Juntos por el Cambio

Juntos por el Cambio (English: Together for Change) is a centre-right[19] political coalition in Argentina. It was created in 2015 as Cambiemos (English: Let's Change), and renamed in 2019.[20][21] It is composed of Republican Proposal, Radical Civic Union, Civic Coalition ARI and Federal Peronism.[22]

Juntos por el Cambio

JxC
LeaderMauricio Macri
Party LeadersPatricia Bullrich (PRO)
Alfredo Cornejo (UCR)
Maximiliano Ferraro (CC-ARI)
Miguel Ángel Pichetto (PF)
Congress LeadersLuis Naidenoff (Senate)
Mario Negri (Chamber of Deputies)
FoundersMauricio Macri, Elisa Carrió and Ernesto Sanz
Founded15 June 2015 (2015-06-15)
IdeologyLiberalism[1][2][3][4]
Conservatism[5][6][7]
Social democracy[8]
Federal Peronism[9]
Political positionCentre[10][11][12] to Centre-right[13][14][15][16][17][18]
MembersRepublican Proposal,
Radical Civic Union,
Civic Coalition ARI,
Democratic Progressive Party,
Integration and Development Movement,
Popular Union,
UNIR Constitutional Nationalist Party,
Faith Party,
Dialogue Party
Chamber of Deputies
115 / 257
Senate
25 / 72
Governors
4 / 24
Website
jxc.com.ar

These three parties respectively nominated Mauricio Macri, Ernesto Sanz, and Elisa Carrió as their representatives in the August 2015 primary elections, which were held to choose which candidate would run in the 2015 presidential election on October 25.[23]

On August 9, Macri was elected as the candidate who would represent Cambiemos in the presidential election; on November 22 he won in second round by 51%.[24][25]

Creation
Cambiemos official logo.

Initially, the pre-candidates Mauricio Macri, Daniel Scioli, and Sergio Massa had a triple tie in the polls for the 2015 presidential election. Scioli was the candidate of the Front for Victory, the ruling party at the time.[26]

The other parties created a political coalition, the Broad Front UNEN. Elisa Carrió, leader of the Civic Coalition, left UNEN and joined a coalition with Macri's PRO instead. Both of them would run in the primary elections.[27]

The Radical Civic Union was divided: Ernesto Sanz proposed to join Macri as well, and Julio Cobos proposed to stay in UNEN. The party held a convention to decide what to do, and Sanz's proposal prevailed. Thus, the UCR left UNEN and joined the PRO-CC.[28]

The new coalition was named "Cambiemos", suggesting a change from the 12-year long rule of center-left Kirchnerists.[29]

History

Macri, Sanz, and Carrió ran to be the nominee in the primary elections with Macri winning by a wide margin. He won the presidential election against the Kirchnerite candidate Daniel Scioli in a ballotage. In lower-level posts, Horacio Rodríguez Larreta was elected as Macri's replacement, keeping the City of Buenos Aires under coalition control. Alfredo Cornejo and Gerardo Morales became governors of Mendoza and Jujuy Provinces, respectively. María Eugenia Vidal defeated Aníbal Fernández and became the governor of the populous Buenos Aires Province, ending 28 years of Peronist control.[30]

In June 2019, an extension of the Cambiemos alliance was made: it is renamed Together for Change, by adding to Federal Peronism led by Miguel Ángel Pichetto, who would share the presidential formula of space together with Mauricio Macri. In the 2019 presidential elections, JxC was in second place, with 40% of the votes, behind the Fernández, who won first round with 48% of the votes.

In the province of Buenos Aires, Governor María Eugenia Vidal sought re-election but was defeated by the candidate of the Frente de Todos, Axel Kicillof, who won 52% of the votes against 38% obtained by Together for Change.

