International Olympiad in Informatics

The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) is an annual competitive programming and one of the International Science Olympiad for secondary school students. It is the second largest science olympiad, after International Mathematical Olympiad, in terms of number of participating countries (83 at IOI 2017). The first IOI was held in 1989 in Pravetz, Bulgaria.

The logo of the International Olympiad in Informatics

The contest consists of two days of computer programming/coding and problem-solving of algorithmic nature. To deal with problems involving very large amounts of data, it is necessary to have not only programmers, "but also creative coders, who can dream up what it is that the programmers need to tell the computer to do. The hard part isn't the programming, but the mathematics underneath it."[1] Students at the IOI compete on an individual basis, with up to four students competing from each participating country (with 81 countries in 2012). Students in the national teams are selected through national computing contests, such as the Australian Informatics Olympiad, British Informatics Olympiad, Indian Computing Olympiad or Bundeswettbewerb Informatik (Germany).

The International Olympiad in Informatics is one of the most prestigious computer science competitions in the world. UNESCO and IFIP are patrons.

Competition structure and participation

On each of the two competition days, the students are typically given three problems which they have to solve in five hours. Each student works on his/her own, with only a computer and no other help allowed, specifically no communication with other contestants, books etc. Usually to solve a task the contestant has to write a computer program (only in C++) and submit it before the five-hour competition time ends. The program is graded by being run with secret test data. From IOI 2010, tasks are divided into subtasks with graduated difficulty, and points are awarded only when all tests for a particular subtask yield correct results, within specific time and memory limits. In some cases, the contestant's program has to interact with a secret computer library, which allows problems where the input is not fixed, but depends on the program's actions – for example in game problems. Another type of problem has known inputs which are publicly available already during the five hours of the contest. For these, the contestants have to submit an output file instead of a program, and it is up to them whether they obtain the output files by writing a program (possibly exploiting special characteristics of the input), or by hand, or by a combination of these means. Pascal will have been removed as an available programming language by 2019.[2]:11

IOI 2010 for the first time had a live web scoreboard with real-time provisional results. Submissions will be scored as soon as possible during the contest, and the results posted. Contestants will be aware of their scores, but not others', and may resubmit to improve their scores. Starting from 2012, IOI has been using the Contest Management System (CMS) for developing and monitoring the contest.

The scores from the two competition days and all problems are summed up separately for each contestant. At the awarding ceremony, contestants are awarded medals depending on their relative total score. The top 50% of the contestants are awarded medals, such that the relative number of gold : silver : bronze : no medal is approximately 1:2:3:6 (thus 1/12 of the contestants get a gold medal).

The competition room at the IOI 2006
Front
Back
A bronze medal from IOI 2006 in Mexico
In front of the competition room at the IOI 2007

Prior to IOI 2010, students who did not receive medals did not have their scores published, making it impossible for a country to be ranked by adding together scores of its competitors unless each wins a medal. From IOI 2010, although the scores of students who did not receive medals are still not available in the official results, they are known from the live web scoreboard. In IOI 2012 the top 3 nations ranked by aggregate score (Russia, China and USA) were subsequently awarded during the closing ceremony.

Analysis of female performance shows 77.9 % of women obtain no medal, while 49.2 % of men obtain no medal. "The average female participation was 4.4% in 1989–1994 and 2.2% in 1996–2014." It also suggests women participate much more on the national level, claiming sometimes a double-digit percentage of women participate on the first stage.[3] President of the IOI, Richard Forster, says the competition has difficulty attracting women and that in spite of trying to solve it, "none of us have hit on quite what the problem is, let alone the solution."[1]

In IOI 2017 held in Iran, due to not being able to participate in Iran, the Israeli students participated in an offsite competition organized by IOI in Russia.[2]:11 Due to visa issues, the full USA team was unable to attend, although one contestant Zhezheng Luo[4] was able to attend by traveling with the Chinese team[5] and winning gold medal and 3rd place in standings.[6]

In IOI 2019 held in Azerbaijan, the Armenia team did not participate due to the dispute between the two countries.

