Kumarakom

Kumarakom is a popular tourism destination located near the city of Kottayam (16 kilometres (10 mi)), in Kerala, India, famous for its backwater tourism.[1] It is set in the backdrop of the Vembanad Lake, the largest lake in the state of Kerala.[2]

Kumarakom
Town
Houseboat at Kumarakom lake
Kumarakom
Location in Kerala, India
Coordinates: 9°35′0″N 76°26′0″E
Country India
StateKerala
DistrictKottayam
Languages
  OfficialMalayalam, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationKL-05
Nearest cityKottayam
House Boats
Entrance to resort
Serene Kumarakom
Bird Sanctuary
Thottappally Spillway

History

Kumarakom was within the jurisdiction of the king of Thekkumkur while that kingdom existed, and it was usual to have fighting and competitions among local kings. Small boats called chundan vallam and veppu vallam were widely used among the local kings for their lightning attacks and fighting in central Travancore. During those days Vembanad Lake was a dangerous area; therefore the king of Thekkumcore kept soldiers in Kumarakom and constructed a fort at the entrance of Kottathodu in Kumarakom.

Soldiers were kept in certain areas of Kumarakom for protection against enemy attacks; some of those places still have "pada" (meaning war) in their names, such as Padakkalam and Padanilam. The remains of the fort's wall, six feet broad, can still be seen near the village office of Kumarakom.

Environment

Kumarakom is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna. Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is a noted bird sanctuary where many species of migratory birds visit. The Vembanad Lake, the largest backwater in Kerala, is habitat for many marine and freshwater fish species and it teems with Karimeen (Pearl spot also known as Etroplus suratensis) shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsonii) common name Poovalan chemeen. The bird sanctuary extends over 14 acres (57,000 m²), and came into existence following preservation efforts from the government. It is a major tourist attraction.

Climate

Kumarakom has a moderate climate throughout the year. It is a balanced tropical climate, which has two monsoons south west and north east. The average rainfall is 1100 mm.

Economy

Fishing, agriculture and tourism are the major economic activities. Kumarakom's perfectly balanced tropical climate is very conducive to cultivation. The place has expanses of mangrove forests, paddy fields and coconut groves. Fruits like Banana, Mango, Jackfruit, Ambazhanga, Puli (Tamarind), Chaambenga, Peraycka (Guava), Aathaycka and Pineapple grow here. Also, cocoa and coffee, chena(yam) and chembu (colocasia), grow well and were cultivated under the coconut trees. This rich agricultural environment is mainly irrigated using interspersed waterways and canals of the Meenachil river. The smaller canals are often lined by hibiscus plants which lean partly over the canals to form a green canopy, from which hang the lovely hibiscus flowers.

In the olden days, when the bund separating the backwaters from the sea was not yet built, the water in the canals moved in and out with the sea tide and it was salty. After the Thanneermukkam bund was constructed, the connection to the open sea was not free anymore, and so the tidal movement of the water in the canals stopped. It stagnated and then plenty of water hyacinths started growing densely in the canals, forming lovely green carpets with pale lilac flowers carpets.

Religion

Main religions are Hinduism and Christianity, More than 70% of people belong to Ezhava caste under four SNDP of Sree Kumaramangalam Temple, and the rest of the people belong to Christian religion The famous church in Kumarakom is Attamangalam St John the Baptist church. The 1000-year-old Thazhathangady Juma Masjid, a mosque, is located nearby Kumarakom, almost 6 km (3.7 mi) away. The people of Kumarakom celebrate both the festivals of Temples and Churches equally without the discrimination of caste and religions.[3]

Fishing

Fishing is mainly done using the small boats (vallams) and gill nets (gear). The main catches are black clam (Villorita cyprinoides), Karimeen (Pearl spot also known as Etroplus suratensis) and shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsonii).