In the City of Buenos Aires, Horacio Rodríguez Larreta joins the Radical Civic Union and the Socialist Party to the district alliance and is reelected as Chief of Government with 56% of the votes in the first round.[31][32]

Positions

According to the media, Cambiemos is a center-right coalition, because it is led by Mauricio Macri.[5][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]

His presidency has been criticized for failing to materially reform the economy[40][41] while receiving praise for leaving a legacy of anti-corruption[42] and increasing Argentina's sovereign marketability.[43][44]

Political policies

The members of Cambiemos were constituted to "promote economic development, the strengthening of democracy and the republican system, the independence of justice, the quality of education, social solidarity, and the personal happiness of the inhabitants of the Argentine Republic."[45]

Economic policies
See also: Economy of Argentina

Mauricio Macri received a country with huge economic problems, and sought to reverse things. Quickly, moved from a fixed exchange-rate system to a floating one, removed taxes on exports and reduced subsidies on energy, to reduce the fiscal deficit.[46]

Macri avoided to use a shock therapy and introduced the changes in a gradual way.[47][48]

In April 2016, he negotiated with the vulture fund and ended the default to return to the international capital markets.[49]

Until January 2018, the gradualist system was working well, although at a slower pace than needed.[50]

Since May 2018, as part of an agreement with the International Monetary Fund, the government accelerated the austerity plans, aiming to completely remove the fiscal deficit.[51]

Social policies
See also: Abortion in Argentina

President Mauricio Macri encouraged the discussion of an abortion law during the 2018 opening of regular sessions of the National Congress of Argentina.[52] The bill, called "Voluntary termination of pregnancy", divided the coalition, that had no official position and the legislators voted according their beliefs.

Mauricio Macri, Maria Eugenia Vidal, Horacio Rodríguez Larreta, Elisa Carrió, and ministers Marcos Peña, Rogelio Frigerio, Esteban Bullrich, etc., are pro-life; ministers Sergio Rubinstein, Patricia Bullrich, Sergio Bergman, Juan José Aranguren, etc.; are pro-choice.[53]

Foreign policy
See also: Foreign relations of Argentina

Cambiemos opposes strongly the regime of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela for human rights abuses and calls for a restoration of democracy in the country.[54] It recognized Juan Guaidó, who was elected President of Venezuela by the National Assembly during the Venezuelan presidential crisis of 2019.[55]

Macri and his Foreign Minister Susana Malcorra endorsed Democrat Hillary Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election, which was won by Republican Donald Trump.[56]

Macri improved the relations with the United States[57] and from Mercosur achieved a free trade agreement with the European Union[58] and closer ties with the Pacific Alliance.[59]

During the first week in office, Macri annulled the Memorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran, which would have established a joint investigation into the 1994 bombing with AMIA, a terrorist attack on a Jewish organization for which Argentina blamed Hezbollah and Iran.[60]

Presidents
See also: Presidency of Mauricio Macri
PresidentPhotoDistrictPresidency start datePresidency end dateTime in office
Mauricio Macri (b. 1959)Buenos AiresDecember 10, 2015December 10, 20194 years, 0 days

Members
Party Leader Ideology
Republican Proposal Patricia Bullrich Liberal conservatism
Radical Civic Union Alfredo Cornejo Social liberalism, Centrism
Coalición Cívica ARI Maximiliano Ferraro Social liberalism
Progressive Democratic Party Ana Copes Liberal democracy
Public Trust Graciela Ocaña Anti-corruption
Integration and Development Movement Juan Pablo Carrique Developmentalism
Popular Union Luis Fernández Peronism (Christian democracy)
UNIR Constitutional Nationalist Party Alberto Assef Conservatism, Economic liberalism