For 2020, due to COVID-19 pandemic, the IOI 2020 which will be originally scheduled to host in Singapore in July, is postponed to September, and later converted to online format. Singapore will host the onsite IOI 2021, replacing Egypt which will host IOI 2024.

Summary

NumberYearDatesHost countryHost city
11989May 16–19 BulgariaPravetz
21990July 15–21 Belarus, Soviet UnionMinsk
31991May 19–25 GreeceAthens
41992July 11–21 GermanyBonn
51993October 16–25 ArgentinaMendoza
61994July 3–10 SwedenHaninge
71995June 26 – July 3 NetherlandsEindhoven
81996July 25 – August 2 HungaryVeszprém
91997November 30 – December 7 South AfricaCape Town
101998September 5–12 PortugalSetúbal
111999October 9–16 TurkeyAntalya-Belek
122000September 23–30 ChinaBeijing
132001July 14–21 FinlandTampere
142002August 18–25 Korea Rep.Yong-In
152003August 16–23 United StatesKenosha, Wisconsin
162004September 11–18 GreeceAthens
172005August 18–25 PolandNowy Sącz
182006August 13–20 MexicoMérida, Yucatán
192007August 15–22 CroatiaZagreb
202008August 16–23 EgyptCairo
212009August 8–15 BulgariaPlovdiv
222010August 14–21 CanadaWaterloo, Ontario
232011July 22–29 ThailandPattaya
242012September 23–30 ItalySirmione and Montichiari
252013July 6–13 AustraliaBrisbane
262014July 13–20 TaiwanTaipei
272015July 26 – August 2 KazakhstanAlmaty
282016August 12–19 RussiaKazan
292017July 28 – August 4 IranTehran
302018September 1–8 JapanTsukuba
312019August 4–11 AzerbaijanBaku
322020September 13–19a[7] Singaporeonline
332021June 20–27[8] SingaporeSingapore
342022 Indonesia
352023 HungarySzeged
362024 Egypt[9]

All Time Medal Table

As of 2019
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)842712123
2 Russia (RUS)623812112
3 United States (USA)523516103
4 South Korea (KOR)413927107
5 Poland (POL)404131112
6 Romania (ROM)305031111
7 Bulgaria (BUL)274338108
8 Iran (IRN)245723104
9 Slovakia (SVK)24403397
10 Japan (JPN)23241057
Totals (10 nations)4073942331034

Multiple IOI winners

The following is a list of the top performers in the history of the IOI.[10] The P sign indicates a perfect score, a rare achievement in IOI history. The U sign indicates an unofficial participation, where a contestant participated in a host's second team. Also, first (I), second (II) and third (III) places among gold medalists are indicated where appropriate. This list includes only those countries where the national selection contest allows the same participant to go multiple times to the IOI.

