Homestay

Homestay is a popular form of hospitality and lodging whereby visitors share a residence with a local of the city to which they are traveling. The length of stay can vary from one night to over a year and can be provided gratis (gift economy), in exchange for monetary compensation, in exchange for a stay at the guest's property either simultaneously or at another time (home exchange), or in exchange for housekeeping or work on the host's property (barter economy). Homestays are examples of collaborative consumption and the sharing economy.[1]

For the film, see Homestay (film).
A homestay in Vietnam

Farm stays are a type of a homestay, in which the visitor stays on a working farm.

The terms of the homestay are generally worked out by the host and guest in advance and can include items such as the type of lodging, length of stay, housekeeping or work required to be performed, curfews, use of utilities and household facilities, food to be provided, and rules related to smoking, drinking, and drugs.

Homestays offer several advantages such as exposure to everyday life in another location, opportunities for cultural diplomacy, friendship, intercultural competence, and foreign language practice, local advice, and a lower carbon footprint compared to other types of lodging; however, they may have restrictions such as curfews and work requirements and may not have the same level of comfort, amenities, and privacy as other types of lodging.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Independent travelers typically arrange homestays via social networking services.[7] Homestays can also be arranged by academic institutions (for their students that study abroad or participate in student exchange programs).[9]

A family that hosts a non-family member is a host family. Hosts can also be involved in au pair programs in which a long-term guest stays with a family who provides accommodation in return for child care assistance and light household duties. Au pairs are treated as part of the family and participate in their day-to-day family routines.

Services
Category Services
Hosts do not expect to receive paymentList of hospitality exchange services
Hosts receive farm work / choresHelpx, Workaway, WWOOF
Hosts receive monetary payment9flats, Airbnb, GuestReady

Hospitality exchange services

Services, where hosts do not receive payments are a special case — there are called hospitality exchange services.[10][11][12] The relationships on hospitality exchange services are shaped by altruism. Therefore, these organisation are usually non-profit, registered under .org-domains, built up by volunteers and use open-source software. The conversion of the biggest of hospitality exchanges services Couchsurfing to a for-profit corporation in 2011 was objected to by many of its members.[13][14][15] Couchsurfing had previously been financed by donations and built using volunteer work.[13][16] Non-profit hospitality exchange services offer trustworthy teams of scientists access to their anonymized data for publication of insights to the benefit of humanity. Before becoming for-profit, Couchsurfing offered 4 research teams access to its social networking data.[17][18][19][20] In 2015, non-profit hospitality exchange services Bewelcome and Warm Showers also provided their data for public research.[21][22]

History

In 1949, Bob Luitweiler founded Servas International as a volunteer-run international nonprofit organization advocating interracial and international peace.[1]

In 1965, John Wilcock set up the Traveler's Directory as a listing of his friends willing to host each other when traveling.[23] In 1988, Joy Lily rescued the organization from imminent shutdown, forming Hospitality Exchange.

In 1966, psychologist Rubén Feldman González created Programo Pasporto for Esperanto speakers in Argentina. In 1974, with the help of Jeanne-Marie Cash, it became Pasporta Servo and published its first membership directory, which listed 40 hosts.

In 1971, Sue Coppard founded WWOOF ("Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms"), a network in which food, lodging, and education is provided to guests in exchange for housekeeping and farmworker services.

In 1977, Presbyterian minister Wayne Smith and U.S. President Jimmy Carter established Friendship Force International, with the mission of improving intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, friendship, and intercultural competence via organized trips involving homestays.

In 1992, Hospex.org was launched online; it later was folded into Hospitality Club, created in 2000 by Veit Kühne.

In 1993, the database of Warm Showers was created by Terry Zmrhal and Geoff Cashmen. In 2005, it was launched as a website by Randy Fay.

In 2004, Casey Fenton founded CouchSurfing, in which accommodation is offered gratis. Beginning in March 2020, the website charges users a period membership fee.

In 2007,[24] BeWelcome was formed by members of Hospitality Club who had had a disagreement with its founder. [25]

In 2008, Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia founded Airbnb, where hosts receive monetary payment from guests, paid online in advance, and Airbnb receives commissions from each transaction.

