Korolev (Martian crater)

Korolev is an ice-filled impact crater in the Mare Boreum quadrangle of Mars, located at 73° north latitude and 165° east longitude. It is 81.4 kilometres (50.6 mi) in diameter[1] and contains about 2,200 cubic kilometres (530 cu mi) of water ice, comparable in volume to Great Bear Lake in northern Canada.[2] The crater was named after Sergei Korolev (1907–1966), the head Soviet rocket engineer and designer during the Space Race in the 1950s and 1960s.[2]

This article is about the crater on Mars. For the lunar crater, see Korolev (lunar crater).
Korolev Crater
Perspective view of Korolev crater, generated using images and digital terrain data from Mars Express.
PlanetMars
Coordinates72.77°N 164.58°E / 72.77; 164.58[1]
QuadrangleMare Boreum quadrangle
Diameter81.4 kilometres (50.6 mi)[1]
EponymSergei Korolev (1907-1966), Soviet rocket engineer and designer

Korolev crater is located on the Planum Boreum, the northern polar plain which surrounds the north polar ice cap, near the Olympia Undae dune field. The crater rim rises about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) above the surrounding plains. The crater floor lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) below the rim, and is covered by a 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) deep central mound of permanent water ice, up to 60 kilometres (37 mi) in diameter.[2]

Ice formation

The ice is permanently stable because the crater acts as a natural cold trap. The thin Martian air above the crater ice is colder than air surrounding the crater; the colder local atmosphere is also heavier so it sinks to form a protective layer, insulating the ice, shielding it from melting and evaporation.[2][3] Recent research indicates that the ice deposit formed in place within the crater and was not previously part of a once-larger polar ice sheet.[4] The ice in the crater is part of the vast water resources at Mars poles.[3]

  • Natural color view of Korolev crater from Mars Express
  • Color-coded topographic view of Korolev crater based on a digital terrain model from Mars Express data
  • Map of Mare Boreum quadrangle with major features and craters labeled
  • High-resolution image mosaic of Mare Boreum quadrangle from the Viking Orbiter
  • High-resolution topographic map of Mare Boreum quadrangle with features and craters labeled, from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data

See also

References
  1. "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature | Korolev". usgs.gov. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  2. "A winter wonderland in red and white – Korolev Crater on Mars". German Aerospace Center (DLR). Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  3. "Mars Express beams back images of ice-filled Korolev crater". The Guardian. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  4. Brothers, T. Charles; Holt, John W. (2016). "Three‐dimensional structure and origin of a 1.8 km thick ice dome within Korolev Crater, Mars". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (4): 1443–1449. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43.1443B. doi:10.1002/2015GL066440.
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