References
  1. Cué, Carlos E. (November 23, 2015). "Macri gana en Argentina y pone fin al kirchnerismo tras 12 años". El País.
  2. Carlos E. Cué, Alejandro Rebossio (November 26, 2015). "Macri elige un equipo liberal como mensaje a los mercados". El País.
  3. Editorial (June 4, 2017). "Un partido de Cambiemos se suma a la Internacional Liberal". Infobae.
  4. Editorial (April 30, 2018). "Lanzan un nuevo partido liberal dentro de Cambiemos". Infobae.
  5. "Conservative Mauricio Macri wins Argentina presidency". BBC. Reino Unido. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  6. Richard Lough (November 23, 2015). "Argentina's new conservative president is about to turn the country on its head". Business Insider.
  7. Robert Plummer (September 28, 2015). "Argentina presidential election poses economic choice". BBC.
  8. "Macri: "Macri y la socialdemocracia"". Clarín. March 16, 2016.
  9. "Miguel Pichetto arma un partido para integrar el "peronismo republicano" a Juntos por el Cambio". Clarín. February 24, 2020.
  10. Uki Goñi (November 5, 2015). "A Post-Peronist President at Last?". New York Times.
  11. The FT View (April 23, 2017). "Mauricio Macri's reforms provide the best hope for Argentina". Financial Times.
  12. Luis Gregorich (March 16, 2016). "Macri, ante el desafío de salir del corto plazo". La Nación.
  13. The FT View (November 23, 2015). "Mauricio Macri wins Argentina presidential election". Financial Times.
  14. The FT View (November 23, 2015). "Mauricio Macri, Argentina's new president". Financial Times.
  15. Daniel Politi (October 22, 2017). "Argentina's Leader, Mauricio Macri, Bolstered by Election Results". New York Times.
  16. Veronica Smink (November 23, 2015). "Qué puede cambiar en Sudamérica con Macri y el giro de Argentina hacia la derecha". BBC Mundo.
  17. "Argentina shifts to the right after Mauricio Macri wins presidential runoff". The Guardian. November 23, 2015.
  18. Simon Romero and Jonathan Gilbert (November 22, 2015). "In Rebuke to Kirchner, Argentines Elect Opposition Leader Mauricio Macri as President". New York Timez.
  19. María Victoria Murillo (October 27, 2017). "Macri triunfó, ¿ahora qué?". New York Times.
  20. "Las 8 alianzas que competirán en las próximas elecciones" [The 8 alliances that will run in the next elections]. La Nación (in Spanish). June 11, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
  21. "La coalición oficialista tiene nuevo nombre: Juntos por el cambio" [The official coalition has a new name: Juntos por el cambio] (in Spanish). La Nacion. June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
  22. "Tres cafés y una foto para calmar los ánimos de Cambiemos en la recta final". Télam. October 1, 2015.
  23. "El radicalismo aprobó la alianza con Macri y Carrió" [Radicalism approved the alliance with Macri and Carrió] (in Spanish). La Nación. March 15, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  24. Jonathan Watts and Uki Goñi (November 22, 2015). "Argentina shifts to the right after Mauricio Macri wins presidential runoff". The Guardian. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  25. Jonathan Watts and Uki Goñi (November 22, 2015). "Argentina election: second round vote could spell end for 'Kirchnerism'". The Guardian. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  26. "Las últimas encuestas confirman que sigue el triple empate entre Massa y Macri y Scioli" [The last polls confirm the triple draw between Massa, Macri and Scioli] (in Spanish). La Política Online. November 22, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  27. "Elisa Carrió ratifica su salida de UNEN nacional: "Al suicidio no voy"" [Elisa Carrió confirms her departure from UNEN: "I'm not going to suicide"] (in Spanish). La Nación. November 19, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  28. "El radicalismo aprobó la alianza con Macri y Carrió" [Radicalism approved the alliance with Macri and Carrió] (in Spanish). La Nación. March 15, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  29. Jonathan Watts and Uki Goñi (November 22, 2015). "Argentina election: second round vote could spell end for 'Kirchnerism'". The Guardian. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  30. Ramiro Sagasti (October 26, 2015). "Vidal dio la gran sorpresa y le ganó a Aníbal Fernández en la provincia" [Vidal gave a great surprise and defeated Aníbal Fernández in the province]. La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  31. "Arrasó Larreta en histórico triunfo porteño, que alivia ahora transición". Ámbito (in Spanish). October 28, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