In China's Xinjiang region, homestay programs are used by the government in which ethnic Han Chinese are sent to the homes of Muslims in order to surveil them.[26]

References
  1. Koszewska, Julia Maria (2008). "Gift, Exchange and Trust: Information (its role, management andaccess to information) in modern society on theexample of free-hospitality networks". University of Warsaw. 175528 – via Academia.edu. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. Prasher, Kalyani (January 7, 2016). "7 Reasons To Choose Homestays Over Hotels On Your Travels". HuffPost.
  3. Green, Molly (January 30, 2016). "How a Homestay Will Make Your Experience Abroad Richer". HuffPost.
  4. "7 Benefits of Living with a Local Host Family". Go Abroad. October 30, 2013.
  5. Andres, Elaine (April 25, 2012). "The Pros and Cons of a Homestay Abroad". Go Overseas.
  6. McDaniel, Kelly; McDaniel, Ryan (January 29, 2016). "Airbnb vs. Hotel: Which is Right For You?". TravelPulse.
  7. "Experience South America And Find The Perfect Homestay". Forbes. November 18, 2014.
  8. Rivers, William P. (1998). "Is Being There Enough? The Effects of Homestay Placements on Language Gain During Study Abroad". Foreign Language Annals. 31 (4): 492–500. doi:10.1111/j.1944-9720.1998.tb00594.x.
  9. Clarke, Alan (June 2014). "Homestay Lodging: The Next Disruption in Travel". Wired.
  10. Ikkala, Tapio; Lampinen, Airi (15 February 2014). "Defining the price of hospitality: networked hospitality exchange via Airbnb". Proceedings of the companion publication of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing. Association for Computing Machinery: 173–176. doi:10.1145/2556420.2556506.
  11. Spitz, Tara (2017). "The commodification of hospitality An analysis of tourism encounters between interculturality and difference in regard to Turkish couchsurfing experiences". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. Håvardsholm, Angelica Kolstad (June 2016). "How does gender influence couchsurfers behaviour intentions based on trust and perceived risk?". hdl:11250/2413810. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. DeAmicis, Carmel (10 January 2015). "How Couchsurfing became the Friendster of the sharing economy". GigaOm.
  14. Johnson, Bobbie (1 September 2011). "After going for-profit, CouchSurfing faces user revolt". GigaOm.
  15. Roudman, Sam (7 November 2013). "How to Lose Funds and Infuriate Users: Couchsurfing, a Cautionary Tale From the Sharing Economy". techPresident.
  16. Vivion, Nick (11 October 2013). "CouchSurfing CEO steps down amid layoffs, uncertainty". Phocuswire.
  17. Victor, Patricia; Cornelis, Chris; De Cock, Martine; Herrera-Viedma, Enrique (2010). "Bilattice-based aggregation operators for gradual trust and distrust". World Scientific Proceedings Series on Computer Engineering and Information Science. World Scientific: 505–510. doi:10.1142/9789814324700_0075. ISBN 978-981-4324-69-4.
  18. Dandekar, Pranav. "Analysis & Generative Model for Trust Networks" (PDF). Retrieved 21 January 2020. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. Overgoor, Jan; Wulczyn, Ellery; Potts, Christopher (20 May 2012). "Trust Propagation with Mixed-Effects Models". Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.
  20. Lauterbach, Debra; Truong, Hung; Shah, Tanuj; Adamic, Lada (August 2009). "Surfing a Web of Trust: Reputation and Reciprocity on CouchSurfing.com". 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering. 4: 346–353. doi:10.1109/CSE.2009.345. ISBN 978-1-4244-5334-4.
  21. Rustam Tagiew; Dmitry I. Ignatov; Radhakrishnan Delhibabu (2015). Hospitality Exchange Services as a Source of Spatial and Social Data?. (IEEE) International Conference on Data Mining Workshop (ICDMW). Atlantic City. pp. 1125–1130. doi:10.1109/ICDMW.2015.239.
  22. Tagiew, Rustam; Ignatov, Dmitry. I; Delhibabu, Radhakrishnan (2015). "Hospitality Exchange Services as a Source of Spatial and Social Data?". ICDMW: 1125–1130. doi:10.1109/ICDMW.2015.239. ISBN 978-1-4673-8493-3.
  23. Kirk, Robert William (1985). You Can Travel Free. Pelican Publishing Company. p. 100.
  24. Baker, Vicky (26 August 2011). "Budget Travel: Not-for-profit Couchsurfing becomes a company (with a conscience)". The Guardian.
  25. Baker, Vicky (18 April 2008). "Going local in Caracas, Venezuela". The Guardian.
  26. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/china-undercover/
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