Julie Bindel

Bindel has served as the assistant director of the Research Centre on Violence, Abuse and Gender Relations at Leeds Metropolitan University (1990s),[19] researcher at the Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit at London Metropolitan University (2000s),[20] Visiting Journalist at Brunel University London (2013–2014), and Visiting Researcher at the University of Lincoln (2014–2017).[5]

Harriet Wistrich, co-founder of Justice for Women

Bindel's research into violence against women in domestic and personal relationships has been a central feature of her work. Together with her partner, Harriet Wistrich, a solicitor, and Hilary McCollum, Bindel co-founded Justice for Women (JFW), a feminist law-reform group that campaigns against laws that discriminate against women in cases involving male violence against partners.[21][2] E. Jane Dickson wrote in The Independent in 1995 that the group was being run by Bindel, Wistrich and their dog, Peggy, out of their North London home; Peggy did "her bit for the cause by snarling like Cerberus at the approach of a male footfall".[2]

JFW was created in 1991, initially as the Free Sara Thornton campaign,[22] to secure the release of Sara Thornton, who had been convicted the previous year of murdering her violent husband.[3] JFW was launched in solidarity with Southall Black Sisters, who were campaigning for the release of Kiranjit Ahluwalia, convicted in 1989 of murdering her husband.[1][23][24]

One of JFW's earliest cases was that of Emma Humphreys. Humphreys had been convicted of murder after killing her violent pimp boyfriend in 1985 when she was 17. In September 1992, she wrote to Justice for Women from prison asking for help. With their support she successfully appealed the conviction, claiming long-term provocation, a significant decision at the time.[25] News reports from 7 July 1995 show Humphreys, Bindel and Wistrich holding hands on the steps of the Old Bailey after the judges ordered that Humphreys be released.[26][1]

External video
Humphreys, Bindel and Wistrich, outside the Old Bailey, 7 July 1995 (YouTube video, directed by Pratibha Parmar)

Humphreys died three years later of a drug overdose.[1] Bindel, Wistrich and Humphreys had become friends, and it was Bindel and Wistrich who found her dead in bed at her home. They co-edited a book based on her notes about her life, The Map of My Life: The Story of Emma Humphreys (2003).[27][28] They also award the annual Emma Humphreys Memorial Prize to women and groups that raise awareness about violence against women and children.[3][29][1]

In 2008, an issue Bindel had campaigned on for over a decade became the focus of government legislation. Justice for Women and Southall Black Sisters had sought to change a law that protected men and penalised women. If men murdered a partner in the heat of the moment, an appeal to provocation was admissible in mitigation. Such an appeal was not practical for women trapped in violent relationships, because murders carried out in the context of ongoing subjection to violence tended not to occur in the heat of the moment, but would often be calculated to provide an escape from violence. The campaign to change the law sought to resist the mitigation that men could appeal to when partners were murdered, and allow the sustained violence to which women could be subjected to act as a mitigating factor. Harriet Harman, Minister for Women and Equality, was of a similar mind on this issue, and legislation was proposed that would change the law to this effect.[30][31]

Bindel has been researching and campaigning against prostitution since the 1970s and has written regularly about it since 1998.[32][33] While working at Leeds Metropolitan University in the 1990s, she coordinated the Kerb Crawlers Re-education Programme, a John school in the city.[32] An abolitionist, she argues strongly against efforts to decriminalise the sex trade as part of promoting "sex workers' rights".[34] Her position is that it is "inherently abusive, and a cause and a consequence of women's inequality ... a one-sided exploitative exchange rooted in male power".[35] For her book The Pimping of Prostitution: Abolishing the Sex Work Myth (2017), she interviewed 250 people in nearly 40 countries, visited brothels, and spoke to prostitutes, pimps and the police.[16]

She has been commissioned several times to write reports about the sex trade for charities and local authorities. While working for the Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit at London Metropolitan University, she co-authored a report in 2003 on prostitution in Australia, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Sweden.[36] In 2004, she produced a report for Glasgow City Council on lap dancing in the UK.[20] In 2008, she co-wrote (with Helen Atkins) Big Brothel, a report commissioned by the POPPY Project, which examined 921 brothels in London's 33 boroughs.[37] They wrote that 85 percent of the brothels were in residential areas—nearly two-thirds in apartments and one-fifth in houses: "Wherever you are in the city, the likelihood is that buying and selling women is going on under your nose."[38]