Boat Race

Kumarakom has a wide variety of houseboats and is well known throughout the world for houseboat experience. They are used only for tourists these days. A separate boat known as Kettuvallam is used by the people to go fishing or to transport goods. Apart from these, there are elegant special boats like Kochu-odi Vallam, Odi-Vallam, Iruttukutthi Vallam, Churulan Vallam and Chundan Vallam (Snake Boat), which take part in the boat races around Onam time including Nehru Trophy boat race Alappuzha (The most famous boat race in Kerala). The pride of Kumarakom in boat races in Kerala is two main boat clubs called KBC (Kumarakom Boat Club) and KTBC (Kumarakom Town Boat Club) which won Nehru trophy several times. Kumarakom will be in the Retheme of boat race during the first two weeks of August. This is the most perfect time to visit Kumarakom because tourists are able to see the trials (practice) of snake boats and other boats which is like a festival in Kumarakom. More than 1000 oarsmen in boats of different sizes and shapes will participate in this event. Even though Snake Boats participate in this race, the importance is given here is for Iruttukuthi, in which about 50 oarsmen row. The Kumarakom boat-race is conducted in the big canal in the centre near the market. The Sree Narayana Ever Rolling Trophy will be given to the winner at the end of the day.[4] There is a private sailing club in Kumarakom, located on the shore of the Vembanad lake.

Modes of access

Public Transport Boat service in Kerala

One can access Kumarakom by many means:

  • By air: via Cochin International Airport approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi).
  • By rail: via Kottayam
  • By road:KSRTC(16 kilometres) Buses and taxis are easily available at all times of the day from Kottayam.
  • By boat: Public ferry by SWTD (Govt. of Kerala) to and from Muhamma (near Alappuzha) to Kumarakom Jetty. Public ferry is also available from Cheepunkal jetty located 5 km (3.1 mi) apart. Once can avail a public ferry and return to same spot in about 1.5 hours at cheap rate of Rs 20 on Kumarakom-Muhamma—Kumarakom route (across Vempanad lake). Also one can choose Cheepunkal-Maniaparambu-Cheepunkal to see Kuttanad like topography, agriculture, life along the river.

Ferry Timings:

Ferry Services from / to Kumarakom & Cheepunkal
Source Departure Destination Return Service

Arrival Back at Source

Route
Kumarakom 06:30 Muhamma 08:00 Across Vempanad Lake
Cheepunkal 06:30 Maniaparambu 08:00 Paddy fields of Upper Kuttanad
Kumarakom 07:15 Muhamma 09:00 Across Vempanad Lake
Kumarakom 08:00 Muhamma 09:45 Across Vempanad Lake
Cheepunkal 08:00 Maniaparambu 09:30 Paddy fields of Upper Kuttanad
Kumarakom 09:00 Muhamma 10:45 Across Vempanad Lake
Cheepunkal 09:30 Muhamma 11:30 Across Vempanad Lake
Kumarakom 10:00 Muhamma 11:45 Across Vempanad Lake
Kumarakom 11:00 Muhamma 12:30 Across Vempanad Lake
Cheepunkal 11:30 Maniaparambu 13:45 Paddy fields of Upper Kuttanad
Kumarakom 11:45 Muhamma 13:45 Across Vempanad Lake
Kumarakom 13:00 Muhamma 14:30 Across Vempanad Lake
Kumarakom 13:45 Muhamma 15:30 Across Vempanad Lake
Cheepunkal 14:15 Maniaparambu 15:45 Paddy fields of Upper Kuttanad
Kumarakom 14:45 Muhamma 16:15 Across Vempanad Lake
Kumarakom 15:30 Muhamma 17:15 Across Vempanad Lake
Cheepunkal 15:45 Kannankara 16:45 Across Vempanad Lake
Kumarakom 16:15 Muhamma 18:00 Across Vempanad Lake
Cheepunkal 16:45 Maniaparambu 18:15 Paddy fields of Upper Kuttanad
Kumarakom 17:15 Muhamma 19:00 Across Vempanad Lake
Kumarakom 18:00 Muhamma 19:45 Across Vempanad Lake
Cheepunkal 18:15 Maniaparambu 19:45 Paddy fields of Upper Kuttanad
Kumarakom 19:00 Muhamma No return Service across Vempanad Lake
Cheepunkal 19:45 Kannankara No return service across Vempanad Lake
Kumarakom 20:00 Muhamma No return Service across Vempanad Lake

