King (crater)

King is a prominent lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, and can not be viewed directly from Earth. The crater was named after Arthur Scott King and Edward Skinner King in 1970.[1] Prior to that, this crater was known as Crater 211.[2] It forms a pair with Ibn Firnas, which is only slightly larger and is attached to the northeast rim of King. To the northwest is the crater Lobachevskiy, and Guyot is located an equal distance to the north-northwest.

King
The lunar crater King from Apollo 16. NASA photo.
Coordinates5.0°N 120.5°E / 5.0; 120.5
Diameter76 km
DepthUnknown
Colongitude241° at sunrise
EponymArthur S. King and Edward S. King

Description

The outer rim of King is roughly circular but with a slightly irregular appearance, particularly at the northern end. The crater displays little appearance of wear. The inner walls are terraced, particularly along the eastern side. Within the walls is a somewhat uneven interior floor. The interior is irregular and ridged, particularly in the eastern half. The elongated, Y-shaped central rise is part of a ridge that runs to the southern rim.

Due to its prominent rays, King is mapped as part of the Copernican System.[3]

Sita crater

A tiny crater near the east-southeastern inner wall has been officially given the Indian feminine name Sita by the IAU. It is located at selenographic coordinates 4.6° N, 120.8° E, and has a diameter of 2 kilometres.

Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to King.

King Latitude Longitude Diameter
J 3.2° N 121.8° E 14 km
Y 6.5° N 119.8° E 48 km

King Y is to the north of King, and it is now a "pool" of impact melt, filled at the time of the King impact. The name "Al-Tusi" had been suggested for King Y, but this was not approved by the IAU. King J is a small crater to the southeast of King, and it is covered by King's ejecta blanket.

Mountain Peaks

Several mountain peaks (Montes) within King crater have been named. The names were approved by the IAU in 1976.

Mons Latitude Longitude Approximate Altitude[4]
André 5.18° N 120.56° E 7000 m
Ardeshir 5.03° N 121.04° E 5900 m
Dieter 5.00° N 120.30° E 8000 m
Dilip 5.58° N 120.87° E 5500 m
Ganau 4.79° N 120.59° E 7900 m

Views
  • Oblique view from Apollo 11, at a high sun angle, showing albedo differences
  • Oblique view from Apollo 12
  • Closeup of the central peaks from Apollo 16
  • Oblique view of the "pool" (King Y) north of King from Apollo 16
  • Closeup of the impact melt northeast of the crater, showing flow structures, from Apollo 16
  • View of King during Apollo 16's trans-earth injection

References
  1. King, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
  2. Lunar Farside Chart (LFC-1A)
  3. The geologic history of the Moon, 1987, Wilhelms, Don E.; with sections by McCauley, John F.; Trask, Newell J. USGS Professional Paper: 1348. Plate 11: Copernican System (online)
  4. LTO65C1 King Lunar Topographic Orthophotomap, 1974

Further reading
  • Andersson, L. E.; Whitaker, E. A. (1982). NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA RP-1097.
  • Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. (2004). The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
  • Cocks, Elijah E.; Cocks, Josiah C. (1995). Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature. Tudor Publishers. ISBN 978-0-936389-27-1.
  • McDowell, Jonathan (July 15, 2007). "Lunar Nomenclature". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  • Menzel, D. H.; Minnaert, M.; Levin, B.; Dollfus, A.; Bell, B. (1971). "Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU". Space Science Reviews. 12 (2): 136–186. Bibcode:1971SSRv...12..136M. doi:10.1007/BF00171763.
  • Moore, Patrick (2001). On the Moon. Sterling Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-304-35469-6.
  • Price, Fred W. (1988). The Moon Observer's Handbook. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33500-3.
  • Rükl, Antonín (1990). Atlas of the Moon. Kalmbach Books. ISBN 978-0-913135-17-4.
  • Webb, Rev. T. W. (1962). Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes (6th revised ed.). Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-20917-3.
  • Whitaker, Ewen A. (1999). Mapping and Naming the Moon. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62248-6.
  • Wlasuk, Peter T. (2000). Observing the Moon. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-193-1.


King Crater's Unusual Melt Pond
King crater ejecta deposits
Anomalous mounds on the King crater floor
Fault scarp with impact melt in King crater
Making a Splash at King Crater
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