Bindel and Atkins recruited male acquaintances to telephone the brothels for them, asking what was on offer. They telephoned only the ones advertised in local newspapers; Bindel estimated that the brothels made £86m to £209.5m a year as a result of this advertising.[38] Penetrative sex was available from £15 to £250, with an average price of £62, and two percent of the brothels offered unprotected penetrative sex for an extra £10 to £200.[37] Many of the women were from Southern or Eastern Europe and Asia.[39] One brothel offered what they said was "a Greek girl who is very, very young".[38] Bindel wrote about the findings in her Guardian column:

When Frank rang a brothel in Enfield, he could hear a baby crying in the background. When Alan called one in Southwark, he could make out the sound of a child asking for his tea. And when Mick called another to inquire about their services, he was told that he could have a "dirty Oriental bitch who will do stag nights, anal, and the rest."[38]

The Big Brothel report was criticised by 27 academics and other researchers involved in research into prostitution, who complained that the study had been conducted without ethical approval or acknowledgement of existing sources, and had been co-written by a researcher with anti-prostitution views.[40] The POPPY Project responded that the report was one they had produced independently, that they were not an academic institution, and that it was important to provide a counterbalance to the positive focus on the sex industry found in the media.[41]

Bindel writes for The Guardian, the Sunday Telegraph magazine, New Statesman, Truthdig, and Standpoint, and is often interviewed by the BBC and Sky News.[5] She began writing for newspapers in November 1998, while she was working at Leeds Metropolitan University, when The Independent published her article about the Leeds Kerb Crawlers Re-education Programme.[32]

In 2001, she was given an occasional column in The Guardian, with more frequent contributions from 2003, after she wrote a longer piece about female sex tourism in Jamaica.[42] Topics have included child abuse, cyberstalking,[43] the failure to prosecute sex offenders and the consequences of that failure,[44] and biological theories about what drives sex offenders.[45] She has also covered gender-neutral toilets,[46] "Why I hate vegetarians",[47] Barbie and Ken—"a 1950s pre-feminist monstrosity, resplendent in her passivity" and "a drippy, pathetic man who appeared to have no penis"[48]—and Arsenal football club—"I went to bed with a smile on my face. Why? The most arrogant team in England was given its comeuppance."[49]

Bindel is critical of the difficulty many women who report rape endure, and argues that the investigative and legal process ends up with women being dealt with more like the offender than the victim and where some appear to think it is more important to safeguard the rights of men who might be accused maliciously.[50][51][52][53][54] Her writing on rape has appeared in newspapers in Kuwait and India.[55][56] She wrote in 2006 that she would not report rape herself: "We may as well forget about the criminal justice system and train groups of vigilantes to exact revenge and, hopefully, deter attacks. Because if I were raped, I would rather take my chances as a defendant in court, than as a complainant in a system that seems bent on proving that rape is a figment of malicious women's imagination."[57][58]

Bindel refers to herself as a political lesbian feminist.[59] In 2010, she entered The Independent's "Pink List" as no. 98 of the top 101 most influential gay and lesbian people in Britain.[60] She began writing about lesbian issues in 1996.[61] Her work for The Guardian has included articles about lesbian chic,[62] lesbian child-bearing,[63] the cosmetics industry,[64] cosmetic surgery for women,[65] and scientific theories about sexuality.[66] In January 2009, she wrote about the radical lesbian feminism of the 1970s and 1980s, and her desire to return to those values. Her lesbianism is "intrinsically bound up" with her feminism and campaigning to oppose sexual violence. She described her horror when she was younger at the idea of settling down with a local boy:

I was ... struck by the drudgery on display. While men were out drinking, embarking on fishing trips and generally enjoying their freedom, women were stuck cooking for them, cleaning for them, and running around after children. For women, heterosexuality seemed a total con.[12]

She concluded the article with an invitation to heterosexual women: "Come on sisters, you know it makes sense. Stop pretending you think lesbianism is an exclusive members' club, and join the ranks. I promise that you will not regret it."[12] Bindel does not support the idea of marriage, which she calls a "patriarchal and outdated tradition" stemming from a time that women were viewed as the property of their fathers, then of their husbands. The taking of a husband's name she calls "branding". She extends the same criticism to same-sex marriage; marriage should be rejected, not reclaimed. "Dress it up, subvert it, deny it all you want," she said in 2016. "Marriage is an institution that has curtailed women's freedom for centuries ... It can never be a feminist act."[67] She argues that the state should instead regulate civil partnerships for same-sex and opposite-sex couples.[68][69]

