Jastrebarsko

Jastrebarsko (pronounced [jâstrebarsko]; Hungarian: Jaska), colloquially known as Jaska, is a town in Zagreb County, Croatia.

Jastrebarsko
Town
Grad Jastrebarsko
Town of Jastrebarsko
Jastrebarsko Town Hall
Nickname(s): 
Jaska[1]
Jastrebarsko
Location of Jastrebarsko in Croatia
Coordinates (Main square): 45°40′19″N 15°39′4″E
Country Croatia
County Zagreb
First mentioned1249
Free royal town1257
IncorporatedNovember 30, 1995
Settlements59 settlements
Government
 • MayorZvonimir Novosel (SDP)[2]
 • Electoral district7th
Area
 • Town226.50 km2 (87.45 sq mi)
 • Urban
19.56 km2 (7.55 sq mi)
 • Metro
628.71 km2 (242.75 sq mi)
Elevation154 m (505 ft)
Population
 (2001)[5]
 • Town15,866
 • Density70/km2 (180/sq mi)
 • Urban
5,493
 • Urban density280/km2 (730/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code[6]
10450, 10453, 10454
Area code+385-1
License platesZG
Websitehttp://www.jastrebarsko.hr

History
Erdödy Castle in Jastrebarsko, originally built by Croatian ban Matija Gereb.

Antiquity

In 1865, remnants of a Roman settlement were uncovered in Repišće, Klinča Sela, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica and a necropolis consisting of six tumuli, both dating to the early Roman Empire period. The remnants are deemed to be the westernmost group of Noric-Pannonian tumuli and they make a very rare occasion of tombstones located directly on top of tumuli, which is in the rest of Croatia recorded only in Donji Čehi. The location of this archeological site on the fluvial terraces of the local Konjava stream[i] is attributed to the peaceful state of the central Roman Empire, which in turn led to formation of settlements in river valleys.[7]

Sveta Marija pod Okićem (English: Saint Mary under Okić) (locally nicknamed Grič), an archeological site located some 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) north of Repišće dating to 4th century, shows a migration from easily accessible locations to steeper hills and creation of isolated walled refugia. This is attributed to the loss of stability in the Pannonian region and in the Empire overall. A necropolis belonging to Sveta Marija was found on the small valley of Popov Dol and small items were excavated therefrom. Those were mostly bronze bracelets and glass chalices, items that Romans buried with their deceased. Two similar sites were found in the vicinity: Pavlovčani and Plešivica pass.[7]

Modern settlement

The name Jastrebarsko is derived from jastreb, the Croatian word for 'hawk' or 'falcon'. This can be attributed to the practicers of falconry (Croatian: jastrebar, pl. jastrebari), who were active in the area of southwest Zagreb County. A remnant of falconry can also be found in the Jastrebarsko coat of arms, which features a yellow goshawk on a blue blackground.[1] The first mention of this name is found in a 1249 document of the Croatian ban Stjepan Gutkeled as "lands of Jastraburcza" (Latin: forenses de Jastraburcza). The town is therein described as a trade and judicial center. In 1257 Croato-Hungarian King Bela IV awarded Jastrebarsko the status of a "free royal trading center" (Croatian: slobodno kraljevsko trgovište) by the means of a golden bull.[1] This status helped Jastrebarsko combat the interests of local feudal lords until the abolishment of the feudal system by ban Josip Jelačić in 1848.[1][ii]

From 1518 to 1848 Jastrebarsko is heavily influenced by the Croato-Hungarian noble family Erdödy. The bans Petar II and Toma II Erdödy were known for their victories against the spreading Ottoman Empire. Toma, son of Petar, won the 1593 Battle of Sisak, a major and decisive battle in the Ottomans' centuries-long occupation of Balkans. Later, in 1809 during the expansion of Napoleon's First French Empire, Jastrebarsko was for a short time incorporated in the Illyrian Provinces. This lasted until Summer 1813, when the French retreated from Croatia.[1]

Jastrebarsko started to rapidly develop following the 1848 abolishment of feudalism. The Zagreb–Karlovac railway was built in 1865, providing the town with a major source of employment. The local elementary school, founded in the 17th century, was augmented by a number of other cultural, social and sports organization, including a library, the singing society "Javor", association of tamburica players, a volunteer fire brigade and a theater and others.[1]

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Jastrebarsko was a district capital in the Zagreb County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

The town was the site of a concentration camp for Serb children operated by the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II.[8] This was the only concentration camp during World War II that was opened for children only.

