Inferior phrenic arteries

Inferior phrenic arteries
	The abdominal aorta and its branches ; (inferior phrenic arteries labeled at upper right)
	Posterior abdominal wall, after removal of the peritoneum, showing kidneys, suprarenal capsules, and great vessels
Details
Source	Abdominal aorta
Branches	Superior suprarenal artery
Vein	Inferior phrenic vein
Supplies	Thoracic diaphragm
Identifiers
Latin	Arteriae phrenicae inferiores
TA98	A12.2.12.002
TA2	4206
FMA	14734
	Anatomical terminology;

The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels which supply the diaphragm.[1][2] They present much variety in their origin.[1][2]

Structure

Origin

The inferior phrenic arteries usually arise between T12 and L2 vertebrae.[3] They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery.[1][2] Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta.[1][2]

Branches

They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface.

The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus.
The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch.
The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries.
The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus.

Function

The inferior phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm.[1][2] Each of the smaller vessels give off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 612 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

Akhilandeswari, B.; Ranganath, Priya (2013-06-01). "Variations in the source of origin of inferior phrenic artery: a cadaveric study". Journal of the Anatomical Society of India. 62 (1): 6–9. doi:10.1016/S0003-2778(13)80004-4. ISSN 0003-2778.
Loukas, Marios; Hullett, Joel; Wagner, Teresa (2005). "Clinical anatomy of the inferior phrenic artery". Clinical Anatomy. 18 (5): 357–365. doi:10.1002/ca.20112. ISSN 1098-2353.
Hiwatashi, Akio; Yoshida, Kisaku (September 2003). "The origin of right inferior phrenic artery on multidetector row helical CT". Clinical Imaging. 27 (5): 298–303. doi:10.1016/s0899-7071(02)00553-3. ISSN 0899-7071.

External links

Anatomy photo:40:11-0200 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: Branches of the Abdominal Aorta"
Cross section image: pembody/body8a—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna (#23)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[:0-1] Akhilandeswari, B.; Ranganath, Priya (2013-06-01). "Variations in the source of origin of inferior phrenic artery: a cadaveric study". Journal of the Anatomical Society of India. 62 (1): 6–9. doi:10.1016/S0003-2778(13)80004-4. ISSN 0003-2778.

[:1-2] Loukas, Marios; Hullett, Joel; Wagner, Teresa (2005). "Clinical anatomy of the inferior phrenic artery". Clinical Anatomy. 18 (5): 357–365. doi:10.1002/ca.20112. ISSN 1098-2353.

[3] Hiwatashi, Akio; Yoshida, Kisaku (September 2003). "The origin of right inferior phrenic artery on multidetector row helical CT". Clinical Imaging. 27 (5): 298–303. doi:10.1016/s0899-7071(02)00553-3. ISSN 0899-7071.