A critic of identity politics and what she calls "the emergence of feminist preciousness", Bindel argued in 2014 that call-out culture had replaced political activism. She cited, as successful feminist campaigns, Justice for Women's work to change the law so that "nagging" was no longer a defence for husbands who killed their wives, and the efforts devoted to outlawing marital rape. Instead of fighting these institutional battles, feminists were focusing now on shaming individuals. "Petitions have taken over politics," she wrote.[70] She is critical of the practice of no-platforming, arguing that "censorship is the new normal".[71] Banning Roosh V from entering the UK, for example (he has said that if rape were legalised, women would be "more careful" with their bodies), would not change that every year in England and Wales around 400,000 women are sexually assaulted, she said in 2016.[72][lower-alpha 1] All that no-platforming achieves, she maintains, is that we are left uninformed about certain views.[72]

In an opinion piece in The Guardian C L Minou said that Julie Bindel had a "long record of public transphobia".[74] Bindel argues that gender is a product of socialisation, and that gender roles reinforce women's oppression;[75][76] she would like to see an end to gender entirely.[75] She wrote in 2008 that gender-reassignment surgery reinforces gender stereotypes, and that the diagnosis of gender identity disorder (GID) is built upon outdated views about how females and males should behave. "It is precisely this idea that certain distinct behaviours are appropriate for males and females," she wrote, "that underlies feminist criticism of the phenomenon of 'transgenderism.'"[77][78]

A 2004 column by Bindel titled "Gender Benders, beware" printed in The Guardian caused the paper to receive more than two hundred letters of complaint from transgender people, doctors, therapists, academics and others. The column expressed her anger about Kimberly Nixon – a transsexual woman who was expelled from her training as a rape crisis counsellor on the basis that she was trans – and also included Bindel's views about transsexuals and transgender rights, which drew significant criticism.[76][79] Trans rights advocacy group Press for Change cite this article as an example of "discriminatory writing" about transsexual people in the press.[80] Complaints focused on the title, "Gender benders, beware", the cartoon accompanying the piece,[81] and the disparaging tone, such as "Think about a world inhabited just by transsexuals. It would look like the set of Grease" and "I don't have a problem with men disposing of their genitals, but it does not make them women, in the same way that shoving a bit of vacuum hose down your 501s [jeans] does not make you a man."[76][82] Bindel later apologized for the article's 'offensive' tone.[83][77][84]

When Bindel was nominated in 2008 for Stonewall's "Journalist of the year" award, transgender activists picketed the ceremony. The London Feminist Network staged a counter-demonstration in Bindel's support.[78] Because of her views, she has been no-platformed by several student unions, including that of the University of Manchester in 2015, where she had been invited to discuss: "From liberation to censorship: does modern feminism have a problem with free speech?".[85]

In 2012, Bindel condemned female bisexuality as a "fashionable trend" caused by "sexual hedonism," and broached the question of whether bisexuality even exists: "[B]isexuality is sold to heterosexual women as some type of recreational activity far from their 'natural home' of straight sex. It is seen as 'temporary lesbianism'"—having a girlfriend, for a straight woman, is like having "the latest Prada handbag".[86] As a long-active lesbian feminist, she has felt uncomfortable with the inclusion of sexuality- and gender-variant communities into the expanding LGBT "rainbow alliance": "The mantra now at 'gay' meetings is a tongue-twisting LGBTQQI. It is all a bit of an unholy alliance. We have been put in a room together and told to play nicely."[84]

In a 2015 interview with Radfem Collective, Bindel advocated for the internment of all males, as well as the abolition of heterosexuality. When asked about whether or not heterosexuality will survive women’s liberation, she replied:

It won't, not unless men get their act together, have their power taken from them and behave themselves. I mean, I would actually put them all in some kind of camp where they can all drive around in quad bikes, or bicycles, or white vans. I would give them a choice of vehicles to drive around with, give them no porn, they wouldn't be able to fight – we would have wardens, of course! Women who want to see their sons or male loved ones would be able to go and visit, or take them out like a library book, and then bring them back. I hope heterosexuality doesn't survive, actually. I would like to see a truce on heterosexuality. I would like an amnesty on heterosexuality until we have sorted ourselves out. Because under patriarchy it's shit.[87][88]