  32. Rosemberg, Jaime (October 28, 2019). "Elecciones 2019: un triunfo aplastante proyecta a Larreta como el referente nacional de la oposición". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved November 5, 2019.
  33. Politi, Daniel (October 22, 2017). "Argentina's Leader, Mauricio Macri, Bolstered by Election Results (Published 2017)" – via NYTimes.com.
  34. Romero, Simon; Gilbert, Jonathan (November 22, 2015). "In Rebuke to Kirchner, Argentines Elect Opposition Leader Mauricio Macri as President (Published 2015)" – via NYTimes.com.
  35. Watts, Jonathan; Goñi, Uki (November 23, 2015). "Argentina shifts to the right after Mauricio Macri wins presidential runoff" – via www.theguardian.com.
  36. "Argentina president: Reforms expected after election victory". AP NEWS. October 23, 2017.
  37. "Argentine president looks for legislative majority". Associated Press. Associated Press. October 22, 2017.
  38. Cué, Carlos E. (November 24, 2015). "Macri gana en Argentina y pone fin al kirchnerismo tras 12 años" – via elpais.com.
  39. "Subscribe to read | Financial Times". www.ft.com. Cite uses generic title (help)
  40. Luciana, Zorzoli (May 14, 2019). "The Consequences of Mr Macri". jacobinmag.com. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  41. Gedan, Benjamin N. (October 24, 2019). "Mauricio Macri Was Bound for Disaster". Foreign Policy. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  42. The Editorial Board (December 9, 2019). "Argentina must preserve anti-corruption legacy". Financial Times. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  43. Wallencraft, Jeff (October 31, 2019). "Mauricio Macri | Biography". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  44. "Mauricio Macri's long odds". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  45. "PLATAFORMA JUNTOS POR EL CAMBIO PASO 2019 | Juntos por el Cambio". Cambiemos.
  46. "Subscribe to read | Financial Times". www.ft.com. Cite uses generic title (help)
  47. "Subscribe to read | Financial Times". www.ft.com. Cite uses generic title (help)
  48. "Subscribe to read | Financial Times". www.ft.com. Cite uses generic title (help)
  49. Bob Van Voris (13 April 2016). "Argentina Wins Court Ruling Letting Bond Sale Proceed". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  50. "Argentina's gamble on economic gradualism is working, so far". The Economist. January 18, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  51. Agustino Fontevecchia (June 13, 2018). "Cambiemos Must Change: Argentina's Macri Needs A Radical Paradigm Shift". Forbes. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  52. "Mauricio Macri en el Congreso: reviví el minuto a minuto de la Asamblea Legislativa" [Mauricio Macri in the Congress, relive the minute by minute of the Legislative assembly]. La Nación (in Spanish). March 1, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
  53. Demian Bio (February 26, 2018). "Where Do the Cambiemos' Top Politicians Stand on Abortion?". The Bubble. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  54. "Diputados de Cambiemos lanzaron una mesa de trabajo para seguir de cerca la crisis de Venezuela" [Deputies of Cambiemos started a workgroup to follow the crisis in Venezuela] (in Spanish). Infobae. July 6, 2017. Retrieved October 1, 2018.
  55. "Crisis en Venezuela: Macri reconoció a Juan Guaidó como presidente interino". www.lanacion.com.ar. January 23, 2019.
  56. "El gobierno de Macri apuesta por Hillary en la pelea por la Casa Blanca". www.lanacion.com.ar.
  57. "Mauricio Macri se reunió con Barack Obama en la Casa Rosada". www.lanacion.com.ar.
  58. "Histórico: firman el acuerdo comercial entre el Mercosur y la Unión Europea". www.lanacion.com.ar. June 28, 2019.
  59. "Giro estratégico: Macri busca un acercamiento a la Alianza del Pacífico". www.lanacion.com.ar.
  60. "Macri confirmó que se cae definitivamente el memorándum con Irán". www.lanacion.com.ar.
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