NameTeamYears
Gennady KorotkevichBelarusG(II) 2012GP(I) 2011G(I) 2010G(I) 2009G 2008G 2007S 2006
Hristo Venev Bulgaria G 2016 G 2015 G 2014 G 2013 S 2012
Filip WolskiPolandG(I) 2006G 2005G 2004G 2003
Yuta TakayaJapanG(I) 2017G 2016G 2015G 2014
Rares-Darius BuhaiRomaniaG 2015G 2014G 2013G 2012
Rumen HristovBulgariaG 2012G 2011G(II) 2010S 2009S 2008
Martin PettaiEstoniaG 2002G 2001G 2000S 1999
Andrzej Gąsienica-SamekPolandG 1999G 1998G 1997S 1996
Eduard BatmendijnSlovakiaG 2015G 2013G 2012S 2014
Nikoloz BirkadzeGeorgiaG 2020G 2019G 2018S 2017
Vladimir MartianovRussiaG 1999GP(I) 1998G(I) 1997
Scott WuUnited StatesGP(I) 2014G 2013G 2012
Martin MarešCzech RepublicG 1995G 1994G(I) 1993
John PardonUnited StatesG 2007G 2006G 2005
Marcin AndrychowiczPolandG 2008G 2007G 2006
Neal WuUnited StatesG 2010G 2009G 2008
Shogo MuraiJapanG 2012G 2011G 2010
Jarosław KwiecieńPolandG 2016G 2015G 2014
Vladimir RomanovRussiaG 2019G 2018G 2017
Encho Mishinev Bulgaria G 2017 G 2014 S 2016 S 2015 S 2013
Alex SchwendnerUnited StatesG 2005G 2003S 2004S 2002
Wolfgang ThallerAustriaG 1997G 1996S 1999S 1998
Bruce MerrySouth AfricaG 2001G 2000S 1999B 1998B 1997B 1996
Goran ŽužićCroatiaG 2008G 2007S 2009B 2006
Vlad Alexandru GavrilăRomaniaG 2013G 2012S 2011B 2010
Victor BargachevRussiaG(I) 1995G(I) 1994S 1993
Johnny HoUnited StatesGP(I) 2012G 2011S 2013
Eric PriceUnited StatesGP(I) 2005GU 2003S 2004
Mihai PătraşcuRomaniaG(II) 2001G 2000S 1999
Roman PastoukhovRussiaG 2000G(II) 1999S 2001
Piotr ZielińskiPolandG 1997G(III) 1996S 1995
Zixiang Zhou Canada G 2020 G(III) 2019 S 2018
Fredrik HussSwedenG 1993G 1992S 1991
Miroslav DudíkSlovakiaG 1997G 1996S 1995
Richard KrálovičSlovakiaG 1999G 1998S 1997
Tomasz CzajkaPoland (1998, 2000), United Kingdom (1999)G 2000G 1999S 1998
Petr MitrichevRussiaG 2002G 2000S 2001
Luka KalinovčićCroatiaG 2004G 2003S 2002
Rostislav RumenovBulgariaG 2007G 2006S 2005
Richard McCutchenUnited StatesG 2007G 2005S 2006
Vladislav EpifanovRussiaG 2008G 2007S 2009
Cosmin GheorgheRomaniaG 2009G 2008S 2007
Pasin ManurangsiThailandG 2011G 2010S 2009
Wenyu CaoUnited StatesG 2011G 2010S 2009
Benjamin Qi United States G(I) 2019G(I) 2018
Jeehak Yoon Republic of Korea GP(I) 2015G 2014
William LinUnited StatesGP(I) 2020 S 2019

Feeder competitions

Most participating countries use feeder competitions to select their team. A number of these are listed below:

Notes

1.^a IOI 2020 virtual closing ceremony was held on September 23, 2020.

See also

References

  1. Robson, Frank (10 August 2013). "Numbers game". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  2. "Minutes of the Meetings held in Kazan, Russian Federation" (PDF). ioinformatics.org. General Assembly of International Olympiad in Informatics. 19 August 2016. pp. 7, 11.
  3. Maggiolo, Stefano (2015). "An Update on the Female Presence at the IOI" (PDF). Olympiads in Informatics. London, U.K.: ioinformatics.org. 9, 127–137 (2015): 127. doi:10.15388/ioi.2015.10. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  4. "Zhezheng Luo". stats.ioinformatics.org.
  5. Simões, Gabriel (31 July 2017). "IOI 2017, first round - Codeforces". Codeforces. Retrieved 4 August 2017. There is really only one USA contestant on site, it looks like he came with the Chinese team (straight from China).
  6. "IOI 2017: Results". stats.ioinformatics.org.
  7. "IOI 2020 Website". ioi2020.sg.
  8. "IOI 2021 Website". ioi2021.sg.
  9. "IOI 2020 COVID-19 Updates". ioi2020.sg.
  10. "Hall of Fame". stats.ioinformatics.org.
  11. http://olimpiada.info/ Romanian National Informatics Olympiad
  12. https://noi.ph
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