 1996,[26][27] not including third-party sales. In addition, Tec Toy sold 3 million in Brazil,[28][29] and Majesco Entertainment projected it would sell 1.5 million in the United States.[30]
    • Sega Saturn: 9.26 million units sold.[27]
    • Dreamcast: 9.13 million units sold.[27][31][32][33]
  11. The TurboGrafx-16 was designed by Hudson and manufactured and marketed by NEC.[34] The TurboGrafx-16 managed to sell 10 million units.[35] The PC-FX sold less than 100,000 after a year on sale.[36]
  12. PlayStation: Sony corporate data reports 102.49 million units sold as of March 31, 2007.[37] Sony stopped divulging individual platform sales starting with 2012 fiscal reports,[38][39] and continues to sporadically.[40] PlayStation 2: 155 million units sold as of March 31, 2012.[41] It was discontinued worldwide on January 4, 2013.[42] PlayStation 3: Sony corporate data reports 87.4 million sold as of March 31, 2017.[41] PS3 shipments to Japanese retailers, the last country Sony was selling units to, ceased by May.[43] PlayStation 4: Sony corporate data reports 108.9 million units sold as of December 31, 2019.[41]
  13. Xbox: More than 24 million units sold as of May 10, 2006.[44] Xbox 360: Sold 84 million as of June 2014.[45] Production ended in 2016.[46] Xbox One: Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella unveiled at a December 3, 2014 shareholder presentation that 10 million units were sold.[47] Microsoft announced in October 2015 that individual platform sales in their fiscal reports will no longer be disclosed. The company shifted focus to the amount of active users on Xbox Live as its "primary metric of success".[48] International Data Corporation estimated 46.9 million sold worldwide through the second quarter of 2019.[49]

References
  1. Edwards, Benj (August 26, 2016). "Son of PC: The History of x86 Game Consoles". PC Magazine. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  2. Ellis, David (2004). "Dedicated Consoles". Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games. Random House. pp. 33–36. ISBN 0-375-72038-3.
  3. Kent, Steven (2001). "Strange Bedfellows". Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4.
  4. "AtGames to Launch Atari Flashback 4 to Celebrate Atari's 40th Anniversary!" (Press release). PR Newswire. November 12, 2012. Archived from the original on November 27, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  5. Schrage, Michael (May 22, 1984). "Atari Introduces Game In Attempt for Survival". The Washington Post: C3. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved July 29, 2009. The company has stopped producing its 5200 SuperSystem games player, more than 1 million of which were sold.
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