Geography

Jastrebarsko is located in the Prigorje region of Central Croatia, built around the Reka Creek (Croatian: Potok Reka; reka is Kajkavian dialect word for river). On the west, Jastrebarsko is bordered by the Žumberak Mountain (Croatian: Žumberačka gora), a mountain range spreading through southeast Slovenia and southwest Prigorje, specifically Žumberak municipality and City of Samobor. The average altitude of the city is 154 metres (505 ft)[4] and the highest elevation in the Jastrebarsko metropolitan area is recorded on the 1,181-metre (3,875 ft) Sveta Gera summit of the Žumberak mountain, also claimed by Slovenia.[9][10]

Transport

Jastrebarsko lies on both Zagreb–Split (Adriatic-Ionian highway) and Zagreb-Rijeka (Corridor Vb) rail and road corridors. There is a highway exit near Jastrebarsko on the A1 highway, located between the Lučko interchange near Zagreb and the Karlovac interchange. This 37-kilometer (23 mi) stretch is the oldest modern highway in Croatia, dating back to 1970. The Zagreb–Karlovac–Rijeka magistral railroad M202, part of the Pan-European corridor Vb, passes through Jastrebarsko.[11] Jastrebarsko is served by a high-speed tilting train running between Zagreb and Rijeka and commuter trains operating between the town and Zagreb.[12] The city administration has called for a traffic study in 2007 by Ivan Dadić, a Croatian traffic expert, to solve the transport problems riddling Jastrebarsko's roads. Preliminary opinion by Dadić called for construction of four additional interchanges on the Zagreb–Karlovac stretch that would stop Jastrebarsko from being the bottleneck exit for all commuters living on the A1 corridor.[13]

Climate

The climate of Jastrebarsko is classified as maritime temperate with a slightly drier winter (Cfwbx in Köppen climate classification system). The city experiences four separate seasons. Winters are mild and summers are cool and the dry season spans through the winter and early spring. The average January low is around −6 °C (21 °F), while the July high tends to be near 22 °C (72 °F). The average yearly temperature is 10 °C (50 °F). Record temperatures have been encountered in July 1983 (35.5 °C or 95.9 °F) and January 1985 (−25.5 °C or −13.9 °F). There are scientifically documented claims that the global warming affects the climate in Jastrebarsko by increasing average yearly temperature by 1.2 °C (2.1 °F).[14]

Climate data for Jastrebarsko
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2)		 21.0
(69.8)		 26.0
(78.8)		 27.0
(80.6)		 30.0
(86.0)		 32.5
(90.5)		 35.5
(95.9)		 34.5
(94.1)		 33.5
(92.3)		 29.5
(85.1)		 21.5
(70.7)		 22.5
(72.5)		 35.5
(95.9)
Average high °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7)		 5.9
(42.6)		 8.5
(47.3)		 12.4
(54.3)		 18.1
(64.6)		 20.1
(68.2)		 21.8
(71.2)		 20.3
(68.5)		 18.5
(65.3)		 12.0
(53.6)		 6.6
(43.9)		 3.9
(39.0)		 10.8
(51.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3)		 1.4
(34.5)		 5.6
(42.1)		 9.8
(49.6)		 14.9
(58.8)		 17.8
(64.0)		 19.8
(67.6)		 18.9
(66.0)		 15.1
(59.2)		 9.9
(49.8)		 4.1
(39.4)		 0.9
(33.6)		 9.8
(49.6)
Average low °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 1.4
(34.5)		 7.7
(45.9)		 12.1
(53.8)		 16.6
(61.9)		 18.0
(64.4)		 16.3
(61.3)		 12.6
(54.7)		 6.5
(43.7)		 0.8
(33.4)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 8.8
(47.8)
Record low °C (°F) −25.5
(−13.9)		 −24.0
(−11.2)		 −18.0
(−0.4)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 3.5
(38.3)		 5.5
(41.9)		 3.0
(37.4)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 −5.8
(21.6)		 −14.5
(5.9)		 −19.0
(−2.2)		 −25.5
(−13.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 54.1
(2.13)		 60.1
(2.37)		 69.1
(2.72)		 68.2
(2.69)		 80.0
(3.15)		 98.3
(3.87)		 82.2
(3.24)		 88.6
(3.49)		 95.3
(3.75)		 81.7
(3.22)		 88.5
(3.48)		 64.7
(2.55)		 928.2
(36.54)
Source: [14]

Demographics

In the 2011 census, the city of Jastrebarsko has a total population of 15,866. 5,493 of whom live in the settlement of Jastrebarsko itself (naselje).[5] The settlement (naselje) of Jastrebarsko encompasses nearly a third of the total population of the town, but less than a tenth of the total area.[3] The records from the earlier censuses show a decrease in total population from a high of 17,895 in 1991, although the population of the seat settlement has been continuously increasing since at least 1981.[3]

Jastrebarsko metropolitan area includes the City of Jastrebarsko and three adjacent municipalities: Klinča Sela, Krašić and Žumberak. The area is fairly large at 628 square kilometers (242 sq mi), but has a low population density and encompasses only 29,697 people.[15][16]

Settlements

The settlements in the city administrative area are:[5]


