Ksar Metlili Formation
The Ksar Metlili Formation is a geological formation in eastern High Atlas of Morocco, it is late Tithonian to Berriasian in age. It is approximately 80 metres (260 ft) thick and primarily consists of mudstone and sandstone, with thin calcareous beds.[1] One of these calcareous beds near the middle of the sequence is an important microvertebrate locality.[2] Subsequent to the original site, several other localities have been sampled. The depositional environment is thought to be near shore deltaic.[3]
| Ksar Metlili Formation Stratigraphic range: Late Tithonian to Early Berriasian | |
|---|---|
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Moroccan Red Beds |
| Underlies | Dekkar Group |
| Overlies | Anoual Formation |
| Thickness | ~80 m (260 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Mudstone, sandstone |
| Other | Limestone, marl, calcarenite |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 32.7°N 3.1°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 25.1°N 1.9°E |
| Region | Figuig Province |
| Country |  Morocco |
| Extent | High Atlas |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Ksar Met Lili Fort |
  Ksar Metlili Formation (Morocco) | |
Fossil content
Amphibians
| Amphibians of the Ksar Metlili Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Abundance | Notes | Images |
| Anoualerpeton[4] | A. unicus | "Right premaxilla missing most of pars palatinum and lateralmost part of pars dentalis, with preserved tooth row containing three broken teeth and five tooth slots" | Albanerpetonid | |||
| Aygroua | A. anoualensis | Frog | ||||
| aff. Enneabatrachus | Indeterminate | Discoglossid Frog | ||||
| Rubricacaecilia[5] | R. monbaroni | Nearly complete right pseudodentary, partial left pseudodentaries, partial right pseudangular, partial palatine, atlas, postcranial vertebrae | Stem-caecilian | |||
Lepidosaurs
| Lepidosaurs of the Ksar Metlili Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Abundance | Notes | Images |
| Paramacellodus | P. marocensis | Left dentary with 12 teeth | Lizard | |||
| Tarratosaurus | T. anoualensis | Lizard | ||||
| Tingitana | T. anoualae | Sphenodontid | ||||
| Sphenodontia | Indeterminate | Distinct from Tingitana | ||||
Dinosaurs
| DInosaurs of the Ksar Metlili Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Abundance | Notes | Images |
| Theropoda[6] | Indeterminate | Teeth | ||||
| Maniraptoriformes[6] | Indeterimnate | Teeth | ||||
| Dromeosauridae[6] | Indeterminate | Teeth | ||||
| Ornithischia | Indeterminate | |||||
Mammals
| Mammals of the Ksar Metlili Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Abundance | Notes | Images |
| Afriquiamus | A. nessovi | Peramurid | ||||
| Atlasodon[7] | A. monbaroni | Theriiform | ||||
| Denisodon | D. moroccensis | Haramiyidan | ||||
| Donodon[7] | D. prescriptoris | Dryolestida | ||||
| Dyskritodon[8] | D. amazighi | KM 1983 | Eutriconodontan | |||
| Gobiconodon | G. palaios | KM 1983 | Eutriconodontan | |||
| Hahnodon | H. taqueti | Haramiyidan | ||||
| Hypomylos | H. phelizoni, H. micros | |||||
| Ichthyoconodon[8] | I. jaworowskorum | Volaticothere | ||||
| Kryptotherium | K. polysphenos | Eutriconodonta | ||||
| Microderson[7] | M. laaroussii | |||||
| Minimus | M. richardfoxi | |||||
| Peramus | Indeterminate | |||||
| Thereuodon | T. dahmani | |||||
| Tribotherium | T. africanum | |||||
| Amphilestidae | Indeterimate | |||||
| Dryolestidae | Indeterminate | |||||
| cf. Cynodontia[9] | Indeterminate | KM-B' | Two morphotypes, non tritylodontid | |||
References
- Haddoumi, Hamid; Allain, Ronan; Meslouh, Said; Metais, Grégoire; Monbaron, Michel; Pons, Denise; Rage, Jean-Claude; Vullo, Romain; Zouhri, Samir (January 2016). "Guelb el Ahmar (Bathonian, Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco): First continental flora and fauna including mammals from the Middle Jurassic of Africa" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 29 (1): 290–319. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.12.004. ISSN 1342-937X.
- "Ksar Met-Lili, Anoual". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- Lasseron, Maxime; Allain, Ronan; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Haddoumi, Hamid; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Métais, Grégoire; Rage, Jean-Claude; Vullo, Romain; Zouhri, Samir (March 2020). "New data on the microvertebrate fauna from the Upper Jurassic or lowest Cretaceous of Ksar Metlili (Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco)". Geological Magazine. 157 (3): 367–392. doi:10.1017/S0016756819000761. ISSN 0016-7568.
- Gardner, J.D., Evans, S.E., and Sigogneau−Russell, D. (2003). New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(2): 301–319.
- Evans, S. E. & Sigogneau-Rusell, D. (2001) A stem-group caecilian (Amphibia: Lissamphibia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Morocco. Palaeontology 44, 259–273.
- Knoll, F.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J. I. (July 2009). "Theropod teeth from the basalmost Cretaceous of Anoual (Morocco) and their palaeobiogeographical significance". Geological Magazine. 146 (4): 602–616. doi:10.1017/S0016756809005950. ISSN 1469-5081.
- D. Sigogneau-Russell. 1991. Nouveaux Mammiferes theriens du Cretace inferieur du Maroc. Comptes-Rendus de l'Academis des Sciences du Paris, series II 313:279-285
- Sigogneau-Russell, D. (1995) Two possibly aquatic triconodont mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 40(2), p.149-162.
- Lasseron, Maxime (October–November 2019). "Enigmatic teeth from the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition of Morocco: The latest known non-mammaliaform cynodonts (Synapsida, Cynodontia) from Africa?". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 18 (7): 897–907. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2019.05.002.
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