Tourism sightseeing

Traditional boats moored at a lagoon

Tourism in Kumarakom largely revolves -around the backwaters of the Vembanad Lake. Several luxury and budget resorts lined up on the shores of the lake provide tourists with facilities for boating, yachting and fishing, with panoramic views of the lake. The other major attraction is the Bird Sanctuary, which is open from 6 am to 6 pm and can be visited by canoes arranged by local fishermen at the entrance to the sanctuary. A two-hour rowing canoe trip is quite cheap, and is best undertaken in the evening or early morning to avoid the afternoon sun.

Furthermore, the Aruvikkuzhi Waterfall and its surrounding rubber plantation are a photographer's delight. There is also the Bay Island Drift Museum near the Kumarakom beach for history lovers, open from 10 am – 5 pm on Tuesdays – Saturdays and from 11.30 am – 5 pm on Sundays.

Kumarakom is the first destination in India to Implement Responsible Tourism practices. Kerala Tourism was awarded for its path-breaking 'Responsible Tourism' project in Kumarakom, which has successfully linked the local community with the hospitality industry and government departments, thereby creating a model for empowerment and development of the people in the area while sustaining eco-friendly tourism.

Vivanta By Taj

Earlier Taj Garden Retreat, now Vivanta By Taj, the first modern tourist resort in Kumarakom was established in the Victorian two storeyed bungalow built by Alfred George Baker in the year 1881 on huge pieces of teak wood rafters packed in mud as a base. This house on the lake at Kumarakom was the house of four generations of the Baker family, for over a hundred years. The bird Sanctuary and the two storeyed bungalow built by Mr.A G Baker on the muddy land are places of interest for tourists from all over the world. The bungalow still remains grand but silent reminder of an age and people whose hard work cannot be erased by time.[5]

Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things is set in Ayemenem or Aymanam village, which adjoins Kumarakom. The explosive success of this novel has given some added tourism impetus to this area. The Taj Garden Retreat hotel complex is centered on a building that is called "History House" in the novel; it was built by British missionary Alfred George Baker, whom the locals called "Kari Saipu" (possibly an elided form of "Baker Sahib"), as in the novel.[6] Four generations of Bakers lived in the house until 1962, speaking Malayalam, and even wearing the mundu. The Baker Memorial School, Kottayam, was started by a daughter of this family in 1925. The Baker family's house is in ruins in the novel, as it was in reality before was developed into a hotel and has been restored by the Taj group. The Ayemenem house, where Arundhati Roy spent part of her childhood (like the twins in the story), can also be visited in the village, which can be reached by boat along the Meenachil river that figures prominently in the story.

Special Tourism Zone

Kumarakom has been declared a Special Tourism Zone by the Kerala state Government, as legislated for by Kerala Tourism Act, 2005.[7] Development in the area is therefore now controlled by the guidelines written by the STZ committee, and published at http://www.keralatourism.org/specialtourism.php

Awards and Honours

It had won top honours including the UNWTO Ulysses Award [8] for Innovation in Public Policy and Governance. The Kumarakom initiative had earlier won the National Award for Best Responsible Tourism Project and also the PATA Grand Award for Environment.

References

  1. "Kumarakom: Backwater paradise". The Bangalore Mirror. 11 March 2010.
  2. "Kumarakom". Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  3. "Thazhathangady Juma Masjid".
  4. Flyhigh. "Kumarakom Homestay, Bed and breakfast-Backwater Heritage KUMARAKOM ATTRACTIONS". www.backwaterheritage.com.
  5. PG Padmanabhan & assi (February 2005). "Kumarakom - An Insider's Introduction". Learners Book House.
  6. Partha S Banerjee (February 2004). "Arundhati's Ayemenem". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2007.
  7. "Tourism Act, Kerala Tourism - Kerala Tourism". www.keralatourism.org.
  8. Probe Chandy’s role in 1992 Palmolein case UNWTO, 22 January 2014
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