Notable inhabitants
Vladko Maček memorial in Jastrebarsko

Jastrebarsko was home to two important Croatian Roman Catholic cardinals: Aloysius Stepinac (1898–1960) and Franjo Kuharić (1919–2002).[17][18] Aloysius Stepinac (Croatian: Alojzije Stepinac) was born in Krašić municipality in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area and made Archbishop of Zagreb in 1937 and later cardinal in 1952. He is recognized for trying to protect the Jews, Serbs, Romani people and other minorities in Croatia from the Nazi regime during the World War II-era Croatian puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia. However, after World War II and takeover by Yugoslav communists, Stepinac was sentenced in 1946 by a Yugoslav court to 16 years in prison for alleged collaborating with Nazis. He was released five years later and died in home confinement. He was buried in the Zagreb Cathedral and Franjo Šeper succeeded him as the new Archbishop of Zagreb.[17] The other cardinal was Franjo Kuharić, also from Krašić. He became a priest in 1945 and succeeded Šeper (then already a cardinal) as the Archbishop of Zagreb in 1970. In 1983 pope John Paul II chose him as a cardinal. Kuharić remained on that duty until his retirement in 1997.[18]

Two influential Croatian politicians are known to have lived in Jastrebarsko. Vladko Maček, a Croatian politician from the first half of the 20th century also hails from Jastrebarsko. Born in a nearby village, Kupinec, Maček led the Croatian Peasant Party fighting for the independence of Croatia since the assassination of Stjepan Radić until World War II and the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia by the Axis powers which defeated the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941.[1] Ante Starčević, termed "Father of the Croatian homeland"[1][19] (Croatian: Otac domovine), fought for the independence and the democratical re-establishment of the medieval Kingdom of Croatia, opposing the Hungarian sympathizer and ban of Croatia Khuen-Héderváry.[19] He lived in Jastrebarsko for seven years while working in a law practice.[1]

Boris Klemenić was mayor of the town for eight years.

References
  1. Škrabe, Nino. "Jastrebarsko through history". Town of Jastrebarsko. Archived from the original on 2010-03-09. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
  2. "Riječ gradonačelnika" (in Croatian). Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  3. "PPZŽ: 1.1.2.1. Naselja". Zagreb County (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 2007-06-11. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
  4. "Jastrebarsko". United Nations. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
  5. "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Jastrebarsko". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  6. "Pročišćeni popis mjesta u RH - aktualno stanje rujan 2008". Croatian Mail (in Croatian). Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
  7. Gregl, Zoran (1992-12-18). "Antičko nalazište Repišće kod Jastrebarskog". Archeological Museum in Zagreb (in Croatian). Retrieved 2009-02-02. PDF, 121 KB
  8. http://www.jusp-jasenovac.hr/Default.aspx?sid=7384
  9. "Mountains and mountain peaks above 500 meters" (PDF). Croatian Bureau of Statistics. http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/Census2001/Popis/E01_01_01/e01_01_01_zup01-1694.html. (in English and Croatian). Retrieved 2009-02-07. External link in |work= (help)
  10. Jergović, Miljenko (2008-12-23). "Na zapadu Sveta Gera, na istoku bliska povijest". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 2009-02-07.
  11. "Željezničke pruge od značaja za međunarodni promet". Croatian Railways (in Croatian). Retrieved 2009-01-24.
  12. "Suspendiran strojovođa nagibnog vlaka koji je izbjegao frontalni sudar kod Jastrebarskog". Vijesti.net (in Croatian). 2006-08-28. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
  13. "Studija prometa za grad Jastrebarsko". Town of Jastrebarsko (in Croatian). 2007-10-19. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
  14. Milković, Juraj; Medvedović, Juraj (2006-10-09). "Weather conditions in Jastrebarsko and its surroundings in the years 2002, 2003 and 2004". Forest Research Institute in Jastrebarsko (in Croatian and English). Retrieved 2009-01-24.
  15. "PPZZ – Uvjeti razgraničenja prostora prema obilježju, korištenju i namjeni" (in Croatian). Archived from the original on June 11, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
  16. "Population by sex and age, by settlements, census 2001 – Zagreb County". Croatian Bureau of Statistics (in Croatian). Retrieved 2008-12-25.
  17. "Alojzije Viktor Stepinac". Moljac (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 2009-01-29. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  18. "Kardinal Franjo Kuharić". Katolici.org (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 2005-03-16. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
  19. Szabo, Gjuro (1971). Stari Zagreb (Old Zagreb) (in Croatian). Zagreb: Spektar.

Endnotes
  1. ^ Also mentioned as Gonjeva by Gregl.
  2. ^ Although Škrabe refers to an estimate of 600 years, the period of Jastrebarsko's free royal trading center actually could have lasted only 591 years. See Gjuro Szabo's book Stari Zagreb for a detailed explanation of free royal towns of Croatia.
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