Hurdia

Hurdia is an extinct genus of hurdiid radiodont that lived 505 million years ago during the Cambrian Period. As a radiodont like Peytoia and Anomalocaris, it is part of the ancestral lineage that led to euarthropods.[1]

Hurdia
Temporal range: Mid Cambrian, 505 Ma
↓
Artist's reconstruction
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: †Dinocaridida
Order: †Radiodonta
Family: †Hurdiidae
Genus: †Hurdia
Walcott, 1912
Type species
†Hurdia victoria
Walcott, 1912
Other species
  • †H. triangulata? Walcott, 1912

Description

Hurdia was one of the largest organisms in the Cambrian oceans, reaching approximately 20 cm (8 inches) in length.[1] Its head bore a pair of rake-like frontal appendages which shovelled food into its pineapple-ring-like mouth (oral cone). Like other hurdiids, Hurdia bore a large frontal carapace protruding from its head composed of three sclerites: a central component known as the H-element and two lateral components known as P-elements. The function of this organ remains mysterious; it cannot have been protective as there was no underlying soft tissue.[2] Body flaps ran along the sides of the organisms, from which large gills were suspended.

Ecology

Hurdia was a predator, or possibly a scavenger. Its frontal appendages are flimsier than those of Anomalocaris, suggesting that it fed on less robust prey. It displayed a cosmopolitan distribution; it has been recovered from the Burgess shale as well as sites in the USA, China and Europe.[1]

Taxonomic history
The holotype of Hurdia victoria, an h-element of the cephalic carapace.

Hurdia was named in 1912 by Charles Walcott, with two species, the type species H. victoria and a referred species, H. triangulata.[3] The genus name refers to Mount Hurd.[3] It is possible that Walcott had described a specimen the year prior as Amiella, but the specimen is too fragmentary to identify with certainty, so Amiella is a nomen dubium.[4] Walcott's original specimens consisted only of H-elements of the frontal carapace, which he interpreted as being the carapace of an unidentified type of crustacean. P-elements of the carapace were described as a separate genus, Proboscicaris, in 1962.

In 1996, then-curator of the Royal Ontario Museum Desmond H. Collins erected the taxon Radiodonta to encompass Anomalocaris and its close relatives, and included both Hurdia and Proboscicaris in the group.[5] He subsequently recognized that Proboscicaris and Hurdia were based on different parts of the same animal, and recognized that a specimen previously assigned to Peytoia was also a specimen of the species.[4] He presented his ideas in informal articles,[6][7] and it was not until 2009, after three years of painstaking research, that the complete organism was reconstructed.[1][8][9][10]

Sixty-nine specimens of Hurdia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.13% of the community.[11]

References
  1. Daley, A. C., Budd, G. E., Caron, J. B., Edgecombe, G. D., Collins, D. (2009). "The Burgess Shale anomalocaridid Hurdia and its significance for early euarthropod evolution". Science. 323 (5921): 1597–1600. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1597D. doi:10.1126/science.1169514. PMID 19299617.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. "ROM collections reveal 500 million-year-old monster predator" (Press release). Royal Ontario Museum. 2009-03-20. Archived from the original on 2019-02-15.
  3. Walcott, Charles D. (1912-03-13). "Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merostomata". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 57 (6).
  4. Daley, Allison C.; Budd, Graham E.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2013). "Morphology and systematics of the anomalocaridid arthropod Hurdia from the Middle Cambrian of British Columbia and Utah". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 11 (7): 743–787. doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.732723.
  5. Collins, Desmond (1996). "The "Evolution" of Anomalocaris and Its Classification in the Arthropod Class Dinocarida (nov.) and Order Radiodonta (nov.)". Journal of Paleontology. 70 (2): 280–293. JSTOR 1306391.
  6. D. Collins, in North American Paleontological Convention, Chicago, Abstracts with Programs, S. Lidgard, P. R. Crane, Eds. (The Paleontological Society, Special Publication 6, Chicago, IL, 1992), p. 66, 11.
  7. D. Collins (1999). "Dinocarids: the first monster predators on earth". Rotunda. Vol. 32. Royal Ontario Museum. p. 25.
  8. Fossil fragments reveal 500-million-year-old monster predator.
  9. New animal discovered by Canadian researcher.
  10. Scientists identify T-Rex of the sea
  11. Caron, Jean-Bernard; Jackson, Donald A. (October 2006). "Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale". PALAIOS. 21 (5): 451–65. doi:10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R. JSTOR 20173022.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.